Presidential Administration of Russia: Difference between revisions

The '''Presidential Executive Office of Russia'''<ref name="about">{{cite web |url=http://en.kremlin.ru/structure/administration |title=About Presidential Executive Office |website=President of Russia |access-date=23 June 2019}}</ref> or the '''Presidential Administration of Russia''' ({{lang-rus|Администра́цияАдминистрация Президе́нтаПрезидента Росси́йскойРоссийской Федера́цииФедерации|Administratsiya Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii}}) is the executive office of the [[President of Russia]] created by a decree of [[Boris Yeltsin]] on 19 July 1991 as an institution supporting the activity of the president (then Yeltsin) and the vice-president (then [[Aleksandr Rutskoy]], in 1993 the position was abolished) of [[Russian SFSR]] (now [[Russian Federation]]), as well as deliberative bodies attached to the president, including the [[Security Council of the Russian Federation|Security Council]].

The [[Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office (Russia)|Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office]], his deputies, heads of main directorates and services and their deputies are appointed by the President of Russia and don'tdo not need to be approved by any other government body. Other staff are appointed by the Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office.

The [[Constitution of Russia]] states that the [[President of Russia]] forms the Presidential Administration.

On 25 March 2004, [[Vladimir Putin]] undertook a major reorganisation of this institution by a decree.<ref>Full text: {{cite news |url=http://www.rg.ru/2004/03/27/admin-dok.html |title=Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 25 марта 2004 г. N 400 Об Администрации Президента Российской Федерации |date=27 March 2004 |website=[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]] |issue=3440 |language=Russian |access-date=23 June 2019}}</ref> Only two deputy [[Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office (Russia)|chiefs]] remained out of seven. The Press Office and the Information Office were merged into the Press and Information Office, and the Pardon Directorate and the Citizenship Directorate were merged into the Directorate for Protecting Citizens' Constitutional Rights. The Personnel Directorate and the State Decorations Directorate were merged into the Personnel and State Decorations Directorate, the Protocol Directorate and the Organisation Directorate were merged into the Protocol and Organization Directorate. The Territorial Directorate was included in the Domestic Policy Directorate. The Economic Directorate was abolished, while the Civil Service Directorate was created.

The Presidential Executive Office of Russia is situated in [[Moscow]], where it holds offices in several buildings in [[Kitay-gorod]] and inside the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kremlin.ru/structure/administration/info/reception|title = Приёмная}}</ref>

Initially the Presidential Administration of Russia was conceived as kind of office of the head of state. However, since [[Putin]] came to power this public body has assumed an enhanced role. On 9 May 2000, the newspaper [[Kommersant]] had published the document called «[[Revision number Six]]», which was the reform project of Presidential Administration. Before the text of the document, [[editor-in-chief]] wrote: «the fact that such program is being developing is very important it is in itself … if this will be a reality, almost of the entire population of Russia – from politicians and governors to ordinary voters – will be under surveillance by secret services».<ref>{{cite webmagazine|urlauthor=https:<!--Staff writer(s)//wwwno by-line.kommersant.ru/doc/16875-->|titledate=09.05.20009 May 2000|title=Редакция N 6|datelanguage=9 May 2000ru|publishermagazine=[[Kommersant|Коммерсантъ-Власть]]|issue=18|page=18|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/16875}}</ref> This document was published again in 2010.<ref>{{cite webmagazine|urlauthor=https:<!--Staff writer(s)//wwwno by-line.kommersant.ru/doc/1385567-->|titledate=14.06.2010 June 2010|title=Редакция N 6. Избранное|datelanguage=14 June 2010ru|publishermagazine=[[Kommersant|Коммерсантъ-Власть]]|issue=23|page=16|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1385567}}</ref>

FurthemoreFurthermore, on 9 May 2000, the newspaper [[Kommersant]] had published the article by deputy editor-in-chief Veronika Kutsyllo, according to which the text of «Revision number Six» had been provided to journalists by anonymous employee of the Presidential Administration; [[Putin]] was mentioned in the text of this document as acting President and the attached charts, totalling more than 100 pages, were drawn up before [[1999 Russian legislative election]], and these facts created the reason to believe that the work on this document started long before [[2000 Russian presidential election]].<ref>{{cite webmagazine|urllast=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/16876Kutsyllo|titlefirst=09.05.2000Veronika|date=9 May 2000|title=Пока не страшно, но уже противно|datelanguage=9 May 2000ru|publishermagazine=[[Kommersant|Коммерсантъ-Власть]]|issue=18|page=25|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/16876}}</ref>

The authors of «Revision number Six» rejected the possibility of direct prohibition on opposition activities and independent mass media activities considering that Russian society was not ready for that, and it was the reason, they proposed that Domestic Policy Directorate of the Presidential Administration uses the combination of public and secret activities. Secret activities were to be carried out with the direct use of [[Secret service|special services]], in particular, [[Federal Security Service]].<ref>{{cite news|urllast=https://www.nytimes.com/Wines|first=Michael|date=5 May 2000/05/05/world/newspaper-reports-kremlin-push-for-stronger-central-control.html|title=Newspaper Reports Kremlin Push for Stronger Central Control|work=[[The New York Times]]|dateurl=5 May https://www.nytimes.com/2000|last1=Wines|first1=Michael/05/05/world/newspaper-reports-kremlin-push-for-stronger-central-control.html}}</ref> The main objective of such secret activity was to take control over activity of [[Political party|political parties]], community and political leaders, [[governor]]s, [[legislature]]s, [[candidate]]s for elective positions, [[election commission]]s and [[election official]]s, [[mass media]] and [[journalist]]s. To achieve this objective, the following tasks were set: 1) the collection information (including dirt) about individuals and organizations of interests and the pressure on them; 2) the creation of conditions under which independent mass media cannot operate; 3) taking control over elections to ensure the victories of pro-Kremlin candidates; 4) the establishment of [[civil society organization]]s which are ostensibly independent but actually are under the full control of the Kremlin; 5) the discredit the opposition and the creation of the informational and political barrier around [[Putin]] (good things happen thanks to Putin personally but bad officials are responsible for bad things and not Putin; Putin doesn’t respond to opposition’s charge and doesn’t participate in debates – others do that for him).

According to Vasily Gatov, the analyst of [[Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism]] at the [[University of Southern California]], the realizations of the provisions of «Revision number Six» means building the state where [[Democracy|democratic]] [[institution]]s exist nominally but in reality these [[institution]]s are fully controlled by Presidential Administration and [[secret police]].<ref>{{cite webmagazine|last=Shimov|first=Yaroslav|date=17 May 2016|title=Путин пошёл дальше Андропова|language=ru|magazine=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|Radio Liberty]]|url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/27741064.html|title=17.05.2016 Путин пошёл дальше Андропова|publisher=Радио Свобода}}</ref> He characterized such [[regime]] as «[[counterintelligence]] [[State (polity)|state]]» (one of the kinds of [[guided democracy]]).<ref>{{cite web|urllast=https://carnegie.ru/commentary/63588Gatov|titlefirst=Vasily|date=14.05.2016 May 2016|title=Канарейка в шахте. РБК и общественный интерес в "государстве контрразведки"|publisher=[[Carnegie Moscow Center]]|url=https://carnegie.ru/commentary/63588}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|urllast=https://therussianreader.com/Gatov|first=Vasily|date=15 May 2016/05/15/rbc-russian-free-press-demise/|title=14.05.2016 No Canaries in the Coal Mine: The Demise of RBC|datepublisher=15 May 2016TheRussianReader.com|publisherurl=The Russian Readerhttps://therussianreader.com/2016/05/15/rbc-russian-free-press-demise/}}</ref>

On 7 May 2016, the newspaper [[Kommersant]] had published an article by Ilya Barabanov and Gleb Cherkasov containing an analysis of the implementation of provisions of «Revision number Six». They concluded that, although the authors of «Revision number Six» had not taken into account some things (for example, authors of the aforementioned document denied the need for creation of pro-Kremlin political party, [[United Russia|which actually was established subsequently]]), by and large, the provisions of «Revision number Six» were conducted.<ref>{{cite journalmagazine|urllast1=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2980456Barabanov|titlefirst1=07.05.2016Ilya|last2=Cherkasov|first2=Gleb|date=7 May 2016|title=16 лет Редакции №6|journallanguage=Коммерсантъru|publishermagazine=[[Kommersant|Коммерсантъ-Власть]]|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2980456}}</ref>

* [[Sergey Kiriyenko|Sergei Kiriyenko]]

* [[Alexey Gromov|Alexei Gromov]]

* [[IgorAleksey LevitinDyumin|Alexei Dyumin]]

* [[YuriRuslan UshakovEdelgeriev]]

* [[VladimirVladislav OstrovenkoKitayev]]

* [[AlexandraIgor LevitskayaLevitin]]

* [[AntonElena UstinovYampolskaya]]

** [[Alexander Beglov]] (since 23 May 2012 – 25 December 2017)

** [[Viktor Kazantsev|Victor Kazantsev]] (18 May 2000 – 9 March 2004)

** [[Vladimir Anatolyevich Yakovlev (politician)|Vladimir Yakovlev]] (9 March 2004 – 13 September 2004)

** [[Viktor Cherkesov|Victor Cherkesov]] (18 May 2000 – 11 March 2003)

** [[Nikolay Vinnichenko|Nikolai Vinnichenko]] (6 September 2011 – 11 March 2013)<ref name="ukaz2011"/>

** [[Nikolay Tsukanov|Nikolai Tsukanov]] (since 28 July 2016 - 25 December 2017)

** [[Viktor Ishayev|Victor Ishayev]] (30 April 2009 – 31 August 2013)

** [[Viktor Tolokonsky|Victor Tolokonsky]] (9 September 2010 – 12 May 2014)

** [[Nikolay Rogozhkin|Nikolai Rogozhkin]] (12 May 2014 – 28 July 2016)<ref name="New envoy">{{cite news |url=https://tass.com/russia/731291 |title=Putin creates ministry for North Caucasus, makes new appointments |date=12 May 2014 |website=[[TASS]] |access-date=23 June 2019}}</ref>

** [[Sergey Menyaylo|Sergei Menyaylo]] (since 28 July 2016 – 9 April 2021)

** [[Nikolay Vinnichenko|Nikolai Vinnichenko]] (8 December 2008 – 6 September 2011)

** [[Igor Kholmanskikh]] (since 18 May 2012 – 26 June 2018)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=797781&cid=5 |title=Предложение президента для Игоря Холманских стало неожиданностью |date=18 May 2012 |website=[[Vesti.Ru]] |language=Russian |access-date=23 June 2019}}</ref>

** [[Sergey Kiriyenko|Sergei Kiriyenko]] (18 May 2000 – 14 November 2005)

** [[Aleksandr Konovalov (politician, born 1968)|AleksandrAlexander Konovalov]] (14 November 2005 – 12 May 2008)

** [[Mikhail Babich]] (since 15 December 2011 – 24 August 2018)

** [[Sergey Melikov|Sergei Melikov]] (12 May 2014 – 28 July 2016)<ref name="New envoy"/>

The Presidential Plenipotentiary toRepresentative in the [[Federal Assembly (Russia)|Federal Assembly]]:

* [[Alexander MaksimovichAleksandr Yakovlev (politician)|Alexander Yakovlev]] (18 February 1994 – 10 February 1996)

The Presidential Plenipotentiary toRepresentative in the [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]]:

* [[Alexander Kotenkov]] (since 5 April 2004 – ?29 October 2013)

* [[ArthurArtur Muravyov]] (since 29 October 2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.kremlin.ru/catalog/persons/368/biography |title=Muravyov, Arthur |website=President of Russia |access-date=5 October 2015}}</ref>

The Presidential Plenipotentiary toRepresentative in the [[State Duma]]:

The Presidential Plenipotentiary toRepresentative in the [[Constitutional Court of Russia|Constitutional Court]]:

* [[Sergey Shakhray|Sergei Shakhray]] (7 December 1996 – 29 June 1998)

* [[Mikhail Krotov]] (since 7 November 2005 – 31 January 2020)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.kremlin.ru/catalog/persons/24/biography |title=Krotov, Mikhail |website=President of Russia |access-date=5 October 2015}}</ref>

* Control Directorate (Chiefs: [[Yuri Boldyrev]] (1992–1993), [[AlekseyAlexei Ilyushenko]] (19 March 1993 – ), [[Vladimir Zaytsev (politician)|Vladimir Zaytsev]] (1995–1996), [[Alexei Kudrin]] (1 August 1996 – 26 March 1997), [[Vladimir Putin]] (26 March 1997 – May 1998), [[Nikolai Patrushev]] (31 May 1998 – October 1998), [[Yevgeny Lisov]] (October 1998 – 13 January 2004), [[Valery Nazarov]] (13 January 2004 – 12 March 2004), [[Alexander Beglov]] (27 May 2004 – ), [[Konstantin Chuychenko]] (at least since 2009)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/3551 |title=Dmitry Medvedev had a working meeting with Head of the Presidential Control Directorate Konstantin Chuychenko |date=26 March 2009 |website=President of Russia |access-date=23 June 2019}}</ref>

* [[Dmitry Kozak]] (30 October 2003 – 9 March 2004)

* [[Sergey Yastrzhembsky|Sergei Yastrzhembsky]] (1997–1998)

* [[Viktor Ivanov (politician)|ViktorVictor Ivanov]] (2000 – March 2004)

* [[Natalya Timakova|Natalia Timakova]]

* [[Andrey Illarionov|Andrei Illarionov]] (for Economy, 12 April 2000 – 25 December 2005)

* [[SergeySergei Samoylov]] (for Federalism and Local Government, 2001 – )

* [[Anatoly Pristavkin]] (for Pardon, 29 December 2001 – 11 July 2008)

* [[Sergey Karaganov|Sergei Karaganov]] (for Foreign Policy, 2002 – )

* [[Gennady Troshev]] (for Cossacks, 25 February 2003 – 7 May 2008)

* [[Alexander Burutin]] (for Military Technology and Industry, April 2003 – 2007)

* [[Aslambek Aslakhanov]] (for North Caucasus, March 2004 – 2008)

* [[Mikhail Lesin]] (for Mass Media and Information Technologies, April 2004 – 17 November 2009)

==References and notes==