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| fatalities = 8 total
| damages-prefix = >
| year = 2015
| damages = 100000000
| areas = [[Oman]], [[Somalia]], [[Yemen]]
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| season = [[2015 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
}}
'''Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Chapala'''{{#tag:ref|The name ''Chapala'' was contributed by [[Bangladesh]] for the [[tropical cyclone naming|naming list]] for the North Indian Ocean. It refers to the girl name meaning "restless".<ref name="NIO TCOP">{{cite book|title=Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea: 2015|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=30 March 2020|url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/TCP-21Edition2015_final.pdf|edition=2015|pages=11–12}}</ref>|group="nb"|name="Chapala"}} ({{IPAc-en|tʃ|ə|ˈ|p|ɑː|l|ə}}) was a powerful [[tropical cyclone]] that caused moderate damage in [[Somalia]] and [[Yemen]] during November 2015. Chapala was the third [[tropical cyclone naming|named storm]] of the [[2015 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]. It developed as a [[Tropical cyclone scales#North Indian Ocean|depression]] on 28 October off western India, and strengthened a day later into a cyclonic storm. Chapala then [[rapid intensification|rapidly intensified]] amid favorable conditions. On 30 October, the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD){{refn|The [[India Meteorological Department]] is the official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Center]] for the northern Indian Ocean.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=India Meteorological Department |title=Frequently Asked Questions on Tropical Cyclones |page=47 |access-date=31 March 2020 |url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/cyclone-awareness/terminology/faq.pdf}}</ref>|group="nb"}} estimated that Chapala attained peak three-minute [[maximum sustained wind|sustained winds]] of {{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}. The American-based [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC){{#tag:ref|The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the Indian Ocean and other regions.<ref name="atcr">{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Annual Tropical Cyclone Report|year=2016|access-date=31 March 2020|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/atcr/2015atcr.pdf|page=2}}</ref>|group="nb"}} estimated sustained winds of {{convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}, making Chapala among the strongest cyclones on record in the [[Arabian Sea]]. After peak intensity, Chapala skirted the Yemeni island of [[Socotra]] on 1 November, becoming the first hurricane-force storm there since 1922. High winds and heavy rainfall resulted in an island-wide power outage, and severe damage was compounded by [[Cyclone Megh]], which struck Yemen a week later
While Chapala encountered less favorable conditions after passing Socotra, it maintained much of its intensity; upon entering the [[Gulf of Aden]] on 2 November, it became the strongest known cyclone in that body of water. Chapala brushed the northern coast of Somalia, killing tens of thousands of animals and wrecking 350 houses. Ahead of the cyclone's final [[landfall]], widespread evacuations occurred across southeastern Yemen, including in areas controlled by [[al-Qaeda]], amid the country's [[Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)|ongoing civil war]]. Early on 3 November, the storm made landfall near [[Mukalla]], Yemen, as a [[Tropical cyclone scales#North Indian Ocean|very severe cyclonic storm]] and the strongest storm on record to strike the nation. Chapala weakened into a remnant low the next day overland. Several years' worth of heavy rainfall inundated coastal areas, damaging roads and hundreds of homes. Eight people died in Yemen, a low total credited to the evacuations, and another 65 were injured. After cyclones Chapala and Megh, several countries, non-government organizations, and agencies within the [[United Nations]] provided monetary and material assistance to Yemen. The country faced food and fuel shortages, and residual storm effects contributed to an outbreak of locusts and [[dengue fever]], the latter of which killed seven people.
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In the days after the storm, airstrikes and attacks continued elsewhere in the country.<ref name="rw115"/> One week after Chapala, Cyclone Megh followed a similar path.<ref name="megh">{{cite report|publisher=India Meteorological Department|title=Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm, Megh over the Arabian Sea (05-10 November 2015): A Report |date=December 2015|access-date=22 January 2016|url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/preliminary-report/Megh.pdf}}</ref> Together, the passages of Chapala and Megh near Socotra and mainland Yemen killed 26 people and displaced 47,000 people.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|title=Humanitarian Bulletin Yemen Issue 5|via=ReliefWeb|date=13 November 2015|access-date=2 February 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/20151113_Yemen_Humanitarian_Bulletin_5.pdf}}</ref> Relief distribution was disrupted due to the poor communications in the region, worsened by the ongoing civil war,<ref name="curse">{{cite news|agency=IRIN|date=3 November 2015|access-date=29 January 2016|title=Yemen's curse: civil war, bombs, and now floods|via=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemens-curse-civil-war-bombs-and-now-floods}}</ref> with the hardest hit areas under al-Qaeda control;<ref name="rw114"/> aid trucks had to pass security clearances, resulting in delays.<ref name="wfp1112"/> Workers began restoring communications and clearing roads in the days after the storm.<ref name="ocha116"/> By 19 November, most of the displaced residents had returned home, although some remained in shelters due to housing damage.<ref name="f11">{{cite report|publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|via=ReliefWeb|date=19 November 2015|title=Yemen: Cyclones Chapala and Megh Flash Update 11|access-date=3 February 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Yemen_Flash_%20Update_%2011_19_Nov_Final.pdf}}</ref> Southern portions of Yemen saw food and fuel shortages following the two storms.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=World Food Programme|title=Yemen Market Situation Update Weeks 1 and 2: November 2015|date=25 November 2015|via=ReliefWeb|access-date=3 February 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/wfp279546.pdf}}</ref> Mukalla experienced an outbreak of [[dengue fever]] by January 2016 due to the floods, affecting 1,040 people; earlier efforts to kill disease carrying mosquitoes were ineffective due to residual floods and unsanitary conditions. Seven people died due to the outbreak.<ref name="al14">{{cite news|title=Dengue fever spreads in Yemeni city ravaged by cyclone|newspaper=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|author=Saeed Al Batati|access-date=3 February 2016|date=4 January 2016|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/01/dengue-fever-spreads-yemeni-city-ravaged-cyclone-160103072554970.html}}</ref> Flooding from Chapala led to a locust outbreak in March 2016, which spread across Yemen and reached as far as Pakistan.<ref>{{cite report|author=Keith Cressma|publisher=Desert Locust Information Service|date=12 August 2016|access-date=9 April 2020|title=Yemen March 2016–present Post-cyclone Outbreak|url=http://www.fao.org/ag/locusts/common/ecg/2312/en/1603YEMe.pdf}}</ref>
Agencies under the United Nations and non-government organizations provided assistance to the storm victims,<ref name="rw115"/> although aid agencies were cautious in helping a city under control of Al Qaeda.<ref name="al14"/> The [[Red Crescent Society of the United Arab Emirates]], in conjunction with the Khalifa Foundation and the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre, provided aid to the hardest hit areas of mainland Yemen via an [[airbridge (logistics)|airbridge]],<ref>{{cite report|date=3 November 2015|title=Yemen – Tropical Cyclone Chapala (ECHO, GDACS, JTWC, NMS, NASA, Media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 3 November 2015)|publisher=European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office|via=ReliefWeb|access-date=29 January 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-tropical-cyclone-chapala-echo-gdacs-jtwc-nms-nasa-mediaecho-daily-flash-3}}</ref> as well as over land.<ref name="rw115"/> United Nations agencies sent 29 trucks carrying 296 tons of non-food items, and the World Health Organization sent a ship from [[Djibouti]] with 18 tons of medical supplies.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=World Food Programme|title=Yemen Situation Update (18 November 2015)|date=18 November 2015|access-date=2 February 2016|via=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/logistics_cluster_yemen_situation_update_151118.pdf}}</ref> To prevent the spread of disease, officials distributed mosquito nets and began mass-immunizing children under five years old beginning in early November.<ref name="ocha116"/> A national effort to vaccinate against polio was disrupted in six governorates by the cyclone, but was completed by December.<ref>{{cite report|date=3 December 2015|access-date=3 February 2016|title=UNICEF Yemen Crisis Humanitarian Situation Report (21 November – 3 December 2015)|publisher=UNICEF|via=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/unicef-yemen-crisis-humanitarian-situation-report-21-november-3-december-2015-enar}}</ref> [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] established a medical clinic in Mukalla while also setting up a water tank.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=Médecins Sans Frontières|date=1 December 2015|access-date=3 February 2016|title=Yemen: Aiding People Affected by Cyclones in Hadhramaut Province|via=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-aiding-people-affected-cyclones-hadhramaut-province}}</ref> To help with food shortages, the [[World Food Programme]] had provided [[High Energy Biscuits]] by 30 November to 24,900 people, using pre-stocked supplies.<ref>{{cite report|
==See also==
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[[Category:Tropical cyclones in Yemen]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in Somalia]]
[[Category:October 2015 events in Asia]]
[[Category:November 2015 events]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2015]]
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