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{{short description|County in Massachusetts, United States}}
{{
{{Infobox U.S. county
| county = Middlesex County
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| founded year = 1643
| founded date = May 10
| seat = [[Lowell, Massachusetts|Lowell]] and [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] ([[de jure]])
| largest city = [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]]
| coordinates = {{coord|42.49|-71.39|display=title,inline|type:adm2nd_region:US-MA_source:UScensus1990}}
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| district4 = 6th
| district5 = 7th
| ex image
| photo1a = Great Dome, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Aug 2019.jpg
| photo2a = Hartwell Tavern 2.jpeg
| photo2b = Mill Building (now museum), Lowell, Massachusetts.JPG
| photo3a = Walden Pond2.jpg
| spacing = 1
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 280
}}
| ex image size =
| ex image cap = Images, from top down, left to right: The Great Dome at [[MIT]]; [[Hartwell Tavern]] in [[Minute Man National Historical Park]]; Historic buildings of the [[Lowell mills]]; [[Walden Pond]] in [[Concord, Massachusetts|Concord]]
| named for = [[Middlesex]], [[Kingdom of England|England]]
}}
'''Middlesex County''' is a county located in the [[Commonwealth (U.S. state)|Commonwealth]] of [[Massachusetts]],
On July 11, 1997, Massachusetts abolished the executive government of Middlesex County primarily due to the county's [[insolvency]].<ref>{{
==History==
The county was created by the [[Massachusetts General Court]] on May 10, 1643, when it was ordered that "the whole [[Massachusetts Bay Colony|plantation]] within this jurisdiction be divided into four [[Shire|shires.]]" Middlesex initially contained [[Charlestown, Boston|Charlestown]], [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Watertown, Massachusetts|Watertown]], [[Sudbury, Massachusetts|Sudbury]], [[Concord, Massachusetts|Concord]], [[Woburn, Massachusetts|Woburn]], [[Medford, Massachusetts|Medford]], and [[Reading, Massachusetts|Reading]].<ref name="Boston Annex">Davis, William T. ''Bench and Bar of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts'', p. 44. The Boston History Company, 1895.</ref> In 1649 the first Middlesex County Registry of Deeds was created in Cambridge.
On April 19, 1775, Middlesex was the site of the first armed conflict of the [[American Revolutionary War]].
In 1855, the Massachusetts State Legislature created a minor Registry of Deeds for the Northern District of Middlesex County in Lowell.<ref name="Boston Annex" />
Line 43 ⟶ 53:
In the late 19th century and early 20th century, [[Boston]] annexed several of its adjacent cities and towns including Charlestown and [[Brighton, Boston|Brighton]] from Middlesex County, resulting in an enlargement and accretion toward [[Suffolk County, Massachusetts|Suffolk County]].<ref name="Boston Annex" />
Beginning prior to the dissolution of the executive county government, the county comprised two regions with separate county seats for administrative purposes:
*The Middlesex-North District (smaller) with its [[county seat]] in [[Lowell, Massachusetts|Lowell]] under the Registry of Deeds consisted of the city of Lowell, and its adjacent towns of [[Billerica, Massachusetts|Billerica]], [[Carlisle, Massachusetts|Carlisle]], [[Chelmsford, Massachusetts|Chelmsford]], [[Dracut, Massachusetts|Dracut]], [[Dunstable, Massachusetts|Dunstable]], [[Tewksbury, Massachusetts|Tewksbury]], [[Tyngsborough, Massachusetts|Tyngsborough]], [[Westford, Massachusetts|Westford]] and [[Wilmington, Massachusetts|Wilmington]].
*The Middlesex-South District (larger) with the county seat in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]]<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref> consisted of the remaining 44 cities and towns of Middlesex County.<ref name="MGL36-1">{{M.G.L.|36|1}}</ref>
Since the start of the 21st century, much of the current and former county offices have physically decentralized from the Cambridge seat, with the sole exceptions being the Registry of Deeds and the Middlesex Probate and Family Court, which both retain locations in Cambridge and Lowell. Since the first quarter of 2008, the Superior Courthouse<ref name="Superior court move" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Redmond |first1=Lisa |date=March 10, 2008 |title=Middlesex Superior Court moving to Woburn |url=http://www.lowellsun.com/breakingnews/ci_8521720 |publisher=Digital First Media |agency=[[Lowell Sun]] |access-date=January 31, 2018 |quote=WOBURN – Middlesex Superior Court, currently located in the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge, will move to a new facility in Woburn in the TradeCenter on Sylvan Road beginning Friday, according to Chief Justice for Administration and Management Robert A. Mulligan. |archive-date=January 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141612/http://www.lowellsun.com/breakingnews/ci_8521720 |url-status=live }}</ref> has been seated in the city of [[Woburn, Massachusetts|Woburn]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tradecenter128.com/media.htm |title=Press Release: Middlesex Superior Court Moves to Woburn |date=March 17, 2008 |publisher=Cummings Properties, LLC |access-date=January 31, 2018 |quote=Woburn, MA, March 17, 2008 – The new furniture has been installed, years of case files have been dusted off, moved and organized, and the computers are all hooked up and ready to go. After 40 years in Cambridge, the Superior Court is open and ready for business in Woburn. [ ... ] Serving nearly all of the 54 communities in Middlesex County, the new Woburn building houses 15 courtrooms, clerks' offices, judges' chambers, the probation department, the law library, and more. In addition, the Court estimates that more than 400 people will use the building every day, including, lawyers, judges, administrative staff, jurors, plaintiffs, defendants, visitors, and others who work at the building and use the system. |archive-date=January 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130091238/https://www.tradecenter128.com/media.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Properties |first1=Cummings |date=September 20, 2013 |title=Press Release:Middlesex Superior Court renews lease in Woburn |url=https://patch.com/massachusetts/woburn/middlesex-superior-court-renews-lease-in-woburn |work=Cummings Properties, Business |publisher=Patch Media |access-date=January 31, 2018 |quote=The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has extended its lease for the Middlesex County Superior Courthouse at TradeCenter 128 in Woburn for a seven-year term. This renewal comes five years after the Court moved from the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge, which was in need of extensive renovations and has since been slated for redevelopment. |archive-date=January 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141451/https://patch.com/massachusetts/woburn/middlesex-superior-court-renews-lease-in-woburn |url-status=live }}</ref> the Sheriff's Office is now administratively seated in the city of [[Medford, Massachusetts|Medford]] and the Cambridge-based County Jail<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hanson |first1=Melissa |date=June 28, 2014 |title=Middlesex Jail in Cambridge closes |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/06/28/middlesex-jail-cambridge-closes/tH9JuyPXowVZTQLGQ9VdkJ/story.html |url-status=dead|newspaper=The Boston Globe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141409/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/06/28/middlesex-jail-cambridge-closes/tH9JuyPXowVZTQLGQ9VdkJ/story.html|archive-date=
===Law and government===
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The legislation abolishing the Middlesex County executive retained the Sheriff and Registers of Deeds as independently elected officials, and transferred the Sheriff's Office under the state Department of Public Safety and the two Registry of Deeds offices to the Massachusetts Secretary of State's Office.<ref name="MGL34B-10">{{MassGenLaws|34B|10}}</ref> Additionally, all county maintenance and security employees were absorbed into the corresponding staffs of the [[Judiciary of Massachusetts#Trial Court|Massachusetts Trial Court]]. The legislation also transferred ownership of the two Superior Courthouses to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The hospital was closed. Finally, the office of County Commissioner was immediately abolished and the office of County Treasurer was abolished as of December 31, 2002.<ref name="MGL34B-2">{{MassGenLaws|34B|2}}</ref> Any county roads transferred to the Commonwealth as part of the dissolution. The other administrative duties (such as Sheriff, Department of Deeds and [[Courts of Massachusetts|court system]], etc.) and all supporting staff were transferred under the Commonwealth as well.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="2" | District attorneys of Middlesex County<ref>{{cite book |last1=Conklin |first1=Edwin P. |title=Middlesex County and Its People |date=1927 |publisher=Lewis Historical Publishing Company |location=New York |page=119 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hoElAQAAMAAJ |access-date=August 6, 2023}}</ref>
|-
! District attorney !! Term
|-
|[[Samuel Dana (Massachusetts politician)|Samuel Dana]]
|1807–1811
|-
|[[Timothy Fuller]]
|1811–1812
|-
|[[Asahel Stearns]]
|1813–1832
|-
|[[Asahel Huntington]]
|1832–1845
|-
|[[Albert H. Nelson]]
|1845–1848
|-
|[[Charles R. Train]]
|1848–1851
|-
|[[Asa W. Farr]]
|1851–1853
|-
|[[Charles R. Train]]
|1853–1855
|-
|[[Isaac S. Morse]]
|1855–1872
|-
|[[John B. Goodrich]]
|1872–1874
|-
|[[George Stevens (Massachusetts politician)|George Stevens]]
|1874–1879
|-
|[[John Wilkes Hammond]]
|1879–1880
|-
|[[William Burnham Stevens]]
|1880–1890
|-
|[[Patrick H. Cooney]]
|1890–1893
|-
|[[Fred N. Wier]]
|1893–1902
|-
|[[George A. Sanderson (judge)|George A. Sanderson]]
|1902–1907
|-
|[[Hugh Bancroft (attorney)|Hugh Bancroft]]
|1907–1908
|-
|[[John J. Higgins]]
|1908–1913
|-
|[[William J. Corcoran (attorney)|William J. Corcoran]]
|1913–1917
|-
|[[Nathan A. Tufts]]
|1917–1921
|-
|[[Endicott Peabody Saltonstall]]
|1921–1922
|-
|[[Arthur Kenneth Reading]]
|1922–1927
|-
|[[Robert T. Bushnell]]
|1927–1931
|-
|[[Warren L. Bishop]]
|1931–1938
|-
|[[William G. Andrew]]
|1938–1939
|-
|[[Robert F. Bradford]]
|1939–1945
|-
|[[George E. Thompson]]
|1945–1956
|-
|[[Ephraim Martin]]
|1956–1957
|-
|[[James O'Dea Jr.]]
|1957–1959
|-
|[[John J. Droney]]
|1959–1983
|-
|[[Scott Harshbarger]]
|1983–1991
|-
|[[Thomas Reilly (Massachusetts politician)|Thomas Reilly]]
|1991–1999
|-
|[[Martha Coakley]]
|1999–2007
|-
|[[Gerard Leone]]
|2007–2013
|-
|[[Marian T. Ryan]]
|2013–present
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="2" | Sheriffs of Middlesex County<ref name="Edward M. Burns, Esq">{{Cite web|url=http://www.middlesexsheriff.org/about_history.htm|title=History of Middlesex Sheriff's Office|author=Edward M. Burns, Esq.|work=Middlesex Special Sheriff|date=October 20, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213215053/http://www.middlesexsheriff.org/about_history.htm|archivedate=December 13, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! Sheriff !! Term
|-
| Capt. [[Timothy Phillips (Massachusetts politician)|Timothy Phillips]]
| 1692–1702
|-
| Capt. Samuel Gookin
| 1702–1714
|-
| Col. Edmund Goffe
| 1714–1717
|-
| Samuel Gookin<sup>(2nd term)</sup>
| 1717–1729
|-
| Daniel Foster
| 1729–1731
|-
| Richard Foster, Jr.
| 1731–1764
|-
| Col. David Phips
| 1764–1775
|-
| Col. James Prescott
| 1775–1781
|-
| Col. [[Loammi Baldwin]]
| 1781–1794
|-
| Maj. [[Joseph Hosmer (Massachusetts politician)|Joseph Hosmer]]
| 1794–1808
|-
| Gen. William Hildreth, Jr.
| 1808–1813
|-
| Gen. Nathaniel Austin, Jr.
| 1813–1831
|-
| Benjamin Franklin Varnum
| 1831–1841
|-
| Col. Samuel Chandler
| 1841–1851
|-
| Fisher Ames Hildreth
| 1851–1853
|-
| John Sheppard Keyes
| 1853–1859
|-
| Charles Kimball
| 1859–1879
|-
| Eben Winslow Fiske
| 1879–1883
|-
| Henry Greenwood Cushing
| 1883–1899
|-
| John Robert Fairbain
| 1899–1934
|-
| Joseph M. McElroy
| 1934–1947
|-
| Loring R. Kew
| 1947-1947
|-
| Louis E. Boutwell
| 1948–1949
|-
| Howard W. Fitzpatrick
| 1949–1970
|-
| [[John J. Buckley (sheriff)|John J. Buckley]]
| 1970–1980
|-
| [[Edward Henneberry]]
| 1980–1984
|-
| William Quealy ''(acting)''
| 1984–1985
|-
| [[John P. McGonigle]]
| 1985–1994
|-
| Robert C. Krekorian ''(acting)''
| 1994
|-
|-
| Anthony M. Sasso ''(acting)''
| 1994
|-
| R. Bradford Bailey
| 1994–1996
|-
| [[James DiPaola]]
| 1996–2010
|-
| [[John Granara]] ''(Special)''
| 2010–2011
|-
| [[Peter Koutoujian]]
| 2011–Present
|}
===Administrative structure today===
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In Middlesex County (as in the entirety of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts), the governmental functions such as property tax assessment and collection, public education, road repair and maintenance, and elections were all conducted at the municipal city and town level and not by the county government.
In 2012 the 22-story Superior Court Building in Cambridge which was transferred from the abolished Executive County government was sold<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baldassari |first=Erin |date=December 17, 2012 |title=Leggat McCall wins bid for Sullivan Courthouse redevelopment in Cambridge |publisher=WickedLocal |agency=[[GateHouse Media|GateHouse Media, LLC]] |url=http://cambridge.wickedlocal.com/x1107423193/Leggat-McCall-wins-bid-for-Sullivan-Courthouse-redevelopment-in-Cambridge |url-access=subscription |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=Leggat McCall Properties was selected from a pool of seven bidders to redevelop the 22-story, 600,000-square-foot EJ Sullivan Courthouse in East Cambridge, the state announced Friday, Dec. 14. |archive-date=January 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130014120/http://cambridge.wickedlocal.com/x1107423193/Leggat-McCall-wins-bid-for-Sullivan-Courthouse-redevelopment-in-Cambridge |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Parker |first=Brock |date=November 16, 2011 |title=State advertising 22-story Sullivan Courthouse, seeking to sell by September |publisher=[[Boston.com|Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC]] |url=http://archive.boston.com/yourtown/news/cambridge/2011/11/state_advertising_22-story_sul.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 10, 2018 |quote=State officials are advertising for a buyer for the 22-story, asbestos-plagued Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge and hope to move prisoners housed in
Even following the abolition of the executive branch for county government in Middlesex, communities are still granted a right by the Massachusetts state legislature to form their own regional compacts for sharing of services and costs thereof.
{| class="toccolours"
Line 74 ⟶ 304:
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[Court clerk|Clerk of Courts]]:
| [[Michael A. Sullivan (politician)|Michael A. Sullivan]]
|- valign=top
! align=right | [[District attorney|District Attorney]]:
Line 111 ⟶ 341:
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|847|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|818|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|29|sqmi}} (3.5%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_25.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 16, 2014|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140914175857/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_25.txt|archive-date=September 14, 2014}}</ref> It is the third-largest county in Massachusetts by land area.
It is bounded southeast by the [[Charles River]]
The [[MetroWest]] region comprises much of the southern portion of the county.
Line 197 ⟶ 427:
|2010= 1503085
|2020= 1632002
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 3, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 16, 2014|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701194652/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=September 16, 2014|archive-date=August 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811110448/http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ma190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 16, 2014|archive-date=April 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428025655/http://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ma190090.txt|url-status=live}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 16, 2014|archive-date=December 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218203824/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 2010-2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 15, 2021|archive-date=August 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173619/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Line 206 ⟶ 436:
{{As of|2006}}, Middlesex County was tenth in the United States on the list of most millionaires per county.<ref name="millionaires">{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/03/28/news/economy/millionaires/ | work=CNN | first=Jeanne | last=Sahadi | title=Top 10 millionaire counties | date=March 28, 2006 | access-date=August 3, 2020 | archive-date=October 30, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030082932/https://money.cnn.com/2006/03/28/news/economy/millionaires/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
As of the [[2010 United States
|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US25017
|title=DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data
|access-date=January 12, 2016
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213031244/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US25017
|archive-date=February 13, 2020
}}</ref> The population density was {{convert|1,837.9|PD/sqmi}}. There were 612,004 housing units at an average density of {{convert|748.3|/sqmi}}.<ref name="census-density">{{cite web
|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US25017
|access-date=January 12, 2016
|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213184155/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US25017
|archive-date=February 13, 2020
}}</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 80.0% white, 9.3% Asian, 4.7% black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 3.3% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 6.5% of the population.<ref name="census-dp1"/>
Line 228 ⟶ 458:
|title=DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
|access-date=January 12, 2016
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213032015/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25017
|archive-date=February 13, 2020
}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
Line 266 ⟶ 496:
|title=DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
|access-date=January 12, 2016
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213020651/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US25017
|archive-date=February 13, 2020
}}</ref>
Line 280 ⟶ 510:
====Income====
{{See also|List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income}}
The ranking of unincorporated communities that are included on the list
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- valign=bottom
Line 962 ⟶ 1,192:
| budget = $60 Million
| nongovernment =
| country = United States
| countryabbr =
| national =
| federal =
Line 1,042 ⟶ 1,272:
}}
The primary responsibility of the Middlesex Sheriff's Office is oversight of the [[Middlesex House of Correction and Jail]] in [[Billerica, Massachusetts|Billerica]]. It formerly ran the [[Middlesex Jail]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], which closed on June 28, 2014. In addition, the Sheriff's Office operates the Office of Civil Process and, the Lowell Community Counseling Centers, and crime prevention and community service programs. The office of sheriff was created in 1692, making it one of the oldest law enforcement agencies in the United States. The sheriff is elected to a 6-year term.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Middlesex Sheriff |url=https://www.middlesexsheriff.org/ |access-date=
Notable sheriffs include:<ref name="Edward M. Burns, Esq"/>
{{div col}}
* Col. [[James Prescott (sheriff)|James Prescott]] (1775–1781)
Line 1,059 ⟶ 1,289:
==Politics==
{| class=wikitable
! colspan = 6 | Voter registration and party enrollment as of
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}}
| Unenrolled
| align = center | {{formatnum: 712,349}}
| align = center | {{Percentage |692,606 |1,108,860 |2}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|
|
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|
|
|-
| {{party color cell|Libertarian Party (United States)}}
| [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]
|
|
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}}
| [[Third party (U.S. politics)|Other parties]]
| align = center | {{formatnum: 6,641}}
| align = center | {{Percentage |6,641 |1,127,675 |2}}
|-
! colspan = 2 | Total
!
!
|}
Prior to 1960, Middlesex County was a Republican Party stronghold, backing only two Democratic Party presidential candidates from 1876 to 1956. The 1960 election started a reverse trend, with the county becoming a Democratic stronghold. This has been even more apparent in recent years, with [[George H. W. Bush]] in 1988 being the last Republican presidential candidate to manage forty percent of the county's votes and [[Mitt Romney]] in 2012 being the last Republican presidential candidate to manage even thirty percent of the vote. In 2020, [[Joe Biden]] won 71% of the vote, the highest percent for any presidential candidate since 1964.
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{{PresHead|place=Middlesex County, Massachusetts|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=July 10, 2017|archive-date=March 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323225526/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Democratic|235,118|554,471|25,243|Massachusetts}}
{{PresRow|2020|Democratic|226,956|617,196|19,425|Massachusetts}}
{{PresRow|2016|Democratic|219,793|520,360|56,582|Massachusetts}}
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{{PresRow|1880|Republican|30,339|19,801|1,013|Massachusetts}}
{{PresRow|1876|Republican|27,304|19,561|193|Massachusetts}}
{{PresRow|1872|Republican|26,570|12,434|0|Massachusetts}}
{{PresRow|1868|Republican|24,694|12,454|0|Massachusetts}}
|}
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==Communities==
[[File:Map of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, by Geo. H. Walker & Co., 1889.jpg|thumb|1889 map of Middlesex County]]
[[File:Middlesex County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Cambridge highlighted.svg|thumb|Map of Middlesex County, with Cambridge highlighted]]
Most municipalities in Middlesex County have a [[New England town|town]] form of government; the remainder are cities, and are so designated on this list. Villages listed below are census or postal divisions but have no separate corporate or statutory existence from the cities and towns in which they are located.
===Cities===
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*[[East Pepperell, Massachusetts|East Pepperell]]
*[[Groton (CDP), Massachusetts|Groton]]
*[[Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts|Hanscom AFB]]
*[[Hopkinton (CDP), Massachusetts|Hopkinton]]
*[[Littleton Common, Massachusetts|Littleton Common]]
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==Education==
{{expand section|date=July 2022}}
School districts include:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st25_ma/schooldistrict_maps/c25017_middlesex/DC20SD_C25017.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Middlesex County, MA|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=
K-12:
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* [[Harvard University]] (Cambridge)
* [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) (Cambridge)
* [[Framingham State University]] (Framingham)
==Culture==
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* [[Middlesex County Sheriff's Office]]
==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
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{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.middlesexsheriff.org/ Middlesex County Sheriff's Department]
* [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/general_ref/cousub_outline/cen2k_pgsz/ma_cosub.pdf US Census Bureau map] of cities, towns, Native American reservations, and census-designated places
* [https://archive.today/20130414114347/http://maps.bpl.org/details_12690 1856 Map of Middlesex County] by Henry F. Walling
* Walling & Gray. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080404034546/http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0044_0045.jpg&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&pageprefix= 1871 Map of Middlesex County Plate 44-45] from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20080404033909/http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_results.asp?ImageType=index&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871 1871 Atlas of Massachusetts.]
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* [http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cispdf/ma_city_town.pdf Map of cities and towns of Massachusetts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927054352/http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cispdf/ma_city_town.pdf |date=September 27, 2011 }}
* [http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cispdf/ma_counties.pdf Massachusetts County Map]
* [https://archive.org/details/historymiddlese00drakgoog/page/n164 <!-- pg=158 --> History of Middlesex County] by Samual Adams Drake, 1880. Contains the histories of each town in the county.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=m74TAAAAYAAJ History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts With Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men], edited by Duane Hamilton Hurd. J. W. Lewis & Co., Philadelphia. 1890.
* [http://www.lowelldeeds.com/ Middlesex North District Registry of Deeds]
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[[Category:Massachusetts counties]]
[[Category:Counties in Greater Boston]]
[[Category:1643 establishments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1643]]
[[Category:1997 disestablishments in Massachusetts]]
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