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{{use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
▲{{short description|Italian professor of Philosophy (born 1964)}}
{{Infobox philosopher
| region = [[Western philosophy]]
| era
| institutions = [[City College of New York]]
| notable_ideas =
| name = Massimo Pigliucci
| image = Massimo Pigliucci.jpg
| caption = Pigliucci in 2013
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|1|16|mf=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Monrovia]],
| death_date =
| death_place =
| main_interests =[[Philosophy of science]]<br />[[pseudoscience|Philosophy of pseudoscience]]<br />[[Relationship between science and religion]]<br />[[Demarcation problem]]
| school_tradition = [[Scientific skepticism]], [[secular humanism]], [[contemporary Stoicism]]
| alma_mater =
* [[University of Tennessee]], [[Ph.D.]] in Philosophy of Science<!--Dissertation: "Dangerous Habits: Examining the Philosophical Baggage of Biological Research".-->
* [[University of Connecticut]], PhD in Biology<!--Dissertation: "Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity in Lobelia spp. and Arabidopsis thaliana".-->
* [[University of Ferrara]], Italy, Doctorate in Genetics<!-- Dissertation: "Karyology, genetics and phenotypic plasticity of Ornithogalum montanum".-->
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|module={{Listen|embed=yes|filename=Massimo Pigliucci voice.ogg|title=<span align="center">Massimo Pigliucci's voice</span>|type=speech|description=<span align="center">[[:File:Massimo Pigliucci voice.ogg|Recorded October 2016]]</span>}}
}}
'''Massimo Pigliucci''' ({{IPA
==Biography==
Pigliucci was born in [[Monrovia, Liberia]] and raised in [[Rome, Italy|Rome]].<ref name=cvitae/> He has a doctorate in [[genetics]] from the [[University of Ferrara]], [[Italy]], a PhD in biology from the [[University of Connecticut]], and a PhD in [[philosophy of science]] from the [[University of Tennessee]].<ref name=ShortBio>{{cite web |url=http://www.lehman.edu/deanhum/philosophy/platofootnote/PlatoFootnote.org/Plato_files/bio.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806205207/http://www.lehman.edu/deanhum/philosophy/platofootnote/PlatoFootnote.org/Plato_files/bio.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-08-06 |title=Massimo Pigliucci
Pigliucci was formerly a professor of [[ecology]] and evolution at [[Stony Brook University]]. He explored [[phenotypic plasticity]], [[genotype]]–environment interactions, [[natural selection]], and the constraints imposed on natural selection by the genetic and developmental makeup of organisms.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lehman.edu/deanhum/philosophy/platofootnote/PlatoFootnote.org/Papers.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805080631/http://www.lehman.edu/deanhum/philosophy/platofootnote/PlatoFootnote.org/Papers.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-08-05 |title=Massimo Pigliucci
Pigliucci has written regularly for ''[[Skeptical Inquirer]]'' on topics such as [[climate change denial]], [[intelligent design]], [[pseudoscience]], and philosophy.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Committee for Skeptical Inquiry |url=http://www.csicop.org/author/massimopigliucci/ |title=Massimo Pigliucci |access-date=2013-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121034426/http://www.csicop.org/author/massimopigliucci/ |archive-date=2015-11-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has also written for ''[[Philosophy Now]]'' and maintains a blog called "Rationally Speaking".<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://rationallyspeaking.blogspot.com/|title=Rationally Speaking|website=rationallyspeaking.blogspot.com|access-date=2009-06-05|archive-date=2020-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820050149/http://rationallyspeaking.blogspot.com//|url-status=live}}</ref> He has debated "deniers of evolution" ([[young-earth creationists]] and [[intelligent design]] proponents), including young earth creationists [[Duane Gish]] and [[Kent Hovind]] and intelligent design proponents [[William Dembski]] and [[Jonathan Wells (intelligent design advocate)|Jonathan Wells]], on many occasions.<ref name="denying" /><ref>{{cite news | url=http://old.richarddawkins.net/audio/606-evolution-debate-pigliucci-vs-hovind | title=Evolution Debate
His latest podcast Stoic Meditations<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anchor.fm/stoicmeditations|title=Stoic Meditations • A podcast on Anchor|website=Anchor|access-date=2020-06-22|archive-date=2020-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820050158/https://anchor.fm/stoicmeditations/|url-status=live}}</ref> consists of readings from the ancient Stoics, followed by his commentary to interpret the reading and put it into context.
==Critical thinking and skepticism==
{{for|his views on the [[Search for extraterrestrial intelligence]]|Search for extraterrestrial intelligence#Massimo Pigliucci}}
Pigliucci is an [[atheist]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rationallyspeaking.blogspot.com/2008/08/excommunicated-by-atheists.html |last=Pigliucci |first=Massimo |date=18 August 2008 |title=Excommunicated by the Atheists! |access-date=5 June 2009 |archive-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820050152/http://rationallyspeaking.blogspot.com/2008/08/excommunicated-by-atheists.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but does not believe that science necessarily demands atheism, because of two distinctions: that between [[methodological naturalism]] and [[philosophical naturalism]], and that between [[Fact-value distinction|value judgements and matters of fact]]. He believes that many scientists and science educators fail to appreciate these differences.<ref name=nature/> Pigliucci has criticized [[New Atheism|New Atheist]] writers for embracing what he considers to be [[scientism]] (although he largely excludes philosopher [[Daniel Dennett]] from this charge).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pigliucci, M.
Pigliucci describes the mission of skeptics, referencing [[Carl Sagan]]'s ''[[The Demon-Haunted World]]'' saying "What skeptics are about is to keep that candle lit and spread it as much as possible".<ref name=skepticzone>{{cite podcast |url=http://skepticzone.libsyn.com/webpage/2010/09 |title=The Skeptic Zone #101 |host=[[Richard Saunders (skeptic)|Richard Saunders]] |date=24 September 2010 |time=32:50 |access-date=20 July 2014 |archive-date=9 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509023030/http://skepticzone.libsyn.com/webpage/2010/09 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pigliucci serves on the board of NYC Skeptics and on the advisory board of the [[Secular Coalition for America]].<ref name=coalition/>
In 1998, he debated [[William Lane Craig]] over the [[existence of God]] at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.<ref>‘The Craig-Pigliucci Debate: Does God Exist?’, Leadership University, accessed 17 October 2021, http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/craig-pigliucci0.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017134612/http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/craig-pigliucci0.html |date=2021-10-17 }}.</ref> Also in 2001 he debated Craig about the same topic.<ref>Moreland, J.P. (2013). ''Debating Christian Theism''.
Massimo Pigliucci criticized the [[newspaper]] article by [[Pope Francis]] entitled, "An open dialogue with non-believers". Pigliucci viewed the article as a monologue rather than a dialogue and, in a response personally addressed to Pope Francis, wrote that the Pope only offered non-believers "a reaffirmation of entirely unsubstantiated fantasies about God and his Son...followed by a confusion between the concept of love and truth, the whole peppered by a significant amount of historical revisionism and downright denial of the ugliest facets of your Church."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rationallyspeaking.blogspot.co.uk/2013/09/dear-pope.html |title=Dear Pope |last=Pigliucci |first=Massimo |date=20 September 2013 |website=Rationally Speaking |access-date=26 September 2013 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927205321/http://rationallyspeaking.blogspot.co.uk/2013/09/dear-pope.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Stoicism===
Pigliucci became a popularizer of Stoicism and one of the driving forces in Stoicism's resurgence in the United States in the early twenty
===Neoskepticism===
In 2021 Pigliucci announced<ref>{{cite web| url = https://philosophyasawayoflife.medium.com/beyond-stoicism-an-ongoing-spiritual-cognitive-journey-fa9f51ad809d| title = Beyond Stoicism? An ongoing spiritual-cognitive journey {{!}} by Philosophy as a Way of Life {{!}} Medium| access-date = 2021-11-30| archive-date = 2021-11-30| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211130163721/https://philosophyasawayoflife.medium.com/beyond-stoicism-an-ongoing-spiritual-cognitive-journey-fa9f51ad809d| url-status = live}}</ref> a shift of interest away from Stoicism and towards, as he said, "a new synthesis, something that I have called Neoskepticism, and which uses the combined insights of the ancient [[Academic Skepticism|Skeptics]] and Stoics to craft a better way to think about and especially live one’s life."
===On consciousness===
Pigliucci has criticized [[David Chalmers]]' [[
===Rationally Speaking===
In August 2000
==Bibliography==
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===Books===
[[File:Philosophy of Pseudoscience.jpg|thumb|upright|Cover of ''Philosophy of Pseudoscience'']]
* {{cite book |author1=Schlichting, Carl |author2=Pigliucci, Massimo |title=Phenotypic evolution : a reaction norm perspective |location=Sunderland, Mass. |publisher=Sinauer |year=1998}}▼
* ''Tales of the Rational'' (Freethought Press, 2000): A series of essays on atheism, [[straw-man]] arguments, creationism and the like.▼
▲*{{cite book |author1=Schlichting, Carl |author2=Pigliucci, Massimo |title=Phenotypic evolution : a reaction norm perspective |location=Sunderland, Mass. |publisher=Sinauer |year=1998}}
* ''Phenotypic Plasticity'' ([[Johns Hopkins University Press]], 2001): A technical volume on research concerning [[nature and nurture]] questions.▼
▲*''Tales of the Rational'' (Freethought Press, 2000): A series of essays on atheism, [[straw-man]] arguments, creationism and the like.
* ''Denying Evolution: Creationism, Scientism, and the Nature of Science.'' (Sinauer, 2002) {{ISBN|0-87893-659-9}}: This book covers the evolution-creation controversy, better science teaching, and why people have difficulties with critical thinking.▼
▲*''Phenotypic Plasticity'' ([[Johns Hopkins University Press]], 2001): A technical volume on research concerning [[nature and nurture]] questions.
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=g9pVvz8hU_sC Phenotypic Integration]'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 2003) {{ISBN|0195160436}}: A collection of technical essays on the evolution of complex biological organs.
▲*''Denying Evolution: Creationism, Scientism, and the Nature of Science.'' (Sinauer, 2002) {{ISBN|0-87893-659-9}}: This book covers the evolution-creation controversy, better science teaching, and why people have difficulties with critical thinking.
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=
* ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Answers_for_Aristotle.html?id=laZensALMSgC Answers for Aristotle: How Science and Philosophy Can Lead Us to a More Meaningful Life]'' ([[Basic Books]], 2012, {{ISBN|978-0-465-02138-3}})
* ''[https://books.google.com/books
* ''
* ''The Stoic Guide to a Happy Life''▼
* ''A Handbook for New Stoics: How to Thrive in a World Out of Your
▲*''The Stoic Guide to a Happy Life''
▲*''A Handbook for New Stoics: How to Thrive in a World Out of Your Control—52 Week-by-Week Lessons''
===Articles===
The following are a select few of Pigliucci's articles. Some may be found at the [[Internet Infidels]]' [[Secular Web]].
* {{cite journal |author-mask=0 |last1=Pigliucci |first1=M. |title=Is evolutionary psychology a pseudoscience? |journal=Skeptical Inquirer |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=23–24 |year=2006 |url=https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2006/03/22164612/p23.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909220407/https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2006/03/22164612/p23.pdf }}
* {{cite journal |author-mask=0 |last1=Pigliucci |first1=M. |title=Science and fundamentalism |journal=[[EMBO Reports]] |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=
* {{cite journal |author-mask=0 |last1=Pigliucci |first1=M. |title=The power and perils of metaphors in science |journal=Skeptical Inquirer |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=20–21 |year=2005 }}
* {{cite journal |author-mask=0 |last1=Pigliucci |first1=M. |title=What is philosophy of science good for? |journal=Philosophy Now |volume=44 |pages=45 |date=January–February 2004 |url=http://philosophynow.org/issues/44/What_is_Philosophy_of_Science_Good_For}}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Pigliucci M, Banta J, Bossu C, etal |title=The alleged fallacies of evolutionary theory |journal=Philosophy Now |volume=46 |pages=36–39 |date=May–June 2004 |url=http://philosophynow.org/issues/46/The_Alleged_Fallacies_of_Evolutionary_Theory}}
* "The Virtuous Skeptic". ''Skeptical Inquirer''. 41 (2):
<small>Additional articles can be found on his web sites (see "External Links" below).</small>
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|}
<gallery mode="packed">
20110409-542-NECSS2011.jpg|Pigliucci speaking at [[NECSS]] 2011
Massimo Pigliucci CSICon 2018 The Variety of Scientists and the Limitations of Science.jpg|Pigliucci speaking at [[CSICon]] 2018
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==References==
<!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->
{{reflist|2|refs=
}}
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|lcheading=
|viaf= 77472624}}
* {{commons
*
* [https://thephilosophygarden.substack.com/ The Philosophy Garden: Stoicism and Beyond] - Pigliucci's Substack (active as of December 2, 2024)
* [https://www.patreon.com/m/MassimoPigliucci Massimo Pigliucci's new blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620162343/https://www.patreon.com/m/MassimoPigliucci |date=June 20, 2020 }} on Patreon
* [
* [
* [https://rationallyspeaking.blogspot.com/ Rationally Speaking] – blog by Pigliucci about skepticism and humanism
* [http://rationallyspeakingpodcast.com Dr. Pigliucci's] Rationally Speaking Podcast
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010423134451/http://www.secweb.org/bookstore/author.asp?AuthorID=6 Massimo Pigliucci] on [[Secular Web]] * [http://www.philosophyandtheoryinbiology.org ''Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology'']
* {{Google Scholar id|DJSmIwoAAAAJ}}
* {{IMDb name|nm6572236}}
{{Philosophy of science}}
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[[Category:Italian geneticists]]
[[Category:University of Ferrara alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian philosophers]]
[[Category:21st-century Italian philosophers]]
[[Category:Italian biologists]]
[[Category:Italian
[[Category:Italian humanists]]
[[Category:Italian skeptics]]
[[Category:Atheist philosophers]]
[[Category:Lehman College faculty]]
[[Category:Stony Brook University faculty]]
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