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[[File:Peter Frampton's Talk Box-3-2.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Peter Frampton]]'s talk box]]
A '''talk box''' (also spelled '''talkbox''' and '''talk-box''') is an [[effects unit]] that allows musicians to modify the sound of a [[musical instrument]] by shaping the frequency content of the sound and to apply speech sounds (in the same way as singing) onto the sounds of the instrument. Typically, a talk box directs sound from the instrument into the musician's mouth by means of a plastic tube adjacent to a vocal microphone. The musician controls the modification of the instrument's sound by changing the shape of the mouth, "vocalizing" the instrument's output into a microphone.
[[File:Weezer - 2022154163929 2022-06-03 Rock am Ring - Sven - 1D X MK II - 1281 - B70I5835.jpg|thumb|[[Weezer]] guitarist [[Brian Bell]] with a talk box, the tube being attached to the microphone (2022)]]
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===Sonovox===
Another early voice effect using the same principle of the throat as a filter was the '''Sonovox''', invented by Gilbert Wright in 1939.<ref>{{cite web|url=
The Sonovox was used in many radio station IDs and [[jingle]]s produced by [[JAM Creative Productions]] and the [[PAMS]] advertising agency of [[Dallas]], Texas. [[Lucille Ball]] made one of her earliest film appearances during the 1930s in a [[Pathé Newsreel]] demonstrating the Sonovox.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/machine-made-voices|title=Machine Made Voices!|first=British|last=Pathé|website=britishpathe.com}}</ref>
The first use in music was a score by Ernst Toch in the Paramount film ''The Ghost Breakers'', in June 1940.<ref>Letter from Gilbert Wright to Melville Clark, 28 April 1940.</ref> The Sonovox was used, with an opening credit, for the spirit voices in the 1940 comedy film ''[[You'll Find Out]]''. It was used to produce the "voice" of the anthropomorphic train Casey Jr. in the 1941 animated films ''[[The Reluctant Dragon (1941 film)|The Reluctant Dragon]]'' and, most famously, ''[[Dumbo]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boingboing.net/2019/02/08/watch-lucille-ball-demo-a-1939.html|title=Watch Lucille Ball demo a 1939 ancestor of the "talk box" famously used by Peter Frampton|first=David|last=Pescovitz|work=BoingBoing|date=February 8, 2019|access-date=January 18, 2021}}</ref> and was also used for the "talking piano" in a children's record issued on Capitol Records entitled ''[[Sparky's Magic Piano]]''.
===Talking steel guitar===
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The Kustom Electronics device "The Bag"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://filters.muziq.be/model/kustom/the_bag |title=Kustom Electronics The Bag |website=Effects Database |access-date=30 November 2018 }}{{dead link|date=August 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> was the first mass market talk box and was housed in a decorative bag slung over the shoulder like a wine bottle. It used a 30-watt driver and was released to the mass music market in early 1969, two years before Bob Heil's talk box became widely available. The Bag is claimed to have been designed by Doug Forbes,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dougforbes1.googlepages.com/home |title=Doug Forbes |website=dougforbes1.googlepages.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mocheez.fr/I%20Play%20The%20Talkbox/Doug%20Forbes.html |title=Doug Forbes |website=mocheez.fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070903135021/http://www.mocheez.fr/I%20Play%20The%20Talkbox/Doug%20Forbes.html |archive-date=3 September 2007}}</ref> who states that exactly the same concept (speaker attached to a plastic tube and inserted into the mouth) had previously been patented as an artificial [[larynx]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.corp.att.com/attlabs/reputation/timeline/29larynx.html |title=AT&T Labs Fosters Innovative Technology – AT&T Labs |website=corp.att.com}}</ref>
[[Stevie Wonder]] gave the talk box its first national television prominence, performing a medley of The Carpenters' "[[(They Long To Be) Close To You]]" and The Jackson 5's "[[Never Can Say Goodbye]]", both via a Kustom Bag, live on the [[David Frost]] show in 1972. The performance was later sampled on Frank Ocean's "[[Blonde (Frank Ocean album)|Close To You]]". [[Mike Pinera]] from [[Iron Butterfly]] used it in 1970.<ref>https://youtube.com/-pkdlqqLAFk?si=066JHpZ4fgvCa59i&t=2726</ref>
[[Jeff Beck]] used a Kustom Bag talk box in May 1973 on "[[Superstition (song)|Superstition]]" at a Santa Monica concert.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZlvNO-HAHY|title = Beck, Bogert, & Appice - Superstition - Santa Monica May '73 stereo|website = [[YouTube]]| date=2 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwIJk0C0xY0|title = Beck, Bogart & Appice - Superstition -1973|website = [[YouTube]]| date=24 June 2014 }}</ref> He also used it on "[[She's a Woman]]" from his 1975 release ''[[Blow by Blow]]'', and was seen using it for the song on [[BBC]] television program ''Five Faces of the Guitar'' in 1974 in which he also explains its use to the host of the show.<ref>{{cite web |last=McCulley |first=Jerry |title=Rare Video – Jeff Beck Plays His '54 Oxblood Les Paul With Upp |url=http://www2.gibson.com/News-Lifestyle/Features/en-us/rare-jeff-beck-video-oxblood.aspx |work=Gibson.com |publisher=Gibson Guitar Corporation |access-date=2 May 2014}}</ref>▼
[[David Gilmour]] of [[Pink Floyd]] was an obvious{{dubious|date=April 2024}} candidate{{clarify|date=April 2024}} for both the talk box and the vocoder, experimenting with merging voice and instrument into a single unified sound. The effect was employed during the lengthy guitar solo sections of "Raving and Drooling" and "You've Got to Be Crazy" on the [[Pink Floyd 1974 tours|1974 tour]], which would eventually become "[[Sheep (Pink Floyd song)|Sheep]]" and "[[Dogs (Pink Floyd song)|Dogs]]" on the ''[[Animals (Pink Floyd album)|Animals]]'' album.▼
▲[[David Gilmour]] of [[Pink Floyd]] was an obvious
▲[[Jeff Beck]] used a Kustom Bag talk box in May 1973 on "[[Superstition (song)|Superstition]]" at a Santa Monica concert.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZlvNO-HAHY|title = Beck, Bogert, & Appice - Superstition - Santa Monica May '73 stereo|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwIJk0C0xY0|title = Beck, Bogart & Appice - Superstition -1973|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref> He also used it on "[[She's a Woman]]" from his 1975 release ''[[Blow by Blow]]'', and was seen using it for the song on [[BBC]] television program ''Five Faces of the Guitar'' in 1974 in which he also explains its use to the host of the show.<ref>{{cite web |last=McCulley |first=Jerry |title=Rare Video – Jeff Beck Plays His '54 Oxblood Les Paul With Upp |url=http://www2.gibson.com/News-Lifestyle/Features/en-us/rare-jeff-beck-video-oxblood.aspx |work=Gibson.com |publisher=Gibson Guitar Corporation |access-date=2 May 2014}}</ref>
===Heil high-powered talk box===
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[[Pete Townshend]], in his 2012 autobiography ''[[Who I Am (book)|Who I Am]]'', claimed to have invented a version of the talk box during a Who tour of the US in 1976. "I built a speaker in a small box, attached a tube and put the tube in my mouth, allowing me to speak music."
In 1988, Heil sold the manufacturing rights to [[Dunlop Manufacturing, Inc.]], which
The classic rock artist [[Peter Frampton]] made extensive use of the talk box in his music. In an interview for the 1999 DVD ''Live in Detroit'', Frampton says he first heard the talk box in 1970 while sitting in on sessions for [[George Harrison]]'s ''[[All Things Must Pass]]''. While he sat next to Pete Drake in the album sessions at [[Abbey Road Studios]], he heard Drake using it with a pedal steel guitar. Frampton said in the same interview that the sound it produced reminded him of an audio effect he loved listening to on [[Radio Luxembourg]] in the later 1960s. Frampton acquired one as a Christmas present from Bob Heil in 1974. It was a hand-built talk box in a fiberglass box using a 100-watt high-powered driver. This was the Heil talk box used for the ''[[Frampton Comes Alive]]'' tour and album.<ref>Lux, Joanna. and David Dayen [http://www.g4tv.com/techtvvault/features/30669/Peter_Frampton_More_Alive_Than_Ever.html ''"Peter Frampton: More Alive Than Ever"''] – [[G4 Media (TV company)|G4 Media]] – Thursday, 13 June 2002</ref><ref>Green, Douglas. [http://www.calsharp.com/music/Pete.html ''"Pete Drake: everyone's favorite"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222147/http://www.calsharp.com/music/Pete.html |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref><ref>Baron, Josh.[http://www.relix.com/Content/Interview/I'm_In_You:_Peter_Frampton_Still_Feels_Like_We_Do_200410251555.html ''"I'm In You: Peter Frampton Still Feels Like We Do"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922110542/http://www.relix.com/Content/Interview/I'm_In_You:_Peter_Frampton_Still_Feels_Like_We_Do_200410251555.html |date=22 September 2007 }} – [[Relix]] – Monday, 25 October 2004</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 July 2009 |title=Peter Frampton & Bob Heil Reunite, Talk Past, Present & Future |publisher=ProSoundWeb |url=http://www.prosoundweb.com/article/peter_frampton_bob_heil_reunite_talk_past_present_future/ |access-date=21 January 2011}}</ref> He then promptly locked himself away in a practice space for two weeks, and came out with some mastery of it. The success of the albums ''Frampton'' and ''Frampton Comes Alive!'', and particularly the hit singles "[[Do You Feel Like We Do]]" and "[[Show Me the Way (Peter Frampton song)|Show Me the Way]]", made Frampton's music somewhat synonymous with the talk box.
Frampton also now sells his own line of custom-designed "Framptone" products, including a talk box.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frampton.com/framptone.html|title=Framptone product page|website=frampton.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060713161422/http://www.frampton.com/framptone.html|archive-date=13 July 2006}}</ref>
In 1976, [[Steely Dan]] guitarist [[Walter Becker]] recorded the talk box effect atop an already-recorded [[Dean Parks]] solo in "[[Haitian Divorce]]", on the album ''[[The Royal Scam]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guitar.com/articles/steely-dan-interview-against-all-odds|title=Steely Dan Interview – Against All Odds {{!}} Guitar.com|website=www.guitar.com|access-date=19 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302110342/https://www.guitar.com/articles/steely-dan-interview-against-all-odds|archive-date=2 March 2017}}</ref> Also from 1977, Johnnie "Guitar" Watson used a talk box.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movingtheriver.com/category/johnny-guitar-watson/|title=Johnny Guitar WatsonP|website=Movingtheriver.com|date=10 January 2016 |access-date=17 December 2019}}</ref> The 1974 album ''[[461 Ocean Boulevard]]'' features Eric Clapton using a talk box during his outgoing solo on the song "Mainline Florida".<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Book|first=Ryan|date=17 August 2014|url=https://www.musictimes.com/articles/8898/20140817/40-years-461-ocean-boulevard-music-times-looks-back-ranks.htm|title=40 Years of '461 Ocean Boulevard': Music Times Looks Back and Ranks Eric Clapton's Classic Record|magazine=Music Times|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref>
===ElectroSpit===
Producer Bosko, who played talk box on [[Big Boi]]'s 2010 album ''[[Sir Lucious Left Foot: The Son of Chico Dusty]]'', conceived an alternative to the cumbersome and unsanitary talk box in mid-2014, imagining a neck-worn electronic system that would be easier to use. Bosko showed the ElectroSpit prototype in 2016, and launched a Kickstarter campaign in June 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/kickstarter/reinventing-instruments-winning-a-grammy-and-beating-the-odds-artiphon-and-electrospit-creators-f08d93e03f68|title = Reinventing Instruments, Winning a Grammy, and Beating the Odds: Artiphon and ElectroSpit Creators…|date = 23 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newatlas.com/electrospit-esx1-mobile-talkbox/55099/|title = ElectroSpit takes the tube out of the talkbox|date = 19 June 2018}}</ref> The device sends sound into the mouth by way of electromagnetic transducers placed against the throat, allowing the user to shape the sounds of a synthesizer, guitar or any other electronic source. Bosko released the ElectroSpit product in 2019, showing it at the [[NAMM Show]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.synthtopia.com/content/2019/02/08/electrospit-esx-1-tubeless-talkbox-at-namm-2019/|title = ElectroSpit ESX-1 Tubeless Talkbox at NAMM 2019|date = 9 February 2019}}</ref> Early users of the ElectroSpit include P-Thugg of [[Chromeo]], [[Terrace Martin]] who works with [[Kendrick Lamar]], and [[Teddy Riley]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/this-kickstarter-completely-reinvents-the-talkbox/|title = This Kickstarter Completely Reinvents the Talkbox|website = [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|date = 5 June 2018}}</ref>
==Notable uses==
{{div col|colwidth=}}
* "[[2021 (song)|2021]]" – [[Vampire Weekend]]
* "[[Around the World (Daft Punk song)|Around the World]]" – [[Daft Punk]]
* "[[24K Magic (song)|24K Magic]]" – [[Bruno Mars]]
* "[[Appetite for Destruction|Anything Goes]]" – [[Guns N' Roses]]
* "[[Runt. The Ballad of Todd Rundgren|The Ballad [Denny & Jean]]]" – [[Todd Rundgren]]
* "[[Beekeeper's Daughter]]" - [[The All-American Rejects]]
* "[[Beverly Hills (Weezer song)|Beverly Hills]]" – [[Weezer]]
* "[[Shot to Hell|Blacked Out World]]" – [[Black Label Society]]
* "[[Black Man (song)|Black Man]]" – [[Stevie Wonder]]
* "[[Bounce (Bon Jovi song)|Bounce]]" – [[Bon Jovi]]
* "[[The Circle (Bon Jovi album)|Bullet]]" – [[Bon Jovi]]
* "[[Falling Into Infinity|Burning My Soul]]" – [[Dream Theater]]
* "[[Metamorphosis (Iron Butterfly album)|Butterfly Bleu]]" – [[Iron Butterfly]]
* "[[California Love]]" – [[2Pac]], [[Roger Troutman]], [[Dr. Dre]]
* "[[Bad for Good: The Very Best of Scorpions|Cause I Love You]]" – [[Scorpions (band)|Scorpions]]
* "[[Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi album)|Complicated]]" – [[Bon Jovi]]
* "[[Rock of the Westies|Dan Dare (Pilot of the Future)]]" – [[Elton John]]
* "[[Innuendo (album)|Delilah]]" – [[Queen (band)|Queen]]
* "[[Do You Feel Like We Do]]" – [[Peter Frampton]] (1976)
* "[[Use Your Illusion I|Dust N' Bones]]" – [[Guns N' Roses]]
* "[[East St. Louis Toodle-Oo]]" – [[Steely Dan]]
* "[[VII: Sturm und Drang|Erase This]]" – [[Lamb of God (band)|Lamb of God]]
* "[[Everyday (Bon Jovi song)|Everyday]]" – [[Bon Jovi]]
* "[[One Hot Minute|Falling into Grace]]" – [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]]
* "[[Fire It Up (Black Label Society song)|Fire It Up]]" – [[Black Label Society]]
* "[[New Directions (The Meters album)|Funkify Your Life]]" – [[The Meters]]
* "[[The Uplift Mofo Party Plan|Funky Crime]]" – [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]]
* "[[Generator (Foo Fighters song)|Generator]]" – [[Foo Fighters]]
* "[[Get Off (Foxy song)|Get Off]]" – [[Foxy (band)|Foxy]] (1978)
* "[[Get Out the Door]]" – [[Velvet Revolver]]
* "[[Glass Prison]]" – [[Dream Theater]]
* "[[Guerrilla Radio]]" – [[Rage Against the Machine]]
* "[[Hair of the Dog (song)|Hair of the Dog]]" – [[Nazareth (band)|Nazareth]]
* "[[The Royal Scam|Haitian Divorce]]" – [[Steely Dan]]
* "[[Hey Lawdy Mama (Steppenwolf song)|Hey Lawdy Mama]]" – [[Steppenwolf (band)|Steppenwolf]]
* "[[The Circle (Bon Jovi album)|Happy Now]]" – [[Bon Jovi]]
* "[[Dog Eat Dog (Warrant album)|The Hole in My Wall]]" – [[Warrant (American band)|Warrant]]
* "[[Hot Number]]" – [[Foxy (band)|Foxy]]
* "[[Load (album)|The House Jack Built]]" – [[Metallica]]
* "[[Day for Night (Spock's Beard album)|The Healing Colors of Sound]]" – [[Spock's Beard]]
* "[[I Stand Alone (Godsmack song)|I Stand Alone]]" – [[Godsmack]]
* "[[Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi album)|I Want To Be Loved]]" – [[Bon Jovi]]
* "[[It's My Life (Bon Jovi song)|It's My Life]]" – [[Bon Jovi]]
* "[[Jambi (Tool song)|Jambi]]" – [[Tool (band)|Tool]]
* "[[Just a Girl]]" − [[No Doubt]]
* "[[Keep Talking (Pink Floyd song)|Keep Talking]]" – [[Pink Floyd]]
* "[[Kickstart My Heart]]" – [[Mötley Crüe]]
* "[[Slow Hole to China: Rare and Unreleased|King of Arizona]]" - [[Clutch (band)|Clutch]]
* "[[Larger than Life (song)|Larger than Life]]" – [[Backstreet Boys]]
* "[[Lay Me Down (Avicii song)|Lay Me Down]]" – [[Avicii]]
* "[[Vulgar Display of Power|Live in a Hole]]" – [[Pantera]]
* "[[Livin' on a Prayer]]" – [[Bon Jovi]]
* "[[Bounce (Bon Jovi album)|Love Me Back to Life]]" – [[Bon Jovi]]
* "[[Man in the Box]]" – [[Alice in Chains]]
* "[[Me and My Gang (song)|Me and My Gang]]" – [[Rascal Flatts]]
* "[[Savage Amusement|Media Overkill]]" – [[Scorpions (band)|Scorpions]]
* "[[El Camino (The Black Keys album)|Money Maker]]" – [[The Black Keys]]
* "[[Crazy World (Scorpions album)|Money and Fame]]" – [[Scorpions (band)|Scorpions]]
* "[[Monkey on Your Back]]" – [[Aldo Nova]]
* "[[More Bounce to the Ounce]]" – [[Zapp (band)|Zapp]] (1980)
* "[[LP4 (Ratatat album)|Neckbrace]]" – [[Ratatat]]
* "[[Move Along|Night Drive]]" – [[The All-American Rejects]]
* "[[The New Workout Plan]]" – [[Kanye West]]
* "[[Face the Heat|No Pain No Gain]]" – [[Scorpions (band)|Scorpions]]
* "[[Outta My Head (Daughtry song)|Outta My Head]]" – [[Daughtry (band)|Daughtry]]
* "[[Pigs (Three Different Ones)]]" – [[Pink Floyd]] (1977)
* "[[Rush Street (album)|Playing with Fire]]" – [[Richard Marx]]
* "[[Lost Highway (Bon Jovi album)|Put the Boy Back in Cowboy]]" – [[Bon Jovi]]
* "[[Rocket Queen]] (live)" – [[Guns N' Roses]]
* "[[Rocky Mountain Way (song)|Rocky Mountain Way]]" – [[Joe Walsh]] (1973)
* "[[Jar of Flies|Rotten Apple]]" – [[Alice in Chains]]
* "[[Sensual Seduction|Sexual Eruption]]" – [[Snoop Dogg]]
* "[[She's a Woman]]" – [[Jeff Beck]] (1975)
* "[[Show Me the Way (Peter Frampton song)|Show Me the Way]]" – [[Peter Frampton]] (1976)
* "[[S-S-S-Single Bed]]" – [[Fox (band)|Fox]] (1976)
* "[[We Like It Here|Sleeper]]" – [[Snarky Puppy]] (2014)
* "[[Sweet Emotion]]" – [[Aerosmith]] (1975)
* "[[Tell Me Something Good]]" – [[Rufus (band)|Rufus]] (1974)
* "[[Empire Central|Trinity]]" – [[Snarky Puppy]] (2022)
* "[[Wake Up (Rage Against the Machine song)|Wake Up]]" – [[Rage Against the Machine]]
* "[[Lost Highway (Bon Jovi album)|We Got It Going On]]" – [[Bon Jovi]]
* "[[Work Out (J. Cole song)|Work Out]]" – [[J. Cole]]
* "[[You Give Me Something (Jamiroquai song)|You Give Me Something]]" – [[Jamiroquai]]
* "[[The Zoo (song)|The Zoo]]" – [[Scorpions (band)|Scorpions]]
{{div col end}}
==Non-musical uses==
A talk box connected to an [[iPad]] running an effects program was used to create the voice of the character [[BB-8]] in ''[[Star Wars: The Force Awakens]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=
==See also==
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{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [
* [http://
* [http://
* [http://effectsdatabase.com/model/kustom/thebag The Effects Database Forum – The Bag] * {{YouTube|Azgm7q4O1Nc|VULFPECK /// Poinciana}}
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