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{{Redirect2|2012 Olympics|London 2012|the Summer Paralympics|2012 Summer Paralympics|the Winter Youth Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria|2012 Winter Youth Olympics|the video game|London 2012 (video game){{!}}''London 2012'' (video game)}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=
{{Use British English|date=August 2012}} <!-- without Oxford commas -->
{{Infobox Olympic games|2012|Summer|Olympics|
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|caption = Emblem of the 2012 Summer Olympics; other colour variants are shown [[#Logo_and_graphics|below]]
|alt = Four abstract shapes placed in a quadrant formation, spelling out "2012". The word "London" is written in the shape representing the "2", while the Olympic rings are placed in the shape representing the "0".
|host_city = [[London]]
|motto = ''Inspire a Generation''
|nations = 204+2 (including 2 [[Independent Olympic Athletes at the 2012 Summer Olympics|IOA]] teams)
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|winter_prev = [[2010 Winter Olympics|Vancouver 2010]]
|winter_next = [[2014 Winter Olympics|Sochi 2014]]
|closed_by=[[Jacques Rogge]]<br />{{small|[[President of the International Olympic Committee]]}}}}
{{2012 Summer Olympics}}
The '''2012 Summer Olympics''', officially the '''Games of the XXX Olympiad'''{{efn|The IOC numbers the Olympiads using [[Roman numerals]].}} and also known as '''London 2012''', were an international [[multi-sport event]] held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in [[London]], England, United Kingdom. The first event, the [[group stage]] in [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|women's football]], began on 25 July at the [[Millennium Stadium]] in [[Cardiff]], Wales, followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/london/index_uk.asp|publisher=International Olympic Committee|website=olympic.org|title=London 2012|access-date=3 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801100305/http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/london/index_uk.asp|archive-date=1 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/2012/schedule-results/list/football/20120725|title=Olympics Schedule & Results – Wednesday 25 July, Football|work=BBC Sport|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111234444/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/2012/schedule-results/list/football/20120725|archive-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> There were 10,518 athletes from 206 [[National Olympic Committee]]s (NOCs) who participated in the 2012 Olympics.<ref name=athletecount/>
Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion [[Sebastian Coe]] and the then-[[Mayor of London|London mayor]] [[Ken Livingstone]], London was selected as the host city at the [[117th IOC Session]] in [[Singapore]] on 6 July 2005, defeating bids from [[Moscow]], [[New York City]], [[Madrid]], and [[Paris]].<ref name="Election">{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Olympic-Games/All-Future-Olympic-Games/Summer/London-2012|title=London 2012: Election|website=olympic.org|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=2 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005010107/http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Olympic-Games/All-Future-Olympic-Games/Summer/London-2012|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> London became the first city to host the modern Olympics
The [[United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics|United States]] topped the [[2012 Summer Olympics medal table|medal table]], winning the most gold medals (
The Games received considerable praise for their organisation, with the volunteers, the British military and public enthusiasm commended particularly highly.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19233495|work=BBC News|title=London 2012: IOC chief Jacques Rogge 'very happy' with Games|date=12 August 2012|access-date=14 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813101505/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19233495|archive-date=13 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/london-2012-olympics-blog/2012/aug/12/has-olympics-changed-london-2012|title=Has the Olympics changed London?|work=The Guardian (London 2012 Olympics blog)|date=12 August 2012|access-date=14 August 2012|first=Hannah|last=Waldram|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193544/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/london-2012-olympics-blog/2012/aug/12/has-olympics-changed-london-2012|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Scanlan|first=Wayne|date=10 August 2012|url=https://calgaryherald.com/sports/2012-summer-games/Buoyed+record+medal+haul+suprisingly+sunny/7072134/story.html|title=Buoyed by a record medal haul – and surprisingly sunny skies – the British have embraced the Olympics, turning out to live sites in droves to cheer on Team GB|newspaper=Calgary Herald|location=London|access-date=14 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816063024/https://calgaryherald.com/sports/2012-summer-games/Buoyed+record+medal+haul+suprisingly+sunny/7072134/story.html|archive-date=16 August 2012}}</ref> The Games were described as "[[God Save the King|happy and glorious]]".<ref name=":1" /> The [[2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|opening ceremony]], directed by Academy Award winner [[Danny Boyle]], received widespread acclaim.<ref
==Bidding process==
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On 6 July 2005, the final selection was announced at the 117th IOC Session in [[Singapore]]. Moscow was the first city to be eliminated, followed by New York and Madrid. The final two contenders were London and Paris. At the end of the fourth round of voting, London won the right to host the 2012 Games with 54 votes to 50.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/4655555.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=London beats Paris to 2012 Games|date=6 July 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725072233/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/4655555.stm|archive-date=25 July 2017}}</ref>
The celebrations in London were short-lived, being overshadowed by [[7 July 2005 London bombings|bombings on London's transport system]] less than 24 hours after the announcement.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/sep/02/london.Olympics2012|title=The party that never was: capital marks the games at last|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=6 July 2005|access-date=22 August 2008|first=Andrew|last=Culf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002091306/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/sep/02/london.Olympics2012|archive-date=2 October 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> 12 years later, Paris would later be chosen as the host of the [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 games]] in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2017 |title=IOC makes historic decision by simultaneously awarding Olympic Games 2024 to Paris and 2028 to Los Angeles |url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-makes-historic-decision-by-simultaneously-awarding-olympic-games-2024-to-paris-and-2028-to-los-angeles |access-date=26 August 2024 |website=Olympics}}</ref>
{|class=wikitable
|+ '''2012 host city election – ballot results'''
|-
! rowspan=2 | City
! rowspan=2 | Country
|-
! style="background:silver;"| 1
|[[London]]||{{flag|Great Britain}}||'''22'''||27||'''39'''||'''54'''▼
! style="background:silver;"| 2
! style="background:silver;"| 3
! style="background:silver;"| 4
|-
▲|'''[[London]]'''||'''{{flag|Great Britain}}'''||'''22'''||27||'''39'''||'''54'''
|-
|[[Paris]]||{{flag|France}}||21||25||33||50
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|}
==Development and
{{Main|2012 Summer Olympic development}}
The [[London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games|London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games]] (LOCOG) was created to oversee the staging of the Games, and held its first board meeting on 3 October 2005.<ref name="temp board">{{cite press release|url=http://www.lda.gov.uk/news-and-events/media-centre/press-releases/2005/locog-formally-established-at-first-meeting-of-london-2012-transition-board.aspx|title=LOCOG formally established at first meeting of London 2012 Transition Board|work=London Development Agency|date=3 October 2005|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119122828/http://www.lda.gov.uk/news-and-events/media-centre/press-releases/2005/locog-formally-established-at-first-meeting-of-london-2012-transition-board.aspx|archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref> The committee, chaired by [[Sebastian Coe|Lord Coe]], was in charge of implementing and staging the Games, while the [[Olympic Delivery Authority]] (ODA), established in April 2006, was in charge of construction of the venues and infrastructure.<ref name="temp board"/><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.london2012.com/news/2006/07/lemley-chairs-first-oda-board-meeting.php|title=Lemley chairs first ODA board meeting|publisher=London 2012|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227155513/https://www.london2012.com/news/2006/07/lemley-chairs-first-oda-board-meeting.php|archive-date=27 February 2012}}</ref>
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[[File:St Pancras railway station MMB 31 395018.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Olympic Javelin]] high-speed service ran between [[St Pancras railway station|St Pancras]] and [[Ebbsfleet International railway station|Ebbsfleet]], via [[Stratford International station|Stratford]].]]
IOC's initial evaluation felt that, if transport improvements were delivered in time for the Games, London would cope.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Host_city_elections/2012_OG-Report_of_the_Evaluation_Commission.pdf|title=Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012|publisher=Olympic.org|access-date=23 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803071036/http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Host_city_elections/2012_OG-Report_of_the_Evaluation_Commission.pdf|archive-date=3 August 2012}}</ref> [[Transport for London]] (TfL) carried out numerous improvements in preparation for 2012, including the expansion of the [[London Overground]]'s [[East London Line]], upgrades to the [[Docklands Light Railway]] and the [[North London Line]], and the introduction of a new "[[Olympic Javelin|Javelin]]" high-speed rail service.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/kent/3957867.stm|work=BBC News|title=High-speed rail links confirmed|date=27 October 2004|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215114217/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/kent/3957867.stm|archive-date=15 February 2009}}</ref> According to Network Rail, an additional 4,000 train services operated during the Games, and train operators ran longer trains during the day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-13534021|work=BBC News|title=Extra trains planned for visitors to London 2012 venues|date=25 May 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319063640/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-13534021|archive-date=19 March 2012}}</ref> During the Games, [[Stratford International station]] was not served by any international services (just as it had not been before the Games),<ref name=bbc-stratford-int>{{cite news|title=Eurostar 'will not stop' at Stratford International|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10154343|access-date=24 July 2012|work=BBC News|date=25 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303051015/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10154343|archive-date=3 March 2013}}</ref> westbound trains did not stop at [[Hackney Wick railway station]],<ref name=tfl-hackney>{{cite web|title=Hackney Wick|url=http://www.getaheadofthegames.com/travelinaffectedareas/city/transport/publictransportoverlay/hackneywick.html|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120719155804/http://www.getaheadofthegames.com/travelinaffectedareas/city/transport/publictransportoverlay/hackneywick.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 July 2012|work=Get Ahead of the Games|publisher=Transport for London|access-date=24 July 2012}}</ref> and [[Pudding Mill Lane DLR station]] closed entirely during the Games.<ref name=tfl-pudding>{{cite web|title=Pudding Mill Lane|url=http://www.getaheadofthegames.com/travelinaffectedareas/city/transport/publictransportoverlay/439.html|work=Get Ahead of the Games|publisher=Transport for London|access-date=24 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723070306/http://www.getaheadofthegames.com/travelinaffectedareas/city/transport/publictransportoverlay/439.html|archive-date=23 July 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Emirates Air Line above Royal Victoria Dock - geograph.org.uk - 4709077.jpg|thumb|The [[
TfL also built a £25 million [[Aerial lift|cable car]] across the [[River Thames]], called the [[
The plan was to have 80% of athletes travel less than 20 minutes to their event<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmtran/588/588i.pdf|title=Going for Gold: Transport for London's 2012 Olympic Games|publisher=House of Commons Transport Committee|date=8 March 2006|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125061150/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmtran/588/588i.pdf|archive-date=25 November 2011}}</ref> and 93% of them within 30 minutes of their event.<ref name="transport">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/london_2012/4025027.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=London plan at-a-glance|date=6 July 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209004335/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/london_2012/4025027.stm|archive-date=9 December 2008}}</ref> The Olympic Park would be served by ten separate railway lines with a combined capacity of 240,000 passengers per hour.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3866209.stm|work=BBC News|title=Free travel plan for Olympic bid|date=5 July 2004|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302113322/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3866209.stm|archive-date=2 March 2009}}</ref> In addition, LOCOG planned for 90% of the venues to be served by three or more types of public transport.<ref name="transport"/> Two park-and-ride sites off the [[M25 motorway|M25]] with a combined capacity of 12,000 cars were 25 minutes away from the Olympic Park. Another park-and-ride site was planned in [[Ebbsfleet Valley|Ebbsfleet]] with a capacity for 9,000 cars where spectators could board a 10-minute shuttle train service.<ref name="transport"/> To get spectators to [[Eton Dorney]], four park-and-ride schemes were set up.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-14911974|title=Olympics 2012: Park and ride schemes for Dorney Lake events|work=BBC News|date=14 September 2011|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026054930/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-14911974|archive-date=26 October 2011}}</ref> These Park and Ride services were operated by [[First Travel Solutions|First Games Transport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/8516359.stm|title=FirstGroup wins Olympics bus contract|date=15 February 2010|work=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218202247/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/8516359.stm|archive-date=18 February 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>
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===Cost and financing===
A study from Oxford University found that the sports-related costs of London 2012 amounted to US$15 billion, compared with $4.6 billion for Rio 2016, $40–44 billion for Beijing 2008, and $51 billion for Sochi 2014 (the most expensive Olympics in history). London 2012 went over budget by 76% in real terms, measured from bid to completion. The cost per athlete was $1.4 million.<ref>{{Cite book|ssrn=2804554|title=The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games|last1=Flyvbjerg|first1=Bent|last2=Stewart|first2=Allison|last3=Budzier|first3=Alexander|publisher=Saïd Business School, University of Oxford|year=2016|doi=10.2139/ssrn.2804554 |arxiv=1607.04484 |s2cid=156794182 |issn = 1556-5068 }}</ref> This does not include wider costs for urban and transport infrastructure, which often equal or exceed the sports-related costs.
The costs of staging the Games were separate from those for building the venues and infrastructure and redeveloping the land for the Olympic Park. While the Games were privately funded, the venues and infrastructure were largely financed using public money.
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===Medals===
[[File:USA London 2012 Silver Medal Front.jpg|thumb|246x246px|Front of the Silver Medal won by the USA.]]
Approximately 4,700<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalmint.com/Corporate/media/London-2012-Olympic-games-victory-medals.aspx|title=London 2012 Olympic Games victory medals to be made by the Royal Mint|publisher=Royalmint.com|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025002237/http://www.royalmint.com/Corporate/media/London-2012-Olympic-games-victory-medals.aspx|archive-date=25 October 2011}}</ref> [[Olympic medal|Olympic and Paralympic medals]] were produced by the [[Royal Mint]] at [[Llantrisant]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-11989437|work=BBC News|title=London 2012 medals deal struck for Royal Mint in Llantrisant|date=14 December 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223050218/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-11989437|archive-date=23 February 2012}}</ref> They were designed by [[David Watkins (designer)|David Watkins]] (Olympics) and Lin Cheung (Paralympics).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-15475942|work=BBC News|title=London 2012: Olympic medals go into production in Wales|date=27 October 2011|access-date=4 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228155844/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-15475942|archive-date=28 December 2011}}</ref> 99% of the gold, silver and copper was donated by Rio Tinto from a mine in [[Salt Lake County, Utah]] in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=20827055 |first1= John |last1=Hollenhorst | date=June 13, 2012 |title=Kennecott donating $7.3 million in gold, silver, bronze for Olympics|publisher=KSL.com|access-date=25 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624071037/http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=20827055|archive-date=24 June 2012}}</ref> The remaining 1% came from a [[Mongolia]]n mine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sg.news.yahoo.com/mongolia-goes-gold-london-medals-192955303--finance.html|title=Mongolia goes for gold with London medals – Yahoo! News Singapore|publisher=Sg.news.yahoo.com|date=18 July 2012|access-date=28 October 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024195417/http://sg.news.yahoo.com/mongolia-goes-gold-london-medals-192955303--finance.html|archive-date=24 October 2012}}</ref> Each medal weighs {{convert|375|–|400|g|oz|abbr=on}}, has a diameter of {{convert|85|mm|in|abbr=on}} and is {{convert|7|mm|in|abbr=on}} thick, with the sport and discipline engraved on the rim.<ref name=storage>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18677289|work=BBC News|title=London 2012: Olympic medals locked in Tower|date=2 July 2012|access-date=4 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704142244/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18677289|archive-date=4 July 2012}}</ref> The obverse, as is traditional, features [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]], the Greek goddess of victory, stepping from the [[Panathinaiko Stadium]] that hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, with Parthenon in the background; the reverse features the Games logo, the [[River Thames]] and a series of lines representing "the energy of athletes and a sense of pulling together".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14291544|work=BBC News|title=London 2012: Olympic medals timeline|date=26 July 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727171350/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14291544|archive-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> The medals were transferred to the Tower of London vaults on 2 July 2012 for storage.<ref name=storage/>
Each gold medal is 92.5 percent silver and 1.34 percent gold, with the remainder copper. The silver medal is 92.5 percent silver, with the remainder copper. The bronze medal is made up of 97 percent copper, 2.5 percent zinc, and 0.5 per cent tin.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonydemarco/2012/07/26/a-closer-look-at-the-olympic-gold-medal/|work=Forbes|title=London's Olympic Gold Medal Worth The Most In The History Of The Games|date=26 July 2012|access-date=30 July 2012|first=Anthony|last=DeMarco|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729232146/http://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonydemarco/2012/07/26/a-closer-look-at-the-olympic-gold-medal/|archive-date=29 July 2012}}</ref> The value of the materials in the gold medal was about £410 (US$644), the silver about £210 (US$330), and the bronze about £3 (US$4.71) as of 30 July 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://olympics.yardbarker.com/blog/olympics/article/how_much_is_a_medal_actually_worth_not_as_much_as_youd_think/11334214|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731232433/http://olympics.yardbarker.com/blog/olympics/article/how_much_is_a_medal_actually_worth_not_as_much_as_youd_think/11334214|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2012|work=Yardbarker.com|title=How much is a medal actually worth? Not as much as you'd think|date=30 July 2012}}</ref>
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The Olympics torch relay ran from 19 May to 27 July 2012, before the Games. Plans for the relay were developed in 2010–11, with the torch-bearer selection process announced on 18 May 2011.<ref name="Torch relay">{{cite news|date=17 May 2011|title=London 2012 torch relay should focus on youth|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/8518637/London-2012-Olympics-torch-relay-should-focus-on-youth-says-Locog.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|access-date=17 May 2011|first=Jacquelin|last=Magnay|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521045410/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/8518637/London-2012-Olympics-torch-relay-should-focus-on-youth-says-Locog.html|archive-date=21 May 2011}}</ref> The torch was designed by [[Barber & Osgerby|Edward Barber and Jay Osgerby]].
On 18 May 2012 the [[Olympic flame]] arrived at [[RNAS Culdrose]] in [[Cornwall]] from Greece<ref name="Olympic Torch Dates">{{cite web|date=18 May 2011|title=The Olympic Torch Relay|url=http://www.london2012.com/olympic-torch-relay|publisher=[[
The relay focused on National Heritage Sites, locations with sporting significance, key sporting events, schools registered with the Get Set School Network, green spaces and biodiversity, Live Sites (city locations with large screens), and festivals and other events.<ref>{{cite web|title=London Culture and 2012 Open Meeting|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/lcsg/docs/openmeetings/20091102/presentation3.pdf|publisher=Greater London Authority|access-date=19 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030062212/http://london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/lcsg/docs/openmeetings/20091102/presentation3.pdf|archive-date=30 October 2012}}</ref> [[Dumfries and Galloway]] was the only Region in the whole of the United Kingdom that had the Olympic Torch pass through it twice. A group of young athletes, nominated by retired Olympic athletes, ran the torch around the stadium. These torchbearers were [[Callum Airlie]], [[Jordan Duckitt]], [[Desiree Henry]], [[Katie Kirk]], [[Cameron MacRitchie]], Aidan Reynolds, and [[Adelle Tracey]]. Together the torchbearers each lit a petal that spread the fire to the 204 petals of the [[2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics cauldron|cauldron]], representing the countries that participated in the Games.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Urquhart|first1=Conal|title=Olympic Torchbearers who lit cauldron kept it secret from parents.|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk|access-date=8 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=28 July 2012|first2=Lizzy|last2=Davies|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214064224/http://www.guardian.co.uk/|archive-date=14 February 2012}}</ref> The cauldron was designed by [[Thomas Heatherwick]].
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{{main|2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|2012 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations}}
[[File:KOCIS Korea London Olympics TeamKorea 12 (7683500856).jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the opening ceremony]]
Titled "The Isles of Wonder", the opening ceremony began at 21:00 [[British Summer Time]] ([[UTC]]+1) on 27 July in the Olympic Stadium.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.oup.com/2012/08/isles-of-wonder-bermuda-avalon-london-2012/|title=London 2012 Olympics opening ceremony called 'The Isles of Wonder'|date=27 January 2012|publisher=Olympics Medal Tally|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120813181608/http://blog.oup.com/2012/08/isles-of-wonder-bermuda-avalon-london-2012/|archive-date=13 August 2012}}</ref> Oscar-winning director [[Danny Boyle]] was artistic director and [[Rick Smith (Underworld)|Rick Smith]] of [[Underworld (band)|Underworld]] was musical director.<ref>{{cite web|title=Underworld announced as Music Directors for the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympic Games|url=http://www.underworldlive.com/news/underworld-announced-as-music-directors-for-the-opening-ceremony-of-the-2012-london-olympic-games|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121216134401/http://www.underworldlive.com/news/underworld-announced-as-music-directors-for-the-opening-ceremony-of-the-2012-london-olympic-games|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 December 2012|date=n.d.|publisher=Underworld}}</ref> The opening ceremony was immediately seen as a tremendous success, widely praised as a "masterpiece" and "a love letter to Britain".<ref name="Dawson">{{cite web |last=Dawson |first=Andy |date=28 July 2012 |title=Boyle Command Performance is hampered by not-so-clever Trevor |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-reviews/bbcs-trevor-nelson-stumbles-but-danny-1177361 |access-date=31 July 2012 |work=Daily Mirror}}</ref><ref name="Goldsmith">{{cite news |last1=Goldsmith |first1=Harvey |last2=Phillips |first2=Arlene |last3=Quantick |first3=David |last4=Brown |first4=Mick |last5=Beard |first5=Mary |date=29 July 2012 |title=London 2012: the experts' view of the Olympic opening ceremony |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9434563/London-2012-the-experts-view-of-the-Olympic-opening-ceremony.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 August 2012 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9434563/London-2012-the-experts-view-of-the-Olympic-opening-ceremony.html |archive-date=12 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The principal sections of the artistic display represented Britain's [[Industrial Revolution]], [[National Health Service]], literary heritage, popular music and [[Culture of the United Kingdom|culture]], and were noted for their vibrant [[storytelling]] and use of music.
The Games were officially opened by [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]], accompanied by [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19008471|title=Young athletes light London 2012 Olympic flame|work=BBC News|date=28 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728013818/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19008471|archive-date=28 July 2012}}</ref> This was the second Olympic Games opened personally by the Queen, the first being in [[1976 Summer Olympics|1976]] in [[Montreal]], Canada. The ceremony featured a short comic film starring [[Daniel Craig]] as secret agent [[portrayal of James Bond in film|James Bond]] and the Queen as herself.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/apr/02/london-2012-daniel-craig-olympics-bond|date=2 April 2012|title=London 2012: Daniel Craig to open Olympics as James Bond|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=2 April 2012|last=Child|first=Ben|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193629/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/apr/02/london-2012-daniel-craig-olympics-bond|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref> There was also a musical comedy item starring [[Rowan Atkinson]] as [[Mr. Bean (character)|Mr. Bean]] playing along with the [[London Symphony Orchestra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.classicfm.com/artists/london-symphony-orchestra/rowan-atkinson-chariots-of-fire-sketch-2012-olympics/ |title=The iconic time Mr Bean played 'Chariots of Fire' with London Symphony Orchestra at the 2012 Olympics |last=Shaw Roberts |first=Maddy |work=[[Classic FM (UK)|Classic FM]] |date=4 August 2021 |access-date=27 June 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919234352/https://www.classicfm.com/artists/london-symphony-orchestra/rowan-atkinson-chariots-of-fire-sketch-2012-olympics/ |archive-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> These were widely ascribed to [[British humour|Britain's sense of humour]].<ref>{{cite web |date=28 July 2012 |title=A "noisy, busy, witty, dizzying production": What the world thought of London 2012's opening ceremony |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/london-2012-what-the-world-thought-1178468 |access-date=22 August 2012 |work=Daily Mirror}}</ref>
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===Closing ceremony===
{{main|2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony|2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony flag bearers}}
The closing ceremony was held on 12 August. It featured a flashback fiesta to [[Music of the United Kingdom|British music]] with [[The Who]] closing the performance. The ceremony also included a handover of the [[Olympic symbols#Seoul flag|Olympic flag]] by [[Boris Johnson]], [[Mayor of London]], to [[Eduardo Paes]], [[Mayor of Rio de Janeiro]], the host city of the [[2016 Summer Olympics]].<ref name=Closing>{{cite web|title=Closing Ceremony|url=http://www.london2012.com/spectators/ceremonies/closing-ceremony/|publisher=London 2012|access-date=20 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718061942/http://www.london2012.com/spectators/ceremonies/closing-ceremony/|archive-date=18 July 2012}}</ref>
==The Games==
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|Trinidad & Tobago||[[Tricycle Theatre]]
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Women's boxing was included in the programme for the first time, and 36 women competed in three weight classes. There was a [[Gun politics in the United Kingdom#The 2012 Olympics|special dispensation]] for the shooting events, which would otherwise have been illegal under [[Firearms (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1997|UK gun law]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Fraser|first=Andrew|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/4162498.stm|title=Shooters seek handgun law change|date=19 August 2005|work=BBC Sport|access-date=30 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728033926/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/4162498.stm|archive-date=28 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|url=
London's bid featured the same 28 sports that had been included in other recent Summer Olympics, but the IOC voted to drop [[baseball]] and [[softball]] from the 2012 Games just two days after London had been selected as the host city. There was an appeal, but the IOC voted to uphold the decision, and the two sports were scheduled to be discontinued after their last appearance at the [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Olympics]].<ref name=SportsDropped>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2005-07-08-baseball-softball-dropped_x.htm|title=Baseball, softball bumped from Olympics|first=Vicki|last=Michaelis|access-date=17 August 2008|date=8 July 2005|work=USA Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709024822/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2005-07-08-baseball-softball-dropped_x.htm|archive-date=9 July 2008}}</ref> The IOC then voted on whether or not to replace them; [[karate]], [[squash (sport)|squash]], [[golf]], [[roller sports]] and [[rugby sevens]] were considered. Karate and squash were the two final nominees, but neither received enough votes to reach the required two-thirds majority.<ref name=SportsDropped/>
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[[File:Mo Farah and Usain Bolt 2012 Olympics (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|[[Mo Farah]] (left) with [[Usain Bolt]] (right), demonstrating one another's famous gestures (the "Lightning Bolt" and "Mobot")]]
{{main|World and Olympic records set at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
These Olympic Games resulted in 32 world records in eight sports. The largest number of records were set in swimming, at eight. China, Great Britain and the United States set the most records,
== Medal table ==
{{Main|2012 Summer Olympics medal table}}
{{Further|List of 2012 Summer Olympics medal winners}}
A total of 85 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) won medals, 54 of those countries winning at least one gold medal. Seven NOCs won their first ever Olympic medal: [[Bahrain at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Bahrain]] (gold),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/london-2012/results/athletics/1500m-women |title=London 2012, Athletics, 1500m Women, Results |date=7 March 2019 |website=olympics.com |access-date=28 October 2017 |archive-date=18 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518015822/http://www.olympic.org/olympic-results/london-2012/athletics/1500m-w |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Botswana at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Botswana]] (silver),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Beaumont|first=Mark|date=4 February 2014|title=Queen's Baton Relay: Nijel Amos, building on Olympic success|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-queens-baton-relay-26035470|access-date=13 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411000739/http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-queens-baton-relay-26035470|archive-date=11 April 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cyprus at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Cyprus]] (silver),<ref>{{cite web|title=Cyprus celebrates first Olympic medal as Kontides claims silver|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/cyprus-celebrates-first-olympic-medal-as-kontides-claims-silver|website=olympics.com|access-date=29 June 2023|date=31 March 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103140820/https://olympics.com/en/news/cyprus-celebrates-first-olympic-medal-as-kontides-claims-silver|archive-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> [[Gabon at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Gabon]] (silver),<ref>{{cite news|title=Molfetta wins Olympic gold in men's plus-80K|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20120811/oly-tae-men-s-over-80k/|date=11 August 2012|work=Huffington Post|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610054353/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20120811/oly-tae-men-s-over-80k/|archive-date=10 June 2013}}</ref> [[Grenada at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Grenada]] (gold),<ref>{{cite news|title=Grenada's Kirani James wins Olympic 400m gold|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18909277|work=BBC Sport|last=Fordyce|first=Tom|date=6 August 2012|access-date=9 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120809003248/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18909277|archive-date=9 August 2012}}</ref> [[Guatemala at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Guatemala]] (silver),<ref>{{cite news|title=Chen wins Olympic 20km walk, history for Guatemala|agency=Reuters|url=http://asia.eurosport.com/athletics/olympic-games-london/2012/chen-wins-20km-walk_sto3375063/story-london.shtml|work=Eurosport Asia|date=5 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806182827/http://asia.eurosport.com/athletics/olympic-games-london/2012/chen-wins-20km-walk_sto3375063/story-london.shtml|archive-date=6 August 2012 }}</ref> and [[Montenegro at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Montenegro]] (silver).<ref>{{cite news|title=Olympics handball: Norway beat Montenegro to women's gold|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18912978|work=BBC Sport|date=11 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812083720/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18912978|archive-date=12 August 2012}}</ref> The [[United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics|United States]] finished at the top of the table, winning
;Key
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==Broadcasting==
{{Main|List of 2012 Summer Olympics broadcasters}}
[[File:Here East bus (34746755072).jpg|thumb|[[Here East]], the former London Olympics Media Centre. It now accommodates campuses for [[Staffordshire University]], [[Loughborough University]] and [[University College London]] and is a location for start-up businesses.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 February 2014 |title=iCITY approved and new name revealed |url=https://news.hackney.gov.uk/icity-approved-and-new-name-revealed/ |
The host broadcaster was [[Olympic Broadcasting Services]] (OBS), an agency of the IOC. The OBS used its own cameras and crews subcontracted from other Olympic broadcasters to cover the events. The base video and audio were sold to other broadcasters, who added their own [[Sports commentary|commentary]] and presentation.
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===Motto===
The official motto for the 2012 Summer Olympics is "Inspire a generation". It was chosen to highlight the organisers' commitment to inspire the world, including younger generations, to get involved in sporting events through the Games' legacy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9210790/London-2012-Olympics-Inspire-a-Generation-unveiled-as-official-slogan-for-Games.html|title=London 2012 Olympics: 'Inspire a Generation' unveiled as official slogan for Games|date=18 April 2012 |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227124347/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9210790/London-2012-Olympics-Inspire-a-Generation-unveiled-as-official-slogan-for-Games.html|archive-date=27 December 2017}}</ref> A secondary motto of "Be part of it" was also used throughout marketing.
===Logo and graphics===
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{{Wide image|2012 Summer Olympics logos.svg|640px|The [[2012 Summer Paralympics|Paralympics]] logo (far left) and the different official colour combinations for the [[Wolff Olins]] main logo design}}
Public reaction to the main logo in a June 2007 BBC poll was
=== Colours ===
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===Mascots===
{{Main|Wenlock and Mandeville}}
The [[List of Olympic mascots|official mascots]] for the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympic Games were unveiled on 19 May 2010.<ref name="BBCMascots">{{Cite news|title=London 2012 unveils Games mascots Wenlock & Mandeville|work=BBC Sport|date=19 May 2010|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/london_2012/8690467.stm|access-date=19 May 2010|first=Gordon|last=Farquhar|archive-url=https://archive.today/20100522124841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/london_2012/8690467.stm|archive-date=22 May 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wenlock and Mandeville]] are animations depicting two drops of steel from a steelworks in [[Bolton]].<ref name="BBCMascots"/>
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==Controversies==
{{main|Controversies at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
During the lead-up to the Games, there were controversies over sponsorship,<ref>{{cite news|last=Carman|first=Tim|date=18 July 2012|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/mcdonalds-olympian-achievement-in-london-a-french-fry-monopoly-and-largest-fast-food-restaurant/2012/07/18/gJQAZ6tQuW_story.html|title=McDonald's Olympian achievement in London: A French fry monopoly and largest fast-food restaurant|newspaper=The Washington Post|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719175857/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/mcdonalds-olympian-achievement-in-london-a-french-fry-monopoly-and-largest-fast-food-restaurant/2012/07/18/gJQAZ6tQuW_story.html|archive-date=19 July 2017}}</ref> the athletes' use of social media, and several political issues. After a complicated lottery process, thousands of people failed to secure seats for the events they wanted, but a large number of empty seats were observed
During the Games, eight competitors in the [[Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles|badminton women's doubles]] were disqualified for "not using best efforts", when they tried to lose matches in the group stage to obtain more favourable fixtures in the knockout rounds.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-blogs/badminton/all-eight-women-disqualified-for-throwing-badminton-matches.html|title=All eight women disqualified for throwing badminton matches|date=1 August 2012|website=NBCOlympics.com|last=Harris|first=Rob|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801173250/http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-blogs/badminton/all-eight-women-disqualified-for-throwing-badminton-matches.html|archive-date=1 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/19072677|title=Olympics badminton: Eight women disqualified from doubles|work=BBC Sport|date=1 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903130250/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/19072677|archive-date=3 September 2012}}</ref> A number of results in boxing, gymnastics and judo were overturned by officials after initial decisions were appealed against.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-blogs/boxing/olympic-boxing-officials-punished-for-controversial-rulings.html|title=Boxing referee expelled from Olympics after scandal|website=NBCOlympics.com|last=Maquinana|first=Ryan|date=13 August 2011|access-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814203322/http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-blogs/boxing/olympic-boxing-officials-punished-for-controversial-rulings.html|archive-date=14 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=John|first=Emma|title=Olympics: Kristian Thomas keeps cool as Team GB grab gymnastics bronze|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/30/london-2012-great-britain-gymnastics|access-date=14 August 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=30 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193738/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/30/london-2012-great-britain-gymnastics|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j3bNS7fgOzpv5yhYWWpsIawrm3HQ?docId=CNG.174be06ad8ee4755308494817ef96f0e.a21|title=Farcical scenes in Japan-Korea judo quarter final|agency=AFP|last=Chesterman|first=Barnaby|via=google.com|date=29 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226074712/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j3bNS7fgOzpv5yhYWWpsIawrm3HQ?docId=CNG.174be06ad8ee4755308494817ef96f0e.a21|archive-date=26 February 2014}}</ref>
==Drug testing and doping violations==▼
{{main|Use of performance-enhancing drugs in the Olympic Games#2012 London}}▼
It was announced before the Summer Games that half of all the competitors would be tested for drugs, with 150 scientists set to take 6,000 samples between the start of the Games and the end of the Paralympic Games.<ref name='BBCJul15'>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18849517|title=London 2012: All medallists to be drugs tested at Olympics|work=BBC Sport|access-date=28 July 2012|date=15 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729034932/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18849517|archive-date=29 July 2012}}</ref> Every competitor who won a medal was also tested. The Olympic laboratory tested up to 400 samples every day for more than 240 prohibited substances.<ref name='BBCJul15'/
Although there were less than 10 doping violations detected during the games, in the years following many samples were retested with improved laboratory procedures. This resulted in a large number of disqualifications and rescinded medals. As of mid 2024, 44 medals have been [[List of stripped Olympic medals|stripped]] due to doping violations with around 130 total disqualifications.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/21/sports/olympics/olympics-doping-medals-stripped.html |title=Olympics History Rewritten: New Doping Tests Topple the Podium |work=The New York Times |date=21 November 2016 |first=Rebecca |last=Ruiz |access-date=27 July 2024}}</ref> In particular, almost 50 were from [[Doping in Russia|Russian athletes]]. Testing for drugs was completed by GSK (GlaxoSmithKline).<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 July 2012|title=GlaxoSmithKline celebrates its role in supporting the biggest anti-doping operation in the history of the Olympic Games|url=https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/glaxosmithkline-celebrates-its-role-in-supporting-the-biggest-anti-doping-operation-in-the-history-of-the-olympic-games/|website=GSK|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813094028/https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/glaxosmithkline-celebrates-its-role-in-supporting-the-biggest-anti-doping-operation-in-the-history-of-the-olympic-games/|url-status=live}}</ref>
▲==Drug testing==
▲{{main|Use of performance-enhancing drugs in the Olympic Games#2012 London}}
▲It was announced before the Summer Games that half of all the competitors would be tested for drugs, with 150 scientists set to take 6,000 samples between the start of the Games and the end of the Paralympic Games.<ref name='BBCJul15'>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18849517|title=London 2012: All medallists to be drugs tested at Olympics|work=BBC Sport|access-date=28 July 2012|date=15 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729034932/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18849517|archive-date=29 July 2012}}</ref> Every competitor who won a medal was also tested. The Olympic laboratory tested up to 400 samples every day for more than 240 prohibited substances.<ref name='BBCJul15'/> As of late 2022, 40 medals have been [[List of stripped Olympic medals|stripped]] due to doping violations, 17 of which were originally awarded to Russian athletes. Testing for drugs was completed by GSK (GlaxoSmithKline).<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 July 2012|title=GlaxoSmithKline celebrates its role in supporting the biggest anti-doping operation in the history of the Olympic Games|url=https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/glaxosmithkline-celebrates-its-role-in-supporting-the-biggest-anti-doping-operation-in-the-history-of-the-olympic-games/|website=GSK|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813094028/https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/glaxosmithkline-celebrates-its-role-in-supporting-the-biggest-anti-doping-operation-in-the-history-of-the-olympic-games/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== See also ==
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== Further reading ==
* {{
* {{
* {{Cite web|last=Mallon|first=Bill|title=All Olympic Doping Positives – The Count By Games|work=OlympStats|date=18 January 2019|url=https://olympstats.com/2019/01/18/all-olympic-doping-positives-the-count-by-games/}}
* Pamment, James. "'Putting the GREAT Back into Britain': National Identity, Public-Private Collaboration & Transfers of Brand Equity in 2012's Global Promotional Campaign," ''British Journal of Politics & International Relations'' (2015) 17#2 pp 260–283.
* Surowiec, Pawel. and Philip Long.
;Official reports
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==External links==
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;Official
* {{IOC games|games=2012 Summer Olympics}}
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