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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1860 Arkansas gubernatorial election
| country = Arkansas
|
| flag_image = Flag of the United States (1859–1861).svg<!-- EDITORS NOTE: Please do not replace U.S. flag with the Arkansas flag adopted by the state government in 1913 (53 years after the gubernatorial election) as it would be historically inaccurate. Thank you. -->
| type = gubernatorial
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1856 Arkansas gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1856
| next_election = 1862 Arkansas gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1862 (Confederate)
| election_date = 6 August 1860
| image1 = [[File:Henry Massey Rector.jpg|125px]]
|
| party1 = Independent Democrat
| popular_vote1 = '''32,048'''
| percentage1 = '''52.
| image2 = [[File:No image.svg|125px]]
|
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 28,969
| percentage2 = 47.
| map_image = 1860 Arkansas gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 200px
| map_caption = '''Rector:''' {{legend0|#a9a9a9|50%-60%}} {{legend0|#8d8d8d|60%-70%}} {{legend0|#737373|70%-80%}} {{legend0|#5a5a5a|80%-90%}} {{legend0|#424242|90%-100%}}<br>'''Johnson:''' {{legend0|#A5B0FF|40%-50%}} {{legend0|#7996E2|50%-60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60%-70%}} {{legend0|#584CDE|70%-80%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Elias Nelson Conway]]
Line 30 ⟶ 33:
{{ElectionsAR}}
The '''1860 Arkansas gubernatorial election''' was held on 6 August 1860, in order to elect the [[List of governors of Arkansas|Governor of Arkansas]].
Incumbent two-term governor [[Elias Conway]], member of the powerful [[Conway-Johnson family]] (known as "The Family") which had controlled Arkansas politics since creation of [[Arkansaw Territory]], decided to retire from politics. His chosen successor, Richard H. Johnson, won a [[Democratic Party of Arkansas|Democratic]] nomination heavily influenced by The Family. But Conway's first cousin and former [[List of justices of the Arkansas Supreme Court|Associate Justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court]] [[Henry Rector]] challenged Johnson as an [[Independent Democrat]] and an "outsider" to the Family.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nga.org/governor/henry-massey-rector/|title=Gov. Henry Massey Rector|publisher= National Governors Association|access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref> Though the candidates largely agreed on the issues, Johnson's defeat signaled the end of Family control of state politics.
==Democratic convention==
The Democratic Party of Arkansas was controlled by the Conway-Johnson family, which had dominated antebellum politics in the state. A state convention in the [[Arkansas House of Representatives]] began April 2, 1860. After five days of heated debate, Richard H. Johnson was nominated. Johnson was editor of the ''True Democrat'' newspaper, which had supported the Conway administration. Johnson also had the support of his elder brother, [[Robert W. Johnson]], who Conway had appointed as [[United States Senator]] in 1855. Opponents resented the perpetuation of the Conway-Johnson dynasty.<ref>{{harvp|"Herndon"|1947|p= 160}}.</ref>
==American party convention==
On April 30, the American Party (successors to the [[Know Nothing]] movement), as well as a remaining group of [[Whig Party (United States)|Whigs]] met in [[Helena, Arkansas]]. The group passed resolutions opposing secession, endorsing the nominees to be announced at the [[1860 Constitutional Union Convention]], and nominating Thomas Hubbard, circuit court judge from Hempstead County, as the party's candidate for governor. Given the division created at the Democratic convention, many were optimistic about Hubbard's chances.<ref>{{harvp|"Herndon"|1947|p= 160}}.</ref>
==Rector enters the race==
== General election ==
Line 36 ⟶ 50:
=== Results ===
{{Election box begin no change | title=1860 Arkansas gubernatorial election<ref name="Senate Journal">{{Cite book |last=Arkansas. General Assembly. Senate. |url=http://archive.org/details/esrp871033625 |title=Journal of the Senate of Arkansas : reformatted from the original and including, Journals of the ... session of the General Assembly of the Territory of Arkansas ...}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent Democrat
|candidate = [[Henry
|votes = 32,048
|percentage = 52.
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
Line 47 ⟶ 61:
|candidate = Richard H. Johnson
|votes = 28,969
|percentage = 47.
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Thomas Hubbard
|votes = 220
|percentage = 0.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Write-in
|candidate = Scattering
|votes = 18
|percentage = 0.03
}}
{{Election box total no change|
Line 58 ⟶ 84:
}}
{{Election box end}}
==== Results by county ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Results by county<ref name="Senate Journal" />
! rowspan="2" |County
! colspan="2" |Henry Massey Rector
! colspan="2" |Richard H. Johnson
! colspan="2" |Thomas Hubbard
! colspan="2" |Scattering
! rowspan="2" |Total
|-
!Votes
!%
!Votes
!%
!Votes
!%
!Votes
!%
|-
|Arkansas
|469
|57.76%
|343
|42.24%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|812
|-
|Ashley
|411
|41.81%
|563
|57.27%
|9
|0.92%
|0
|0.00%
|983
|-
|Benton
|914
|56.04%
|717
|43.96%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1631
|-
|Bradley
|750
|62.45%
|451
|37.55%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1201
|-
|Calhoun
|325
|52.00%
|298
|47.68%
|2
|0.32%
|0
|0.00%
|625
|-
|Carroll
|711
|49.34%
|730
|50.66%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1441
|-
|Chicot
|126
|28.44%
|316
|71.33%
|0
|0.00%
|1
|0.23%
|443
|-
|Clark
|665
|43.89%
|847
|55.91%
|3
|0.20%
|0
|0.00%
|1515
|-
|Columbia
|881
|51.49%
|830
|48.51%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1711
|-
|Conway
|725
|62.55%
|434
|37.45%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1159
|-
|Craighead
|494
|78.04%
|139
|21.96%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|633
|-
|Crawford
|531
|45.85%
|626
|54.06%
|0
|0.00%
|1
|0.09%
|1158
|-
|Crittenden
|219
|34.98%
|407
|65.02%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|626
|-
|Dallas
|508
|52.70%
|456
|47.30%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|964
|-
|Desha
|447
|62.78%
|265
|37.22%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|712
|-
|Drew
|865
|64.75%
|471
|35.25%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1336
|-
|Franklin
|726
|66.67%
|355
|32.60%
|0
|0.00%
|8
|0.73%
|1089
|-
|Fulton
|337
|51.85%
|313
|48.15%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|650
|-
|Greene
|827
|86.96%
|124
|13.04%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|951
|-
|Hempstead
|800
|46.08%
|886
|51.04%
|50
|2.88%
|0
|0.00%
|1736
|-
|Hot Spring
|348
|37.26%
|586
|62.74%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|934
|-
|Independence
|1169
|57.47%
|862
|42.38%
|3
|0.15%
|0
|0.00%
|2034
|-
|Izard
|440
|37.01%
|749
|62.99%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1189
|-
|Jackson
|1120
|73.59%
|397
|26.08%
|0
|0.00%
|5
|0.33%
|1522
|-
|Jefferson
|918
|53.59%
|789
|46.06%
|3
|0.18%
|3
|0.18%
|1713
|-
|Johnson
|574
|48.44%
|611
|51.56%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1185
|-
|Lafayette
|203
|26.68%
|505
|66.36%
|53
|6.96%
|0
|0.00%
|761
|-
|Lawrence
|612
|37.45%
|1019
|62.36%
|3
|0.18%
|0
|0.00%
|1634
|-
|Madison
|861
|71.57%
|342
|28.43%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1203
|-
|Marion
|525
|56.94%
|392
|42.52%
|5
|0.54%
|0
|0.00%
|922
|-
|Mississippi
|235
|59.64%
|159
|40.36%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|394
|-
|Monroe
|371
|48.43%
|380
|49.61%
|15
|1.96%
|0
|0.00%
|766
|-
|Montgomery
|164
|26.84%
|447
|73.16%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|611
|-
|Newton
|401
|70.85%
|165
|29.15%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|566
|-
|Ouachita
|820
|50.74%
|796
|49.26%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1616
|-
|Perry
|94
|25.20%
|279
|74.80%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|373
|-
|Phillips
|624
|46.60%
|715
|53.40%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1339
|-
|Pike
|372
|57.50%
|272
|42.04%
|3
|0.46%
|0
|0.00%
|647
|-
|Poinsett
|448
|94.12%
|28
|5.88%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|476
|-
|Polk
|229
|36.64%
|396
|63.36%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|625
|-
|Pope
|494
|41.65%
|692
|58.35%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1186
|-
|Prairie
|854
|60.70%
|553
|39.30%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1407
|-
|Pulaski
|756
|48.03%
|818
|51.97%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1574
|-
|Randolph
|530
|52.89%
|472
|47.11%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1002
|-
|Saline
|572
|48.72%
|602
|51.28%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1174
|-
|Scott
|556
|61.71%
|345
|38.29%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|901
|-
|Searcy
|492
|61.35%
|310
|38.65%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|802
|-
|Sebastian
|1038
|61.06%
|662
|38.94%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1700
|-
|Sevier
|563
|40.80%
|806
|58.41%
|11
|0.80%
|0
|0.00%
|1380
|-
|St. Francis
|691
|56.09%
|541
|43.91%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1232
|-
|Union
|482
|37.48%
|744
|57.85%
|60
|4.67%
|0
|0.00%
|1286
|-
|Van Buren
|428
|46.72%
|488
|53.28%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|916
|-
|Washington
|1305
|57.39%
|969
|42.61%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|2274
|-
|White
|753
|50.67%
|733
|49.33%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1486
|-
|Yell
|275
|26.22%
|774
|73.78%
|0
|0.00%
|0
|0.00%
|1049
|-
!Total
!32048
!52.32%
!28969
!47.29%
!220
!0.36%
!18
!0.03%
!61255
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite book |title=Annals of Arkansas |year=1947 |last= Herndon |first= Dallas T. |volume=1–4 |publisher=The Historical Record Association |location=Hopkinsville, Kentucky |isbn=978-1-56546-450-6 |lccn=48002456 |oclc=3920841 |ref={{harvid|"Herndon"|1947}} }}
{{Arkansas elections}}
[[Category:Arkansas gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:1860 United States gubernatorial elections|Arkansas]]
[[Category:1860 Arkansas elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:August 1860 events]]
[[Category:1860 in Arkansas]]
[[Category:Government of Arkansas]]
[[Category:1860s in Arkansas]]
[[Category:1860s Arkansas elections]]
[[Category:1860 elections]]
[[Category:1860 elections in North America]]
[[Category:1860 elections in the United States]]
[[Category:United States gubernatorial elections in the 1860s]]
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