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{{Short description|
{{Other uses|World War II Memorial (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2020}}
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{{Infobox protected area
| name = World War II Memorial
| photo =
| photo_width = 350
| photo_caption = The memorial in Washington D.C.
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|}}<!-- Note: site is not listed in IUCN database -->
The '''World War II Memorial''' is a [[List of national memorials of the United States|national memorial in the United States]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/103/32.pdf |title=Public Law 103-32 |date=May 25, 1993 |website=uscode.house.gov |access-date=August 15, 2015 |archive-date=October 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010083036/http://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/103/32.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-1/subchapter-LXI |title=16 U.S. Code Subchapter LXI – National and International Monuments and Memorials |website=LII / Legal Information Institute |access-date=August 15, 2015 |archive-date=May 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519022228/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-1/subchapter-LXI |url-status=live }}</ref> dedicated to [[Veteran#United States|Americans who served]] in the [[United States Armed Forces|armed forces]] and as civilians during [[World War II]]. It is located on the [[National Mall]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]
The memorial consists of 56 granite pillars, decorated with bronze [[laurel wreath]]s, representing [[U.S. states]] and [[U.S. territories|territories]], and a pair of small [[triumphal arch]]es for the Atlantic and Pacific theaters, surrounding an oval plaza and fountain. On its short axis is a memorial wall of [[American Gold Star Mothers#Origin of Gold Star Symbol|gold stars]] representing the fallen, and opposite, a sloped and stepped entrance plaza leading up to the oval from 17th Street. Its initial design was submitted by Austrian-American architect [[Friedrich St. Florian]].
Opened on April 29, 2004, it replaced the [[Rainbow Pool]] at the eastern end of the [[Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool|Reflecting Pool]], between the [[Lincoln Memorial]] and the [[Washington Monument]]. Dedicated by [[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush]] on May 29, 2004,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwiimemorial.com/ |title=WWII Memorial |website=www.wwiimemorial.com |access-date=June 12, 2008 |archive-date=May 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519033349/http://wwiimemorial.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the memorial is administered by the [[National Park Service]] under its [[National Mall and Memorial Parks]] group.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/nwwm/ |title=World War II Memorial (U.S. National Park Service) |website=www.nps.gov |access-date=April 11, 2005 |archive-date=November 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105104642/http://www.nps.gov/nwwm |url-status=live }}</ref> More than 4.6 million people visited the memorial in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/SSRSReports/Park%20Specific%20Reports/Annual%20Park%20Recreation%20Visitation%20(1904%20-%20Last%20Calendar%20Year)?Park=WWII |title=Stats Report Viewer: World War II Memorial |website=irma.nps.gov |access-date=April 22, 2019 |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624082243/https://irma.nps.gov/STATS/SSRSReports/Park%20Specific%20Reports/Annual%20Park%20Recreation%20Visitation%20(1904%20-%20Last%20Calendar%20Year)?Park=WWII |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Overview==
[[File:Aerial view of National World War II Memorial.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the World War II Memorial]]
[[File:Wreath Presenters WWII Mem.jpg|thumb|Wreath Presenters From the 30 Allied Countries at the WWII Memorial 2015 VE Day Ceremony
The memorial consists of 56 [[granite]] [[column|pillar]]s, each {{convert|17|ft|m}} tall, arranged in a [[semicircle]] around a [[plaza]] with two {{convert|43|ft|m|adj=on}} [[triumphal arch]]es on opposite sides. Two-thirds of the {{convert|7.4|acre|ha|adj=on}} site is landscaping and water. Each pillar is inscribed with the name of one of the 48 [[U.S. state]]s of 1945, as well as the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]], the [[Alaska Territory]] and [[Territory of Hawaii]], the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Guam]], [[American Samoa]], and the [[U.S. Virgin Islands]]. The northern arch is inscribed with "[[European Theatre of World War II|Atlantic]]"; the southern one, "[[Asiatic-Pacific Theater|Pacific]]." The plaza is {{cvt|337|ft|10|in|m}} long and {{cvt|240|ft|2|in|m}} wide, is sunk {{convert|6|ft|m}} below [[Grade (slope)|grade]], and contains a pool that is {{convert|75.2|x|45.0|m|ftin|disp=flip}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwiimemorial.com/default.asp?page=design.asp&subpage=memorialdesign |title=Memorial Design |publisher=National WWII Memorial |access-date=July 16, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531165728/http://www.wwiimemorial.com/default.asp?page=design.asp&subpage=memorialdesign |archive-date=May 31, 2008}}</ref>
The memorial includes two<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM4F0R_Kilroy_Was_Here_World_War_II_Memorial_Washington_DC |title=Kilroy Was Here, World War II Memorial, Washington, D.C. – Kilroy Was Here on Waymarking.com |website=www.waymarking.com |access-date=August 28, 2011 |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127210107/https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM4F0R_Kilroy_Was_Here_World_War_II_Memorial_Washington_DC |url-status=live }}</ref> inconspicuously located "[[Kilroy was here]]" engravings. Their inclusion in the memorial acknowledges the significance of the symbol to American soldiers during World War II and how it represented their presence and protection wherever it was inscribed.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/rawfisher/2006/05/kilroy_is_herecan_you_find_him.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=Kilroy Is Here – Can You Find Him? |access-date=August 28, 2011 |archive-date=December 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207140946/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/rawfisher/2006/05/kilroy_is_herecan_you_find_him.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On approaching the semicircle from the east, a visitor walks along one of two walls (right side wall and left side wall) picturing scenes of the war experience in bas relief. As one approaches on the left (toward the Pacific arch), the scenes begin with soon-to-be servicemen getting physical exams, taking the oath, and being issued military gear. The reliefs progress through several iconic scenes, including combat and burying the dead, ending in a homecoming scene. On the right-side wall (toward the Atlantic arch) there is a similar progression, but with scenes generally more typical of the European theatre. Some scenes take place in England, depicting the preparations for air and sea assaults. The last scene is of [[Elbe Day|a handshake between the American and Russian armies]] when the western and eastern fronts met in Germany.
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===Fundraising===
On September 30, 1994, President Bill Clinton appointed a 12-member Memorial Advisory Board (MAB) to advise the ABMC in picking the site, designing the memorial, and raising money to build it.<ref>{{cite web
===Picking the site===
On January 20, 1995, Colonel Kevin C. Kelley, project manager for the ABMC, organized the first meeting of the ABMC and the MAB, at which the project was discussed and initial plans made. The meeting was chaired by Commissioner F. Haydn Williams, chairman of ABMC's World War II Memorial Site and Design Committee, who would go on to guide the project through the site selection and approval process and the selection and approval of the Memorial's design. Representatives from the [[United States Commission of Fine Arts]], the [[National Capital Planning Commission]], the [[National Capital Memorial Commission]], the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]], and the National Park Service attended the meeting. The selection of an appropriate site was taken on as the first action.
Over the next months, several sites were considered. Soon, 3 quickly gained favor:<ref>{{cite news |title=Site-seeking at the Mall: Placing World War II memorial in the grand scheme of things |author=Forgey, Benjamin |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=C1 |date=July 1, 1995}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=No Accord on WWII Memorial; Two Agencies Send Mixed Signals About Location |author=Forgey, Benjamin |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=B3 |date=July 28, 1995}}</ref>
* [[United States Capitol|U.S. Capitol]] [[Capitol Reflection Pool|Reflection Pool]] area – between 3rd Street and the [[Ulysses S. Grant Memorial]]
* [[Constitution Gardens]] – east end, between [[Constitution Avenue]] and the [[Rainbow Pool]]
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The selection of the Rainbow Pool site was announced on October 5, 1995. The design would incorporate the Rainbow Pool fountain, located across 17th Street from the Washington Monument and near the Constitution Gardens site.<ref>{{cite news |title=WWII Memorial Gets Choice Mall Site; 2nd Panel Approves Location, Clearing Way for Design Phase |author=Forgey, Benjamin |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=B1 |date=October 6, 1995}}</ref>
The location, between the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial, is the most prominent spot for a monument on the National Mall since the Lincoln Memorial opened in 1922. It is the first addition in more than 70 years to the grand corridor of open space that stretches from the Capitol {{convert|2.1|mi|km}} west to the Potomac River.<ref>{{cite web |url=
===Designing the memorial===
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Ground was broken in November 2000. The construction was managed by [[General Services Administration]].
New England Stone Industries of Rhode Island was hired by the general contractor to fabricate the stone; it worked closely with St. Florian and the ABMC throughout the process.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} The triumphal arches were sub-contracted to and crafted by [[Rock of Ages Corporation]]. Sculptor [[Raymond Kaskey]] created the bronze eagles and two wreaths that were installed under the arches, as well as 24 bronze [[bas-relief]] panels that depict wartime scenes of combat and the home front.<ref>[http://www.carnegiemellontoday.com/article.asp?Aid=83 WWII Memorial: The “High Point” of Raymond Kaskey’s Career – Carnegie Mellon Today<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407152929/http://www.carnegiemellontoday.com/article.asp?Aid=83 |date=April 7, 2008 }}</ref> The bronzes were cast over the course of two and a half years at [[Laran Bronze]] in [[Chester, Pennsylvania]].<ref name="knol">{{cite web |url=http://knol.google.com/k/stephen-r-brown/wwii-memorial/3g98ta32adgw9/2?locale=en# |title=WWII Memorial|access-date=September 9, 2009}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The stainless-steel armature that holds up the eagles and wreaths was designed at Laran, in part by sculptor [[James Peniston]],<ref name="peniston">{{cite web |url=http://www.jepsculpture.com/bio.shtml |title=James Peniston Sculpture: Bio |access-date=September 9, 2008 |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725132921/http://www.jepsculpture.com/bio.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> and fabricated by Apex Piping of [[Newport, Delaware]].<ref name="folklife">{{cite web |url=http://www.folklife.si.edu/national-wwii-reunion/building-the-memorial/smithsonian |title=Building the Memorial |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |work=Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage |access-date=June 22, 2016 |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624052900/http://www.folklife.si.edu/national-wwii-reunion/building-the-memorial/smithsonian |url-status=live }}</ref> The twin bronze
[[The John Stevens Shop]] designed the lettering for the memorial and most of the inscriptions were hand-carved ''in situ''.
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<gallery caption="The memorial under construction" mode="packed" heights="180">
Image:Washington Monument August 2002 02.jpg|August 2002
Image:
Image:WWII memorial under construction 20030406 105243.jpg|April 2003
Image:Wwii memorial construction 1.677.jpg|January 2004
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===Criticism of the location===
Critics such as the National Coalition to Save Our Mall opposed the location of the memorial. A major criticism of the location was that it would interrupt what had been an unbroken view between the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. The memorial was also criticized for taking up open space that had been historically used for major [[Demonstration (people)|demonstrations]] and [[protest]]s.<ref name="wapo-bush">{{cite news |first1=Linda |last1=Wheeler |first2=Spencer S. |last2=Hsu |title=Bush Backs War Memorial |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |via=nationalmallcoalition.org |date=May 17, 2001 |url=https://www.nationalmallcoalition.org/2001/05/bush-backs-war-memorial-the-washington-post/ |access-date=November 5, 2019 |archive-date=November 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105221349/https://www.nationalmallcoalition.org/2001/05/bush-backs-war-memorial-the-washington-post/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="wapo-fisher">{{cite news |last=Fisher |first=Marc |title=A Memorial That Doesn't Measure Up |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 4, 2004 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A64436-2004May3.html |access-date=November 5, 2011 |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928053628/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A64436-2004May3.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.savethemall.org/wwii/index.html |title=The World War II Memorial Defaces a National Treasure |access-date=June 2, 2007 |date=January 2001 |publisher=National Coalition to Save Our Mall |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504055606/http://www.savethemall.org/wwii/index.html |archive-date=May 4, 2007}}</ref>[[File:Washington Monument View.jpg|thumb|Washington Monument View]]
Critics were particularly bothered by the expedited approval process, which is considerably lengthy most of the time.<ref>{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Van Oss |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1119095 |title=World War II Memorial |format=[[RealAudio]] |work=Weekend Edition Sunday |publisher=[[National Public Radio]] |date=February 25, 2001 |access-date=June 2, 2007 |archive-date=March 8, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308045110/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1119095 |url-status=live }}</ref> The United States Congress, worried that World War II veterans were dying before an appropriate memorial could be built, passed legislation exempting the World War II Memorial from further site and design review. Congress also dismissed pending legal challenges to the memorial.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Killian |title=Senate OKs WWII Memorial |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |url=http://www.savethemall.org/media/senateok.html |date=May 22, 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928120323/http://www.savethemall.org/media/senateok.html |archive-date=September 28, 2007}}</ref>
===Criticism of the design and style===
There were also aesthetic objections to the design. A critic from the ''[[Boston Herald]]'' described the monument as "vainglorious, demanding of attention and full of trite imagery."<ref>{{cite news |first=Thomas M. Jr. |last=Keane |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/655430941.html?did=655430941&FMT=ABS&FMTS=FT&date=Jun+25%2C+2004&author=THOMAS+M.+KEANE+JR.&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=Op-Ed%3B+WW+II+Memorial+fails+both+past%2C+present |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131155439/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/655430941.html?did=655430941&FMT=ABS&FMTS=FT&date=Jun+25,+2004&author=THOMAS+M.+KEANE+JR.&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=Op-Ed;+WW+II+Memorial+fails+both+past,+present |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 31, 2013 |title=WWII Memorial fails both past, present |work=[[Boston Herald]] |page=27 |date=June 25, 2004}}</ref>
''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' argued that "this pompous style was also favored by [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] and [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]]"<ref>{{cite news |first=Inga |last=Saffron |authorlink=Inga Saffron |title=Monument to Democracy, The National World War II Memorial deserves its prominent location in Washington, as a tribute to heroes and a great cause |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |page=E01 |date=May 28, 2004}}</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'' described it as "overbearing", "bombastic", and a "hodgepodge of cliche and Soviet-style pomposity" with "the emotional impact of a slab of granite".<ref name="wp2004">{{cite news |last=Fisher |first=Marc |
The design unveiled by
===FDR's D-Day prayer===
On May 23, 2013, Senator [[Rob Portman]] introduced the World War II Memorial Prayer Act of 2013 ({{USPL|113|123}}), which would direct the [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Secretary of the Interior]] to install at the World War II memorial a suitable plaque or an inscription with the words that President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] prayed with the United States on June 6, 1944, the morning of [[D-Day]].<ref name=1044sum>{{cite web |title=S. 1044 – Summary |url=https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/1044 |publisher=United States Congress |access-date=June 23, 2014 |archive-date=July 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716104425/https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/1044/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The bill was opposed by the [[American Civil Liberties Union]], the [[American Jewish Committee]], [[Americans United for Separation of Church and State]], the [[Hindu American Foundation]], and the [[Interfaith Alliance]].<ref name=ACLUletteropposed>{{cite web |title=Letter to Chairman Udall and Ranking Member Portman |url=https://www.aclu.org/files/assets/2013-07-29_-_joint_letter_re_s1044.pdf |publisher=American Civil Liberties Union |access-date=June 23, 2014 |date=July 29, 2013 |archive-date=August 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813165530/http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/2013-07-29_-_joint_letter_re_s1044.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Together the organizations argued that the bill "endorses the false notion that all veterans will be honored by a war memorial that includes a prayer proponents characterize as reflecting our country's 'Christian heritage and values.'"<ref name="ACLUletteropposed"/> The organizations argued that "the memorial, as it currently stands, appropriately honors those who served and encompasses the entirety of the war" and was carefully created, so no additional elements, such as FDR's prayer, need to be added.<ref name="ACLUletteropposed"/> But, they said, "the effect of this bill, however, is to co-opt religion for political purposes, which harms the beliefs of everyone."<ref name="ACLUletteropposed"/> The bill was signed into law on June 30, 2014,<ref name=1044allactions>{{cite web |title=S. 1044 – All Actions |url=https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/1044/all-actions |publisher=United States Congress |access-date=June 23, 2014 |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714115836/https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/1044/all-actions |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Commission of Fine Arts preferred a design at the Circle of Remembrance to the northwest of the memorial.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2017 |title=Project Synopsis July 2017 |url=https://www.ncpc.gov/files/projects/2017/7727_Project_Synopsis_Jul2017.pdf |access-date=November 21, 2017 |publisher=National Capital Planning Commission |archive-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205182409/https://www.ncpc.gov/files/projects/2017/7727_Project_Synopsis_Jul2017.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> With funding secured, it was initially intended to be dedicated on June 6, 2022,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ruane |first=Michael E. |title=FDR's moving fireside D-Day prayer to be added to World War II Memorial |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/10/15/fdr-dday-fireside-chat-prayer/ |access-date=2021-03-13 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=November 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128233854/https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/10/15/fdr-dday-fireside-chat-prayer/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but was instead opened a year later on June 6, 2023 on the 79th anniversary of the Normandy landings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gromelski |first=Joe |date=June 6, 2023 |title=
==Gallery==
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Image:World War 2 Memorial.jpg|Each of the 4,048 gold stars represents 100 Americans who died during the war
Image:Pacific_Arch_WWII_Mem.jpg|The Pacific Arch (Atlantic Arch in the background)
Image:World War II Memorial Pacific-Bas Reliefs Navy In Action.jpg|World War II Memorial Pacific-Bas Reliefs Navy In Action
Image:Atlantic_Arch_WWII_Mem.jpg|The Atlantic Arch
Image:View of the World War II Memorial in Washington, D.C. from the "Atlantic" arch of the memorial..jpg|View of the World War II Memorial in Washington, D.C. from the
Image:USA-World War II Memorial0.jpg|World War II Memorial (2013)
National World War II Memorial drained for maintenance, 1 February 2024.jpg|World War II Memorial in February 2024 with the fountain drained for maintenance, looking towards the Atlantic Arch
Image:WW2Memorial.JPG|Panoramic view at night, [[Washington Monument]] in the background
</gallery>
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180424170022/http://www.nationalmall.org/explore-national-mall/monuments-memorials/world-war-ii-memorial Trust for the National Mall: World War II Memorial]
* [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/ww2/ White House dedication]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080626064718/http://www.dcpages.com/gallery/World_War_II_Memorial_Opening/ World War II Memorial Gallery]
{{Washington DC landmarks}}
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[[Category:National Mall]]
[[Category:National Mall and Memorial Parks]]
[[Category:National
[[Category:World War II memorials in the United States]]
[[Category:Washington, D.C., in World War II]]
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