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There's fluid inside the pleurae
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Edited disambig hatnote, (disambiguation) redirect for intentional link to dab page per WP:INTDABLINK
 
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{{Short description|Membrane lining the thoracic cavity wall}}
{{Redirect|Pleura|other usesDistinguish|Pleuron (disambiguation){{!}}Pleuron}}
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name = Pleura
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| Pronunciation = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|l|ʊər|ə}}
}}
 
The '''pleurae''' ({{singular}}: '''pleura''')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/pleura|title=pleura Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary|website=dictionary.cambridge.org}}</ref> are the two flattened closed sacs filled with [[pleural fluid]], each ensheathing each [[lung]] and lining their surrounding tissues, locally appearing as two opposing layers of [[serous membrane]] separating the lungs from the [[mediastinum]], the inside surfaces of the surrounding [[chest wall]]s and the [[thoracic diaphragm|diaphragm]]. Although wrapped onto itself resulting in an apparent double layer, each lung is surrounded by a single, continuous pleural membrane.
 
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===Visceral pleura===
The visceral pleura (from {{lang-langx|la|viscera|lit=organ}}) covers the [[lung]] surfaces and the [[root of the lung|hilar structures]] and extends [[caudal (anatomical term)|caudal]]ly from the hilum as a [[mesentery]]-like band called the [[pulmonary ligament]]. Each lung is divided into [[lobes of the lung|lobes]] by the infoldings of the pleura as fissures. The fissures are double folds of pleura that section the lungs and help in their expansion,<ref name="Lung fissures">{{cite web|last1=Hacking|first1=Craig|last2=Knipe|first2=Henry|title=Lung fissures|url=http://radiopaedia.org/articles/lung-fissures|website=Radiopaedia|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref> allowing the lung to [[ventilation (physiology)|ventilate]] more effectively even if parts of it (usually the basal [[lung#Lobes and segments|segments]]) fail to expand properly due to [[pulmonary edema|congestion]] or [[pulmonary consolidation|consolidation]].The function of the visceral pleura is to produce and reabsorb fluid.<ref>Lungs. In: Morton DA, Foreman K, Albertine KH. eds. ''The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy, 2e''. McGraw Hill; Accessed July 12, 2021. https://accessphysiotherapy-mhmedical-com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/content.aspx?bookid=2478&sectionid=202020215</ref> It is an area that is insensitive to pain due to its association with the lung and innervation by visceral sensory neurons.<ref>Lungs. In: Morton DA, Foreman K, Albertine KH. eds. ''The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy, 2e''. McGraw Hill; Accessed July 12, 2021. https://accessphysiotherapy-mhmedical-com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/content.aspx?bookid=2478&sectionid=202020215</ref>
 
Visceral pleura also forms interlobular septa (that separates secondary pulmonary lobules).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=McLoud |first1=Theresa C. |last2=Boiselle |first2=Phillip M. |date=2010 |title=The Pleura |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780323027908000184 |language=en |publisher=Elsevier |pages=379–399 |doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-02790-8.00018-4 |isbn=978-0-323-02790-8}}</ref> Interlobular septa contains connective tissue, pulmonary veins, and lymphatics.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Soldati |first1=Gino |last2=Smargiassi |first2=Andrea |last3=Demi |first3=Libertario |last4=Inchingolo |first4=Riccardo |date=2020-02-25 |title=Artifactual Lung Ultrasonography: It Is a Matter of Traps, Order, and Disorder |journal=Applied Sciences |language=en |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=1570 |doi=10.3390/app10051570 |issn=2076-3417|doi-access=free }}</ref>
 
===Parietal pleura===
The parietal pleura (from {{lang-langx|la|paries|lit=wall}}) lines the inside of the [[thoracic cavity]] which is set apart from the [[thoracic wall]] by the endothoracic fascia. The Parietal includes the inner surface of the [[rib cage]] and the upper surface of the [[thoracic diaphragm|diaphragm]], as well as the side surfaces of the [[mediastinum]], from which it separates the pleural cavity. It joins the visceral pleura at the [[Pericardium|pericardial]] base of the [[pulmonary hilum]] and pulmonary ligament as a smooth but [[acute angle|acutely angled]] circumferential junction known as the ''hilar reflection''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/pleura/|title=Parietal pleura|website=The Lecturio Medical Concept Library |access-date=2021-06-12}}</ref>
 
The parietal pleura is subdivided according to the surface it covers.
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