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{{Short description|Slovenian light aircraft}}
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2022}}
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
|name = Panthera
|logo = <!--ONLY for an individual logo of the aircraft model, (NOT the main manufacturer logo)-->
|image = File:Pipistrel Panthera aircraftS5-MPT 03.JPG
|caption =
}}{{Infobox Aircraftaircraft Typetype
|type=[[Light aircraft]]
|manufacturer = [[Pipistrel]]
Line 10 ⟶ 13:
|designer =
|first flight = April 4, 2013<ref name=first_flight/><ref name=first_flight_video/>
|introduction = 2013<ref name="eco_friend">{{cite web|url = http://www.ecofriend.com/entry/panthera-pipistrels-new-four-seater-electric-plane-for-clean-aviation/|title = Panthera: Pipistrel's new four seater electric plane for clean aviation|accessdate = 2011-11-25|url-status = dead|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111125155630/http://www.ecofriend.com/entry/panthera-pipistrels-new-four-seater-electric-plane-for-clean-aviation|archivedate = 2011-11-25|df = }}</ref> Part 23 certification anticipated for 2015in 2022<ref name="Panthera_website" /><ref name="present_panthera">{{cite web|url=http://www.pipistrel.si/news/ladies-and-gentlemen-we-proudly-present-the-panthera|title=Ladies and gentlemen, we proudly present.... the PANTHERA!|accessdate=2012-04-19|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120616003838/http://www.pipistrel.si/news/ladies-and-gentlemen-we-proudly-present-the-panthera|archivedate = 16 June 2012}}</ref>
|retired = <!--date the aircraft left military or revenue service. If vague or multiples, it probably should be skipped-->
|status = <!--in most cases, this field is redundant; use it sparingly-->In development
|more users = <!--limited to three "more users" total; please separate with <br/>
|primary user =
|more users = <!--limited to three "more users" total; please separate with <br/>-->
|produced = <!--years in production, e.g. 1970-1999, if still in active use but no longer built-->
|number built =
|program cost= <!-- total program cost. -->
|unit cost = {{plainlist|
* [[US Dollar|USD]]$500,000<ref name="AVweb">{{cite web|url = http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/pipistrel_panthera_hybrid_electric_four_aircraft_airplane_204723-1.html|title = Panthera: Is This The Plane To Catch?|accessdate = 2011-12-16}}</ref>
* [[US dollar|USD]]$424,800<ref name="blog.cafefoundation.org">{{cite web|url = http://blog.cafefoundation.org/?p=3202|title =Pipistrel’s Panthera Pounces|accessdate = 2011-12-16}}</ref>
* [[Euro|EUR]]€400,000<ref name="tech_vehi">{{cite web|url = http://www.technologicvehicles.com/en/actualite-mobilite-verte/790/un-nouvel-avion-electrique-4-places-pour-pipi|title = A new 4 seater electric plane for Pipistrel, the Panthera|accessdate = 2011-11-25}}</ref>
}}
|developed from =
|variants with their own articles = <!-- variants OF the topic type -->
}}
|}
 
The '''Pipistrel Panthera''' is a lightweight, all-composite, highly efficient four-seat aircraft under development by [[Pipistrel]] of [[Slovenia]].<ref name=eco_friend/><ref name="tech_vehi">{{cite web|url = http://www.technologicvehicles.com/en/actualite-mobilite-verte/790/un-nouvel-avion-electrique-4-places-pour-pipi|title = A new 4 seater electric plane for Pipistrel, the Panthera|accessdate = 2011-11-25}}</ref><ref name="avweb">{{cite web|url=http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/pipistrel_panthera_hybrid_electric_four_aircraft_airplane_204723-1.html|title=Panthera: Is This The Plane To Catch?|accessdate=2011-11-26}}</ref><ref name="automoto">{{cite web|url=http://www.automotto.com/entry/travel-made-effortless-with-pipistrels-new-four-seater-panthera/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504175048/http://www.automotto.com/entry/travel-made-effortless-with-pipistrels-new-four-seater-panthera/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-05-04|title=Travel made effortless with Pipistrel's new four seater Panthera|accessdate=2011-11-26}}</ref><ref name="KitplanesDec2012">Bernard, Mary and Suzanne B. Bopp: ''What's Coming?'', Kitplanes, Volume 29, Number 12, December 2012, page 29. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851</ref>
The '''Pipistrel Panthera''' is a lightweight, all-composite, highly efficient four-place aircraft under development by [[Pipistrel]]
of [[Slovenia]].<ref name=eco_friend/><ref name=tech_vehi/><ref name="avweb">{{cite web|url=http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/pipistrel_panthera_hybrid_electric_four_aircraft_airplane_204723-1.html|title=Panthera: Is This The Plane To Catch?|accessdate=2011-11-26}}</ref><ref name="automoto">{{cite web|url=http://www.automotto.com/entry/travel-made-effortless-with-pipistrels-new-four-seater-panthera/|title=Travel made effortless with Pipistrel's new four seater Panthera|accessdate=2011-11-26}}</ref><ref name="KitplanesDec2012">Bernard, Mary and Suzanne B. Bopp: ''What's Coming?'', Kitplanes, Volume 29, Number 12, December 2012, page 29. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851</ref>
 
The gasolinepetrol-powered version of the Panthera is intended to cruise at {{convert|202|kn|198 KTAS (366.7 km/h|abbr=on}}) at 8,000 feet for over {{convert|1000|1,000 nmi| (1,852 km|0|abbr=on}}) with a 10 US14.8 gph (3756 lphL/h) fuel burn. There are two other versions planned, one with a 145&nbsp;kW hybrid-electric power system, and the other with a 145&nbsp;kW pure electric system. These two latter variants will only seat two people to accommodate the electric systems.<ref name=eco_friend/><ref name=tech_vehi/><ref name="avweb" /><ref name="automoto" /><ref name="KitplanesDec2012" />
 
The company intendsis to offeroffering the Panthera as an [[experimental aircraft]], firsteither factory-built or as a [[Homebuilt aircraft|kit]] for amateur construction, andwith may laterthe [[Type certificate|type certifycertified]] itvariant expected in 2022.<ref name="KitplanesDec2012Panthera_website" />
 
==Development==
==Design and development==
[[File:PipistrelS5-DTP Panthera reveal(7822373584).jpg|thumb|right|Pipistrel Panthera roll-outpublic presentation at AERO Friedrichshafen 2012]]
 
In May 2011, Pipistrel was working on constructing the prototype, powered by the Lycoming engine, with all of the aircraft molds already completed. The first flight was planned for autumn of the same year, with the aircraft being tested the following summer with the electric technologies derived from the [[Centennial Challenges#Green flight challenge|Green Flight Challenge]] electric [[Pipistrel Taurus|electric Taurus]] project. It willshould be initially offered in kit form, and Pipistrel indicated that construction will take place in Italy.<ref name="piloter">{{cite web|url = http://www.pilotermag.com/Pilotermag/Le_Blog/Entrees/2011/5/30_DES_NOUVELLES_DU_PANTHERA.html|title=Des Nouvelles du Panthera|accessdate = 2011-11-25|language=fr}}</ref>
 
A test aircraft was presented at [[AERO Friedrichshafen]] 2012 in April 2012. On March 29, 2013, the Panthera had its first successful engine start, using a {{convert|210|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Lycoming engine,<ref name="firstenginestart">{{cite web|url=http://www.panthera-aircraft.com/news#panthera-successful-first-engine-start|title=Panthera: successful first engine start|accessdate=2013-04-03|date=29 March 2013}}</ref> and subsequently began taxi tests<ref name=firstenginestart/><ref name="enginestartvideo">{{cite video |people= |date=28 March 2013 | title= PANTHERA - first roll-out and engine start |url=http://www.pipistrel.si/en/file/download/365_c221ae612b75/Panthera%20_first_start.wmv |format=WMV Video file|medium=Pipistrel News |publisher=Pipistrel |location=Ajdovščina, Slovenia |accessdate=3 April 2013 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171119192235/http://www.pipistrel.si/en/file/download/365_c221ae612b75/Panthera%20_first_start.wmv|archivedate = 19 November 2017}}</ref> in preparation for the "complete flight test programme".<ref name=firstenginestart/> The Pipistrel Panthera made its 54-minute maiden flight less than one week later on April 4, starting the evaluations of performance, handling and systems in flight.<ref name="first_flight">{{cite web|url = http://www.pipistrel.si/news/the-maiden-flight-of-the-panthera|title = The maiden flight of the Panthera|accessdate = 2013-04-07|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20170401020819/http://www.pipistrel.si/news/the-maiden-flight-of-the-panthera |archivedate = 1 April 2017}}</ref><ref name=first_flight_video>{{cite video |people= |date=5 April 2013 |title= Panthera maiden flight |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDYv9b4J7ps |format=Flash video |medium=Youtube |publisher=Pipistrel EcoLution |location=[[Cerklje ob Krki Airport|Cerklje ob Krki Airport, Slovenia]] |accessdate=7 April 2013 |time= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= }}</ref> Less than one month later, the Panthera flew over the [[Alps]] to the Aero fair at the [[Friedrichshafen Airport]].<ref name=friedrichshafen>{{cite web|url = http://www.pipistrel.si/news/panthera-is-going-to-aero-expo--by-air|title = Panthera is going to AERO Expo - by air!|accessdate = 2013-04-23|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170401020633/http://www.pipistrel.si/news/panthera-is-going-to-aero-expo--by-air|archivedate = 1 April 2017}}</ref>
Features of the aircraft will include an airframe parachute designed for use at high speeds and low altitudes<ref name=vid_interview_parachute>{{cite video |people= |year=2012 |title=Pipistrel Panthera |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gApX-cAYMs |format=Flash video |medium=Youtube |trans_title= |publisher=Pipistrel USA |location=Friedrichshafen, Germany |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=19 April 2012 |time=1:40 |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }}</ref> and a glass cockpit.<ref name=eco_friend/> The Pipistrel Panthera has an all-composite airframe, made from carbon fiber, glass fiber, and kevlar, and it sports trailing-link electric landing gear made of titanium and aluminum alloys,<ref name=vid_interview_compos&landing_gear>{{cite video|year=2012 |title=Pipistrel Panthera |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gApX-cAYMs |format=Flash video |medium=Youtube|publisher=Pipistrel USA |location=Friedrichshafen, Germany|accessdate=19 April 2012 |time=1:15}}</ref> which will be of benefit for operations from grass runways.<ref name=avweb_interview_traillink>{{cite video|year=2012 |title=Pipistrel Panthera Revealed|url=http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/exclusivevids/ExclusiveVideo_Aero2012_PipistrelPanthera_206547-1.html |format=Flash video |medium=Youtube|publisher=AvWeb |location=Ajdovščina, Slovenia |accessdate=19 April 2012 |time=1:40}}</ref> The composite materials used for the exterior of the aircraft were selected in part based on their ability to withstand lightning strikes,<ref name=lightningprotection>{{cite web|url = http://www.panthera-aircraft.com/news |title = Lightning Strike Test|accessdate = 2013-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite video |people= |year=2013 |title= Lightning Strike Test - Panthera Aircraft by Pipistrel - Episode 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Nly5GbDHfA |format=Flash video |medium=Youtube |trans_title= |publisher=PipistrelOfficial |location=Milan Vidmar Electric Power Research Institute, Lubljana, Slovenia |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=18 February 2012 |time= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }}</ref> which merit increased consideration when employing composite materials instead of a traditional aluminum airframe.<ref name=nasalightning>{{Citation| last1 = Szatkowski | first1 = George | last2 = Nguyen | first2 = Truong | last3 = Koppen | first3 = Sandra |last4=Ely|first4=Jay|last5 = Mielnik | first5 = John | title=Electrical Characterizations of Lightning Strike Protection Techniques for Composite Materials|publisher=NASA Langley Research Center|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20090034169|format=PDF|accessdate=18 Feb 2013|publication-date=15 Sep 2009}}</ref>
 
In March 2014 it was announced that the intended four-cylinder [[Lycoming IO-390]] powerplant will be replaced by a six-cylinder [[Lycoming IO-540]]. The change was made due to [[Lycoming Engines]] not planning to certify the IO-390 for automotive fuel as an option. The IO-540 will provide the same cruise performance and fuel economy, but it weighs {{convert|41|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} more. However, it will allow the Panthera's gross weight to be increased by {{convert|95.25|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} to make up for the extra weight. The aircraft will use the existing cowling, which was originally designed to accommodate a six-cylinder engine anyway.<ref name="Bertorelli03Mar14">{{cite news|url = http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Pipistrel-Switches-Engines-for-Panthera221540-1.html|title = Pipistrel Switches Engines for Panthera|accessdate = 8 March 2014|last = Bertorelli|first = Paul|date = 3 March 2014| work = AVweb}}</ref>
 
The [[European Union|EU]]-funded the [[Hypstair]] program over three years till 2016: a Panthera mockup received a [[serial hybrid]]-electric powertrain, ground testing a 200-kW motor driven by batteries only, by a 100-kW generator-only and by both combined.<ref name=AvWeek7aug2018/>
==Operational history==
It is followed by [[Modular Hybrid Electric Propulsion Architecture|Mahepa]] project from 2017, EU-funded over four years.<ref name=AvWeek7aug2018/>
A test article was introduced at [[AERO Friedrichshafen]] 2012 in April 2012. On March 29, 2013, the Panthera had its first successful engine start, using a {{convert|210|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Lycoming engine,<ref name="firstenginestart">{{cite web|url=http://www.panthera-aircraft.com/news#panthera-successful-first-engine-start|title=Panthera: successful first engine start|accessdate=2013-04-03|date=29 March 2013}}</ref> and subsequently began taxi tests<ref name=firstenginestart/><ref name="enginestartvideo">{{cite video |people= |date=28 March 2013 | title= PANTHERA - first roll-out and engine start |url=http://www.pipistrel.si/en/file/download/365_c221ae612b75/Panthera%20_first_start.wmv |format=WMV Video file|medium=Pipistrel News |trans_title= |publisher=Pipistrel |location=Ajdovščina, Slovenia |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=3 April 2013 |time= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }}</ref> in preparation for the "complete flight test programme".<ref name=firstenginestart/> The Pipistrel Panthera made its 54-minute maiden flight less than one week later on April 4, starting the evaluations of performance, handling and systems in flight.<ref name="first_flight">{{cite web|url = http://www.pipistrel.si/news/the-maiden-flight-of-the-panthera|title = The maiden flight of the Panthera|accessdate = 2013-04-07}}</ref><ref name=first_flight_video>{{cite video |people= |date=5 April 2013 |title= Panthera maiden flight |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDYv9b4J7ps |format=Flash video |medium=Youtube |trans_title= |publisher=Pipistrel EcoLution |location=[[Cerklje ob Krki Airport|Cerklje ob Krki Airport, Slovenia]] |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=7 April 2013 |time= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }}</ref> Less than one month later, the Panthera flew over the [[Alps]] to the Aero fair at the [[Friedrichshafen Airport]].<ref name=friedrichshafen>{{cite web|url = http://www.pipistrel.si/news/panthera-is-going-to-aero-expo--by-air|title = Panthera is going to AERO Expo - by air!|accessdate = 2013-04-23}}</ref>
The Panthera drivetrain will be divided in modules: [[electric motor]] thrust generator and [[internal combustion]] power generator in the nose, [[human-machine interface]] and [[computing]], fuel and batteries in the wing.<ref name=AvWeek7aug2018/>
Ground testing is planned for 2019 before flight tests in 2020.<ref name=AvWeek7aug2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/future-aerospace/european-project-benchmark-hybrid-electric-propulsion |title= European Project To Benchmark Hybrid-Electric Propulsion |date= Aug 7, 2018 |author= Graham Warwick |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref> In October 2021, Pipistrel and the Mahepa consortium announced the hybrid-electric version of the Panthera has completed the first phase of its flight test program.<ref>{{cite web |title=MAHEPA Panthera sets the final milestone on the road to greener aviation |url=https://www.pipistrel-aircraft.com/mahepa-panthera-sets-the-final-milestone-on-the-road-to-greener-aviation/ |website=Pipistrel |access-date=28 October 2021 |date=27 October 2021}}</ref>
 
==Design==
Features of the aircraft will include an airframe [[ballistic parachute]] designed for use at high speeds and low altitudes<ref name=vid_interview_parachute>{{cite video |people= |year=2012 |title=Pipistrel Panthera |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gApX-cAYMs |format=Flash video |medium=Youtube |publisher=Pipistrel USA |location=Friedrichshafen, Germany |accessdate=19 April 2012 |time=1:40 |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= }}</ref> and a [[glass cockpit]].<ref name=eco_friend/> The Pipistrel Panthera has an all-composite airframe, made from carbon fiber, glass fiber, and kevlar, and it sports trailing-link electrically retractible landing gear made of titanium and aluminum alloys,<ref name=vid_interview_compos&landing_gear>{{cite video|year=2012 |title=Pipistrel Panthera |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gApX-cAYMs |format=Flash video |medium=Youtube|publisher=Pipistrel USA |location=Friedrichshafen, Germany|accessdate=19 April 2012 |time=1:15}}</ref> which will be of benefit for operations from grass runways.<ref name=avweb_interview_traillink>{{cite video|year=2012 |title=Pipistrel Panthera Revealed|url=http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/exclusivevids/ExclusiveVideo_Aero2012_PipistrelPanthera_206547-1.html |format=Flash video |medium=Youtube|publisher=AvWeb |location=Ajdovščina, Slovenia |accessdate=19 April 2012 |time=1:40}}</ref> The composite materials used for the exterior of the aircraft were selected in part based on their ability to withstand lightning strikes,<ref name=lightningprotection>{{cite web|url = http://www.panthera-aircraft.com/news |title = Lightning Strike Test|accessdate = 2013-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite video |people= |year=2013 |title= Lightning Strike Test - Panthera Aircraft by Pipistrel - Episode 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Nly5GbDHfA |format=Flash video |medium=Youtube |publisher=PipistrelOfficial |location=Milan Vidmar Electric Power Research Institute, Lubljana, Slovenia |accessdate=18 February 2012 |time= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= }}</ref> which merit increased consideration when employing composite materials instead of a traditional aluminum airframe.<ref name=nasalightning>{{Citation| last1 = Szatkowski | first1 = George | last2 = Nguyen | first2 = Truong | last3 = Koppen | first3 = Sandra |last4=Ely|first4=Jay|last5 = Mielnik | first5 = John | title=Electrical Characterizations of Lightning Strike Protection Techniques for Composite Materials|publisher=NASA Langley Research Center|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20090034169|format=PDF|accessdate=18 Feb 2013|date=15 Sep 2009}}</ref>
 
==Variants==
;Panthera (IO-390)
:Initial experimental variant powered by a Lycoming IO-390, {{cvt|210|hp|kW}} engine. 1 unit built.<ref name="Bertorelli03Mar14" />
;Panthera (IO-540)
:Experimental variant powered by a Lycoming IO-540, {{cvt|260|hp|kW}} engine.<ref name="Panthera_website" />
;Panthera Individual
:Experimental homebuilt kit variant powered by a Lycoming IO-540 engine.<ref name="Panthera_website" />
;Panthera EASA TC
:EASA CS-23 type-certified variant, powered by a Lycoming IO-540 engine. Launch expected in 2022.<ref name="Panthera_website" />
;Panthera Hybrid
:Variant equipped with a hybrid-electric powertrain. In development.<ref name="Panthera_website" />
;Panthera Electro
:Battery-powered fully electric variant. In development.<ref name="Panthera_website" />
 
==Specifications==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=''manufacturer’s website''<ref name=Pipistrel_tech_dataPanthera_website>{{cite web | url=httphttps://www.pantherapipistrel-aircraft.com/technical-dataaircraft/cruising/panthera/ | title=TechnicalPipistrel sheetPanthera webpage | accessdate=20152020-07-0127|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200726071257/https://www.pipistrel-aircraft.com/aircraft/cruising/panthera/|archive-date= 26 July 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|prime units?=impmet<!-- imp or kts first for US aircraft, and UK aircraft pre-metrification, met(ric) first for all others. You MUST choose a format, or no specifications will show -->
<!--
General characteristics
Line 58 ⟶ 70:
|capacity=three passengers
|length m=8.07
|length ft=
|length in=
|length note=
|span m=10.86
|span ft=
|span in=
|span note=
|height m=2.19
|height ft=
|height in=
|height note=
|wing area sqm=11.2
|wing area sqft=
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=815
|empty weight lb=
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=1315
|fuel capacity ={{convert|210|L}}
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity ={{convert|210|l}}
|more general=
<!--
Line 89 ⟶ 81:
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Lycoming IO-540|Lycoming IO-540-V4A5]]
|eng1 type=six cylinder piston [[aircraft engine]]
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=260<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 note=Variants will include a hybrid system and a pure electric option, each {{convert|150|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} continuous power.
|eng note=
|prop blade number=3<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|propmore notepower=
|more power=. Variants will include a hybrid system and a pure electric option, each {{convert|145|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}.
<!--
Performance
-->
|perfhide=
|maxcruise speed kmhkts=194
|maxcruise speed mphnote=at 75% power, FL080
|maxstall speed kts=55
|max speed note=
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed kts=198
|cruise speed note=8000ft 75% power
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=60
|stall speed note=flaps extended
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=220
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=1000
|range note=at 155 KTAS, FL120, with 4 people aboard
|range note=, Hybrid range is {{convert|1220|km|mi|0|order=flip|disp=or|abbr=on}}; Electric range is {{convert|400|km|mi|0|order=flip|disp=or|abbr=on}}
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=25000
|climb rate ftmin=1300
|ceiling note=; ceiling for hybrid versions is {{convert|20000|ft|m|0|disp=flip|abbr=on}}.
|climb rate note=at MTOM and [[V speeds|V<sub>Y</sub>]]
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|glide ratio=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=1550
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|more performance=
|wing loading note=
*'''Fuel consumption:'''{{convert|14.8|USgal|L|abbr=on}} per hour
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|fuel consumption gal/h=14.8
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=
|avionics=
*[[Garmin]] G3X GDU 460 dual 10-inch display [[Primary flight display|PFD]] and [[Multi-function display|MFD]]
*Garmin GMC 307 2-axis GPS-slaved digital autopilot
*Garmin GTN 750 Xi Com/Nav/IFR GPS
*Garmin GTX 345R Transponder
}}
 
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==External links==
{{commons category|Pipistrel Panthera}}
*[httphttps://www.pipistrel-aircraft.sicom/planeaircraft/cruising/panthera/overview Manufacturer Website]
*[http://www.panthera-aircraft.com/ Panthera Website]
*[http://www.avweb.com/podcast/podcast/AudioPodcast_EAAAirVenture2011_PipistrelPanthera_205128-1.html AVweb podcast interview with Pipistrel's Tine Tomazic about the Panthera], 31 July 2011
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*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDYv9b4J7ps Video of Maiden flight]
*[http://www.avweb.com/blogs/insider/A-Visit-to-Pipistrel-221865-1.html Review of the aircraft] on AVweb
*[https://www.avweb.com/multimedia/flight-trial-pipistrels-sleek-panthera/ AVweb video review]
 
{{Pipistrel aircraft}}
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[[Category:Homebuilt aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:2010s Slovenian civilsport aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 2013]]
[[Category:Hybrid electric aircraft]]
[[Category:Pipistrel aircraft|Panthera]]
[[Category:Single-engined piston aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipistrel_Panthera"