Bart Simpson: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Fictional character from The Simpsons}}

{{pp|small=yes}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2020}}

* [[Homer Simpson]] (father)

* [[Marge Simpson]] (mother)

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| relatives = {{Plainlist|

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| home = [[The Simpsons house|742 Evergreen Terrace]], [[Springfield (The Simpsons)|Springfield]], United States

}}

 

 

 

 

 

 

==Character==

The entire Simpson family was designed so that they would be recognizable in silhouette.<ref>Groening, Matt. (2005). Commentary for "[[Fear of Flying (The Simpsons)|Fear of Flying]]", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete Sixth Season'' [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.</ref> The family was crudely drawn, because Groening had submitted basic sketches to the animators, assuming they would clean them up; instead, they just traced over his drawings.<ref name="americasfirstfamily"/> Bart's original design, which appeared in the first shorts, had spikier hair, and the spikes were of different lengths. The number was later limited to nine spikes, all of the same size.<ref>[[David Silverman (animator)|Silverman, David]]; [[Wes Archer|Archer, Wes]]. (2004). Illustrated commentary for "[[Treehouse of Horror IV]]", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete Fifth Season'' [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.</ref> At the time Groening was primarily drawing in black and "not thinking that [Bart] would eventually be drawn in color" gave him spikes which appear to be an extension of his head.<ref>[[Mike B. Anderson|Anderson, Mike B.]]; Groening, Matt; [[Pete Michels|Michels, Pete]]; [[Yeardley Smith|Smith, Yeardley]]. (2006). "A Bit From the Animators", Illustrated Commentary for "[[All Singing, All Dancing]]", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete Ninth Season'' [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.</ref> The features of Bart's character design are generally not used in other characters; for example, no other characters in current episodes have Bart's spiky hairline, although several background characters in the first few seasons shared the trait.<ref>Groening, Matt; Reiss, Mike; Kirkland, Mark. (2002). Commentary for "[[Principal Charming]]", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete Second Season'' [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.</ref>

 

 

In the [[The Simpsons season 7|season seven]] (1995) episode "[[Treehouse of Horror VI]]", Bart (along with Homer) was computer-animated into a [[3D computer graphics|three-dimensional]] character for the first time for the "Homer³" segment of the episode. The computer animation was provided by [[Pacific Data Images]].<ref name="3D" /> While designing the 3D model of the character, the animators did not know how they would show Bart's hair. They realized that there were vinyl Bart dolls in production and purchased one to use as a model.<ref name="3D">Oakley, Bill; Weinstein, Josh; Johnson, Tim; Silverman, David; Mirkin, David; Cohen, David X. "Homer in the Third Dimension" (2005), in ''The Simpsons: The Complete Seventh Season'' [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.</ref>

 

===Hallmarks===

 

One of Bart's early hallmarks were his prank calls to [[Moe's Tavern]] owner [[Moe Szyslak]] in which Bart calls Moe and asks for a [[gag name]]. Moe tries to find that person in the bar, but rapidly realizes it is a prank call and (despite not knowing who actually made the call) angrily threatens Bart. These calls were based on a series of prank calls known as the [[Tube Bar prank calls|Tube Bar recordings]]. Moe was based partly on Tube Bar owner [[Louis "Red" Deutsch]], whose often profane responses inspired Moe's violent side.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hudsonreporter.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=15354520&BRD=1291&PAG=461&dept_id=523586&rfi=6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925085614/http://www.hudsonreporter.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=15354520&BRD=1291&PAG=461&dept_id=523586&rfi=6|archive-date=September 25, 2008|title=Joke on 'Simpsons' started in JC|access-date=October 30, 2008|date=August 10, 2005|work=[[Jersey City Reporter]]|last=Kaulessar|first=Ricardo}}</ref> The prank calls debuted in "[[Homer's Odyssey (The Simpsons)|Homer's Odyssey]]" ([[The Simpsons season 1|season one]], 1990), the third episode to air, but were included in "[[Some Enchanted Evening (The Simpsons)|Some Enchanted Evening]]", the first episode of the series that was produced.<ref name="Some">[[James L. Brooks|Brooks, James L.]]; Groening, Matt; Jean, Al. (2001). Commentary for "[[Some Enchanted Evening (The Simpsons)|Some Enchanted Evening]]", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete First Season'' [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.</ref> As the series progressed, it became more difficult for the writers to come up with a fake name and to write Moe's angry response, so the pranks were dropped as a regular joke during the fourth season<ref name="Some"/><ref>Reiss, Mike. (2001). Commentary for "[[Moaning Lisa (The Simpsons)|Moaning Lisa]]", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete First Season'' [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.</ref> but they have occasionally resurfaced on the show.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tv.ign.com/articles/916/916381p1.html|title=The Simpsons: "Lost Verizon" Review|access-date=November 3, 2008|date=October 6, 2005|last=Canning|first=Robert|website=IGN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009060657/http://tv.ign.com/articles/916/916381p1.html|archive-date=October 9, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>

 

[[File:Bart Simpson - Skateboarding.png|thumb|upright=0.65|Bart's nude scene in ''[[The Simpsons Movie]]''.]]

 

===Personality===

{{quote box|width=30em|bgcolor=Khaki|align=right|quote=Like any good [[punk rock]]er, Bart had the nihilism thing down from the very beginning. Though not so much pissed off as extremely undisciplined, the Bart Simpson of the ''Ullman'' shorts is either fighting with his sister, inciting his father into murderous levels of rage, executing dangerous stunts that end in cartoonish levels of disaster, or simply spitting snarky [[one-line joke|one-liners]] at whatever authority figures cross his path. This appetite for destruction continued to be the defining feature of the smart-assed boy who dominated many episodes of the first few seasons of ''The Simpsons''–the version that spawned Bart-mania–though his methods and motivations show considerably more nuance than the white-trash Bart of the ''Ullman'' era.|source=—&nbsp;Chris Turner, author{{sfn|Turner|2004|p=124}}}}

 

 

Bart's rebellious attitude has made him a disruptive student at [[Springfield Elementary School]], where he is an underachiever and proud of it.<ref name="Gets an F">{{cite episode|title=Bart Gets an "F"|episode-link=Bart Gets an "F"|series=The Simpsons|credits=[[David M. Stern|Stern, David M.]]; Silverman, David|network=Fox|airdate=October 11, 1990|season=02|number=01}}</ref> He is constantly at odds with his teacher [[Edna Krabappel|Ms. Krabappel]], [[Principal Skinner]], and occasionally [[Groundskeeper Willie]].<ref>{{cite episode|title=Girly Edition|episode-link=Girly Edition|series=The Simpsons|credits=[[Larry Doyle (writer)|Doyle, Larry]]; Kirkland, Mark|network=Fox|airdate=April 19, 1998|season=09|number=21}}</ref> Bart does poorly in school and is well aware of it, having once declared, "I am dumb, okay? Dumb as a post! Think I'm happy about it?"<ref name="Gets an F"/> On one occasion, Lisa successfully proves that Bart is dumber than a [[hamster]], although Bart ultimately outsmarts her.<ref name="Duffless">{{cite episode|title=Duffless|episode-link=Duffless|series=The Simpsons|credits=Stern, David M.; Reardon, Jim|network=Fox|airdate=February 18, 1993|season=04|number=16}}</ref> Bart's thoughts are often illogical; he once thought if he died and reincarnated as a butterfly, he would be able to burn the school down without being suspected, thinking that he would be able to hold a gas can as a butterfly.<ref>{{cite episode|title='Round Springfield|episode-link='Round Springfield|series=The Simpsons|credits=Stern, Joshua; Ventimilia, Jeffrey|network=Fox|airdate=April 30, 1995|season=6|number=22}}</ref> He has also thought if he wrote his name in wet cement, people who see it after it dries will wonder how he managed to write his name in solid cement.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Lemon of Troy|episode-link=Lemon of Troy|series=The Simpsons|credits=[[Brent Forrester|Forrester, Brent]]|network=Fox|airdate=May 14, 1995|season=6|number=24}}</ref> In "[[Separate Vocations]]" ([[The Simpsons season 3|season three]], 1992), Bart becomes hall monitor and his grades go up, suggesting that he struggles mainly because he does not pay attention, not because he is stupid.<ref name="Vocations">{{cite episode|title=Separate Vocations|episode-link=Separate Vocations|series=The Simpsons|credits=[[George Meyer|Meyer, George]]; Lynch, Jeffrey|network=Fox|airdate=February 27, 1992|season=03|number=18}}</ref> This idea is reinforced in "[[Brother's Little Helper]]" ([[The Simpsons season 11|season eleven]], 1999), in which it is revealed that Bart has [[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|attention deficit disorder]].<ref>{{cite episode|title=Brother's Little Helper|episode-link=Brother's Little Helper|series=The Simpsons|credits=Meyer, George; Kirkland, Mark|network=Fox|airdate=October 3, 1999|season=11|number=02}}</ref> His lack of smarts can also be attributed to the hereditary "Simpson Gene", which affects the intelligence of most male members of the Simpson family.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Lisa the Simpson|episode-link=Lisa the Simpson|series=The Simpsons|series-link=The Simpsons|credits=[[Ned Goldreyer|Goldreyer, Ned]]; Dietter, Susie|network=Fox|airdate=March 8, 1998|season=09|number=17}}</ref> Although he gets into endless trouble and can be sadistic, shallow and selfish, Bart also exhibits many qualities of high integrity. He has, on a few occasions, helped Principal Skinner and Mrs. Krabappel:<ref name="Confidential">{{cite episode|title=Grade School Confidential|episode-link=Grade School Confidential|series=The Simpsons|series-link=The Simpsons|credits=[[Bill Oakley|Pulido, Rachel]]; [[Susie Dietter|Dietter, Susie]]|network=Fox|airdate=April 6, 1997|season=08|number=19}}</ref> In "[[Sweet Seymour Skinner's Baadasssss Song]]" ([[The Simpsons season 5|season five]], 1994), Bart accidentally got Skinner fired and befriended him outside the school environment. Bart missed having Skinner as an adversary and got him rehired, knowing that this would mean that the two could no longer be friends.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Sweet Seymour Skinner's Baadasssss Song|episode-link=Sweet Seymour Skinner's Baadasssss Song|series=The Simpsons|series-link=The Simpsons|credits=[[Bill Oakley|Oakley, Bill]]; [[Josh Weinstein|Weinstein, Josh]]; [[Bob Anderson (director)|Anderson, Bob]]|network=Fox|airdate=April 28, 1994|season=05|number=19}}</ref>

Bart is portrayed as a popular cool boy<ref name="Summer"/> and has many friends at school. Out of all of them his best friend is [[Milhouse Van Houten]], although Bart has at times shown embarrassment about their friendship.<ref name="Summer">{{cite episode|title=Summer of 4 Ft. 2|episode-link=Summer of 4 Ft. 2|series=The Simpsons|series-link=The Simpsons|credits=[[Dan Greaney|Greaney, Dan]]; Kirkland, Mark|network=Fox|airdate=May 19, 1996|season=07|number=25}}</ref> Bart is a bad influence on Milhouse, and the two have been involved in a lot of mischief together. Because of this behavior, [[Luann Van Houten|Milhouse's mother]] forbids Milhouse from playing with Bart in "[[Homer Defined]]" ([[The Simpsons season 3|season three]], 1991). While at first he pretended that he did not care, Bart eventually realizes that he needs Milhouse, and Marge manages to convince Mrs. Van Houten to reconsider.<ref name="Defined">{{cite episode|title=Homer Defined|episode-link=Homer Defined|series=The Simpsons|series-link=The Simpsons|credits=[[Howard Gewirtz|Gewirtz, Howard]]; Kirkland, Mark|network=Fox|airdate=October 17, 1991|season=03|number=05}}</ref> Milhouse is a frequent target for local bullies Nelson Muntz and his friends [[Jimbo Jones|Jimbo]], [[Dolph (The Simpsons)|Dolph]], and [[Kearney Zzyzwicz|Kearney]]. At times, Bart also finds himself at the hands of their abuse. Despite being the more socially powerful of the two, Bart's social popularity has temporarily subsided in various episodes either due to extreme embarrassment caused by his family or other people (or even himself) or an unfortunate coincidence. Milhouse describes their social standing as "Three and a half. We get beat up, but we get an explanation."<ref name="Confidential"/> While Bart and the bullies have been adversaries at times, with Bart once declaring war on Nelson,<ref name="General">{{cite episode|title=Bart the General|episode-link=Bart the General|series=The Simpsons|series-link=The Simpsons|credits=Swartzwelder, John; Silverman, David|network=Fox|airdate=February 4, 1990|season=01|number=05}}</ref> the school bullies actually like Bart for his ways and hang out with him at times, especially Nelson who eventually becomes close friends with him.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Haw-Hawed Couple|episode-link=The Haw-Hawed Couple|series=The Simpsons|series-link=The Simpsons|credits=Selman, Matt; Clements, Chris|network=Fox|airdate=February 4, 1990|season=18|number=08}}</ref>

 

 

==Reception and cultural influence==

 

===Bartmania===

 

 

 

The album ''[[The Simpsons Sing the Blues]]'' was released in September 1990 and was a success, peaking at No. 3 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref name="Billboard">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Albums&model.vnuArtistId=22526&model.vnuAlbumId=378393|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301051415/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Albums&model.vnuArtistId=22526&model.vnuAlbumId=378393|archive-date=March 1, 2009|title=Artist Chart History&nbsp;– The Simpsons|publisher=Billboard charts|access-date=October 28, 2008}}</ref> and becoming certified 2× platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]].<ref name="RIAA">{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=Simpsons&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25|title=RIAA Searchable database&nbsp;– Gold and Platinum|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|access-date=November 5, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103134319/http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=Simpsons&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25|archive-date=November 3, 2015}}</ref> The first single from the album was the [[Hip hop music|pop rap]] song "[[Do the Bartman]]", performed by Nancy Cartwright and released on November 20, 1990. The song was written by [[Bryan Loren]], a friend of [[Michael Jackson]].<ref name="fact">{{cite web|url=http://www.factmag.com/2015/07/22/the-simpsons-do-the-bartman-michael-jackson-bryan-loren/|website=[[Fact (UK magazine)|Fact]]|title=Michael Jackson Didn't Write 'Do The Bartman' After All|access-date=July 22, 2015|date=July 22, 2015}}</ref> Jackson was a fan of ''The Simpsons'', especially Bart,<ref>[[#Cartwright|Cartwright]], pp. 115–117</ref> and had called the producers one night offering to write Bart a number one single and do a guest spot on the show.<ref name="Brooks">Brooks, James L. (2003). Commentary for "Stark Raving Dad", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete Third Season'' [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.</ref> Jackson eventually guest starred in the episode "[[Stark Raving Dad]]" ([[The Simpsons season 3|season three]], 1991) under the pseudonym John Jay Smith.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/simpsons/episodeguide/season3/page1.shtml|title=Stark Raving Dad|access-date=October 28, 2008|last1=Martyn|first1=Warren|last2=Wood|first2=Adrian|year=2000|publisher=BBC}}</ref> While the song was never officially released as a single in the United States, it was successful in the United Kingdom. In 1991 it was the number one song in the UK for three weeks from February 16 to March 9 and was the seventh best-selling song of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/all_the_no1_songs.php?show=5|title=All the Number 1 Singles–1990s|access-date=December 1, 2008|publisher=Official Charts Company|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217004651/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/all_the_no1_songs.php?show=5|archive-date=December 17, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> It sold half a million copies and was certified gold by the [[British Phonographic Industry]] on February 1, 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=18135|title=Certified awards|access-date=October 28, 2008|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080525230952/http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=18135|archive-date=May 25, 2008}}</ref>

Alongside T-shirts, Bart has been included in various other ''The Simpsons''-related merchandise, including air fresheners, baseball caps, bumper stickers,<ref name="Shirts"/> cardboard standups, refrigerator magnets, key rings, buttons, dolls, posters, figurines, clocks, [[soapstone]] carvings, [[Chia Pet]]s, bowling balls and boxer shorts.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bart Simpson items big sellers|date=July 7, 1990|work=Ottawa Citizen}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://shop.fox.com/search_sli.php?asug=&w=bart|title=Search Results for Bart|access-date=April 3, 2012|publisher=Fox Shop|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105032729/http://shop.fox.com/search_sli.php?asug=&w=bart|archive-date=November 5, 2016}}</ref> ''The Bart Book'', a book about Bart's personality and attributes, was released in 2004.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Groening|first1=Matt|last2=Morrison|first2=Bill|title=The Bart Book|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2005|isbn=978-0-06-111660-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/bartbooksimpsons00matt}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/14879993/publishing-war-begins-over-tenets-cia-book|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114505/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/14879993/publishing-war-begins-over-tenets-cia-book|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 2, 2015|title=Publishing war begins over Tenet's CIA book|date=November 8, 2004|last1=Bedard|first1=Paul|last2=Parker|first2=Suzi|last3=Kaplan|first3=David E.|work=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|volume=137|issue=16|page=6}}</ref> Other books include ''[[Bart Simpson's Guide to Life]]''. ''[[The Simpsons and Philosophy: The D'oh! of Homer]]'', which is not an official publication, includes a chapter analyzing Bart's character and comparing him to the "[[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzschean]] ideal".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/09/weekinreview/word-for-word-deconstructing-simpsons-aristotelian-logic-bart-homer-it-platonic.html|title=Word for Word/Deconstructing 'The Simpsons'; The Aristotelian Logic of Bart And Homer. Or Is It Platonic?|access-date=October 29, 2008|date=September 9, 2001|last=Blair|first=Jayson|work=The New York Times}}</ref>

 

 

Bart, and other ''The Simpsons'' characters, have appeared in numerous [[Television advertisement|television commercials]] for [[Nestlé]]'s [[Butterfinger]] candy bars from 1990 to 2001, with the slogan "Nobody better lay a finger on my Butterfinger!"<ref>{{cite news|title=Don't lay a finger on his Butterfinger|date=June 1998|journal=Prepared Foods|volume=167|issue=6|page=37}}</ref> Lisa would occasionally advertise it too. Matt Groening would later say that the Butterfinger advertising campaign was a large part of the reason why Fox decided to pick up the half-hour show.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Portrait of the Bartist&nbsp;– The Simpsons' Matt Groening has fulfilled his dream of invading mainstream U.S. pop culture|date=May 13, 1995|work=[[Star Tribune]]}}</ref> The campaign was discontinued in 2001, much to the disappointment of Cartwright.<ref name=Adweek/> Bart has also appeared in commercials for [[Burger King]] and [[Ramada|Ramada Inn]].<ref name=Adweek>{{cite news|url=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising/nancy-cartwright-spot-82706|title=Nancy Cartwright on the Spot|access-date=October 29, 2008|date=November 21, 2005|work=[[Adweek]]}}</ref> In 2001, [[Kellogg's]] launched a brand of cereal called "Bart Simpson Peanut Butter Chocolate Crunch", which was available for a limited time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/News/09/10/showbuzz/index.html#2|title=D'Oh! Eat Homer for breakfast|access-date=September 3, 2008|date=September 10, 2001|publisher=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430161747/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/News/09/10/showbuzz/index.html|archive-date=April 30, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,184538,00.html|title=Cereal Numbers|access-date=October 28, 2008|date=November 15, 2001|last=Fonseca|first=Nicholas|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|archive-date=October 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012035246/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,184538,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Before the half-hour series went on the air, Matt Groening pitched Bart as a spokesperson for [[Jell-O]]. He wanted Bart to sing "J-E-L-L-O", then burp the letter O. His belief was that kids would try to do it the next day, but he was rejected.<ref>Groening, Matt. (2001). Commentary for "[[There's No Disgrace Like Home]]", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete First Season'' [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.</ref>

 

==References==

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book|last=Cartwright|first=Nancy|title=My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy|year=2000|publisher=Hyperion Books|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-7868-8600-5|ref=Cartwright|title-link=My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy}}

* {{cite book |last=Groening |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Groening |title=Simpsons World: The Ultimate Episode Guide: Seasons 1–20 |title-link=Simpsons World: The Ultimate Episode Guide: Seasons 1–20 |date=2010-10-28 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=9780061711282 |editor1-last=Richmond |editor1-first=Ray |editor1-link=Ray Richmond |edition=1st |editor2-last=Gimple |editor2-first=Scott M. |editor-last3=McCann |editor-first3=Jessie L. |editor-last4=Seghers |editor-first4=Christine |editor-last5=Bates |editor-first5=James W.}}

* {{cite book |last=Groening |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Groening |title=The Bart Book |title-link=The Bart Book |date=2004-10-18 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=978-0007191697}}

{{refend}}