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{{Short description|New Zealand writer (1947–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{en-NZ|date=July 2020}}
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'''Keri Ann Ruhi Hulme''' (9 March 1947{{snd}}27 December 2021) was a New Zealand novelist, poet and short-story writer. She also wrote under the pen name '''Kai Tainui'''. Her novel ''[[The Bone People]]'' won the [[Booker Prize]] in 1985;<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Keri Hulme's official page on the Booker Prizes' website |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/authors/keri-hulme
== Early life ==
Hulme was born on 9 March 1947 in Burwood Hospital, [[Christchurch]], New Zealand.<ref name="crystal2004">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Crystal|editor-first1=David|editor-link1=David Crystal|title=The Penguin Encyclopedia|year=2004|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=0-14-051543-7|oclc=56479163|page=[[iarchive:isbn_9780140515435/page/743/mode/1up|743]]}}</ref><ref name="contempauthors">{{Cite book|title=Contemporary Authors: New Revision Series|title-link=|publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]]|year=1999|isbn=0-7876-2038-6|editor-last1=Jones|editor-first1=David|series=|volume=69|location=Detroit|pages=[[iarchive:isbn_9780787620387/page/277/mode/1up|277–279]]|issn=|oclc=|editor-last2=Jorgensen|editor-first2=John D.}}</ref> The daughter of John William Hulme, a carpenter, and Mary Ann Miller, a credit manager, she was the eldest of six children.<ref name="Te Karaka">{{Cite journal|last=Hulme|first=Keri|date=Spring 2012|title=Layering|url=https://ngaitahu.iwi.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/TeKaraka55.pdf|journal=Te Karaka|volume=55|page=5}}</ref><ref name="NZ Book Council">{{cite web |url=http://www.bookcouncil.org.nz/writer/hulme-keri|title=Hulme, Keri|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=April 2016|website=www.bookcouncil.org.nz|publisher=[[New Zealand Book Council]]|access-date=13 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&id=GALE%7CH1000048141&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon&authCount=1#|title=Keri Hulme|last=Contemporary Authors Online|date=2012|website=GALE Literature Resource Center|access-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> Her father was a first-generation New Zealander whose parents were from [[Lancashire|Lancashire, England]], and her mother came from [[Oamaru]], of Orkney Scots and [[Māori people|Māori]] descent ([[Kāi Tahu]] and [[Kāti Māmoe]]). "Our family comes from diverse people: Kāi Tahu, Kāti Māmoe (South Island Māori [[iwi]]); [[Orkney|Orkney
Hulme grew up in Christchurch at 160 Leaver Terrace, [[New Brighton, New Zealand|New Brighton]], where she attended North New Brighton Primary School and [[Aranui High School]]. She described herself as a "very definite and determined child who inherently hate[d] assumed authority".<ref name="Te Karaka"/> In 1958, when she was 11, her father died. Hulme remembered herself as being interested in writing from a young age. She rewrote [[Enid Blyton]] stories the way she thought they should have been written, wrote poetry from the age of 12, and composed short stories; her mother organised the side front porch into a study for her after her father's death.<ref name="Te Karaka"/> Some of her poems and short stories were published in Aranui High School's magazine.<ref name="Stuff">{{Cite web|last=Welham|first=Keri|date=24 April 2018|title=Keri Hulme: Bait expectations|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/books/103196530/keri-hulme-bait-expectations
After high school, Hulme worked as a [[tobacco]] picker in [[Motueka]]. She began studying for an honours law degree at the [[University of Canterbury]] in 1967, but left after four
==Career==
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By 1972, Hulme had accumulated a large quantity of notes and drawings and decided to begin writing full-time, but, despite financial support from her family, she returned to work nine months later. She worked in a range of jobs, including in retail, as a fish-and-chips cook, a winder at a woollen mill, and as a mail deliverer in [[Greymouth]], on the West Coast of [[the South Island]]. She was also a pharmacist's assistant at Grey Hospital, a proofreader and journalist at the ''Grey Evening Star'', and an assistant television director on the shows ''[[Country Calendar]]'', ''Dig This'' and ''[[Play School (New Zealand TV series)|Play School]]''.<ref name="Stuff"/> She continued writing, and had her work published in journals and magazines; some appeared under the pseudonym Kai Tainui.<ref name="ReadNZ"/>
Hulme received Literary Fund grants in 1973, 1977, and 1979, and in 1979 she was a guest at the [[East–West Center|East-West Center]] in [[Hawaii]] as a visiting poet.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Keri Hulme|url=https://www.komako.org.nz/person/372
Hulme submitted the manuscript for ''the bone people'' to several publishers over a period of 12 years, until it was accepted for publication by the [[Spiral (publisher)|Spiral Collective]], a feminist literary and arts collective in New Zealand.<ref name="Oxford Reference">{{Cite book|year=2016|title=Oxford Dictionary Plus Literature|chapter=Hulme, Keri|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191823510.001.0001/acref-9780191823510-e-63|access-date=3 March 2018|doi=10.1093/acref/9780191823510.001.0001|isbn=9780191823510}}</ref> The book was published in February 1984 and won the 1984 New Zealand Book Award for Fiction and the [[Booker Prize]] in 1985.<ref name="NZ Book Council"/><ref name="smith2001">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Riggs|editor-first1=Thomas|last1=Smith|first1=Anna|chapter=Hulme, Keri|title=Contemporary Poets|year=2001|publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|St. James Press]]|isbn=1-55862-349-3|edition=7th|pages=[[iarchive:contemporarypoet0000unse_q1s2/page/571/mode/1up|571–573]]|oclc=45148536}}</ref> Hulme was the first New Zealander to win the Booker Prize and also the first writer to win the prize for their debut novel.<ref name="NZHerald">{{Cite web|date=23 December 2011|title=Author to quit 'nasty village'|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/author-to-quit-nasty-village/2LQMLZJZNSAOJRHAGM7A4ON4FU/
In 1985, Hulme was writer-in-residence at the University of Canterbury and in 1990 she was awarded the 1990 Scholarship in Letters from the [[Queen Elizabeth Arts Council of New Zealand|Queen Elizabeth Arts Council]] Literature Committee for two years. Also in 1990, she was awarded the [[New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Alister |last2=Coddington |first2=Deborah |author-link1=Alister Taylor |author-link2=Deborah Coddington |title=Honoured by the Queen – New Zealand |year=1994 |publisher=New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa |location=Auckland |isbn=0-908578-34-2 |page=193}}</ref> In 1996 she became the patron of [[New Zealand Republic]].<ref>
{{cite web
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</ref> Hulme also served on the Literary Fund Advisory Committee (1985–1989) and New Zealand's Indecent Publications Tribunal (1985–1990).<ref name="ReadNZ"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Huia {{!}} Keri Hulme|url=https://huia.co.nz/huia-bookshop/authors/author/75|access-date=28 December 2021|website=huia.co.nz|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228031616/https://huia.co.nz/huia-bookshop/authors/author/75|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Around 1986 Hulme began working on a second novel, ''BAIT'', about fishing and death. She also worked on a third novel, ''On the Shadow Side;'' these two works were referred to by Hulme as "twinned novels".<ref name="ReadNZ"/><ref name="Stuff"/>
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== Personal life and death ==
In 1973, Hulme won a land ballot and became the owner of a plot in the remote coastal settlement of [[Ōkārito Lagoon|Ōkārito]] in [[south Westland]], on the South Island of New Zealand.<ref name="Stuff"/><ref name="NZ Book Council"/> She built an octagonal house on the land and spent most of her adult life (almost 40 years) there. She vocally opposed plans to develop the settlement with additional housing or tourist facilities and believed it deserved special government protection.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Newth|first=Kim|date=13 May 2001|title=Sunday Times|url=https://www.okarito.net/page/sunday_times_may_2001.html
Hulme's given name was recorded at birth as "Kerry", although her family used the
She died from [[dementia]] at a care home in [[Waimate]] on 27 December 2021, at the age of 74.<ref name="RNZ">{{Cite web|date=28 December 2021|title=Booker prize-winning New Zealand novelist Keri Hulme dies|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/458728/booker-prize-winning-new-zealand-novelist-keri-hulme-dies|access-date=28 December 2021|website=[[RNZ]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/28/books/keri-hulme-dead.html|title=Keri Hulme, New Zealand's First Booker Prize Winner, Dies at 74|last=Frost|first=Natasha|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=28 December 2021|accessdate=29 December 2021|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Parekowhai |first=Cushla |last2=Evans |first2=Marian |date=2022-02-01 |title=Keri Hulme obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/feb/01/keri-hulme-obituary |access-date=2024-02-10 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
==Works==
===Novels===
* ''[[The Bone People]]'' (Spiral Press, 1984)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hulme|first=Keri|url=https://www.worldcat.org
* ''BAIT'' and ''On the Shadow Side'' (unfinished)<ref name="Stuff"/>
===Poetry===
* ''The silences between (Moeraki Conversations)'' (Auckland University Press, 1982)<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hulme|first1=Keri|url=https://www.worldcat.org
* ''Lost Possessions'' (Victoria University Press, 1985)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hulme|first=Keri|url=https://www.worldcat.org
* ''Strands'' (Auckland University Press, 1993)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hulme|first=Keri|url=https://www.worldcat.org
===Other works===
* ''Te Kaihau: The Windeater'' (Victoria University Press, 1986), collection of short stories<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hulme|first1=Keri|url=https://www.worldcat.org
* ''Te Whenua, Te Iwi/The Land and The People'' co-edited with Jock Philips (Allen & Unwin/Port Nicholson Press, 1987), includes Hulme's autobiographical piece "Okatiro and Moeraki"<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Phillips|first1=Jock|url=https://www.worldcat.org
* ''Homeplaces: Three Coasts of the South Island of New Zealand'' (Hodder & Stoughton, 1989), autobiography<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hulme|first1=Keri|url=https://www.worldcat.org
*''Hokitika Handmade'' (Hokitika Craft Gallery Co-operative, 1999), description and history of the co-operative and its members<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hulme|first1=Keri|url=https://www.worldcat.org
*''Ahua – the story of Moki'' (2000), libretto of an opera based on the story of the Ngāi Tahu ancestor Moki, commissioned by the Christchurch City Choir<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dunbar|first=Anna|date=16 February 2000|title=Settling scores|page=34|work=Christchurch Press}}</ref>
*''Stonefish'' (Huia Publishers, 2004), collection of short stories and poems<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hulme|first=Keri|url=https://www.worldcat.org
===Adaptation into film===
In 1983, Hulme's short story "Hooks and Feelers" was made into a short film of the same name starring [[Bridgette Allen]].<ref name="hedback1996">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Breitinger|editor-first1=Eckhard|last1=Hedbäck|first1=Ann-Mari|chapter=Keri Hulme: Scriptwriter and Storyteller|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cojjgG_pX50C|title=Defining New Idioms and Alternative Forms of Expression|year=1996|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Rodopi]]|isbn=978-90-420-0021-6|pages=145–146}}</ref><ref>The New Zealand Archive of Film, Television and Sound Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision [http://new.ngataonga.org.nz/collections/catalogue/catalogue-item?record_id=66371 Catalogue → F6624, Hooks and Feelers]</ref> In 1995, Christine Parker wrote and directed, and Caterina de Nave produced, an adaptation of Hulme's 1991 short story "Hinekaro Goes On a Picnic and Blows Up Another Obelisk".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Screen |first=NZ On |title=Hinekaro Goes On a Picnic and Blows Up Another Obelisk {{!}} Short Film {{!}} NZ On Screen |url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/hinekaro-goes-on-a-picnic-and-blows-up-another-obelisk-1995 |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=www.nzonscreen.com |language=en}}</ref>
==Awards==
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|[[Katherine Mansfield Memorial Award]]
|''Hooks and Feelers''
|<ref name="ReadNZ"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Katherine Mansfield Awards|url=https://www.bnzheritage.co.nz/archives/story/katherine-mansfield-awards
|-
|1977
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==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120317235816/http://www.nzlf.auckland.ac.nz/author/?a_id=70 Bibliography of Keri Hulme's work and associated book reviews], [[University of Auckland]] Library
* [https://thebookerprizes.com/keri-hulme-the-bone-people-story-history-critique How Keri Hulme's the bone people changed the way we read now], the Booker Prizes website.
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4ZbScvNmyo Full length 1985 Booker Prize ceremony where Keri Hulme wins for the bone people],
* [https://www.rnz.co.nz/collections/readings/keri-hulme-reads-from-the-bone-people Keri Hulme reads from ''The Bone People''] on [[Radio New Zealand]]
{{Booker Prize}}
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[[Category:1947 births]]
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[[Category:20th-century New Zealand LGBTQ people]]
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[[Category:20th-century New Zealand women writers]]
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[[Category:Asexual women]]
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[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:Deaths from dementia in New Zealand]]
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[[Category:Kāti Māmoe people]]
[[Category:LGBTQ women writers]]
[[Category:Māori culture]]
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[[Category:New Zealand women novelists]]
[[Category:New Zealand women short story writers]]
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