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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name
| settlement_type
| image_skyline
|perrow = 2/2/2
|border = infobox
|total_width =
|image1 =
|caption1 = [[
|image2 =
|caption2 = [[
|image3 = Cathedral oxford.jpg
|caption3 = [[
|image4 = Clarendon Building, Oxford, England - May 2010.jpg
|caption4 = [[Clarendon Building]]
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|image6 = Radcliffe Camera, Oxford - Oct 2006.jpg
|caption6 = [[Radcliffe Camera]]
}}
| imagesize
| image_alt
| image_caption =
| image_flag
| flag_alt
| image_shield
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| shield_link = Coat of arms of Oxford
| image_blank_emblem
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| nickname = City of dreaming spires | motto
| image_map
| mapsize
| map_alt
| map_caption
| pushpin_map
| pushpin_map_alt
| pushpin_map_caption
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_label_position
| coordinates
| coor_pinpoint
| coordinates_footnotes
| subdivision_type
| subdivision_name
| subdivision_type1
| subdivision_name1
| subdivision_type2
| subdivision_name2
| subdivision_type3
| subdivision_name3
| subdivision_type4
| subdivision_name4
| established_title
| established_date
| established_title1
| established_date1
| named_for
| seat_type
| seat
| parts_type
| parts = <!-- Government
| government_footnotes
| government_type = [[Non-metropolitan district]]
▲| government_footnotes = <ref name="Council leadership">{{cite web |url=https://www.oxford.gov.uk/oxford-councillors |title=Councillors |website=Oxford City Council |access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref>
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| leader_name = [[Executive arrangements#Leader and cabinet|Leader and cabinet]]▼
▲| leader_title1 = [[Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom|Control]]
▲| leader_name1 = {{English district control|GSS=E07000178}}
|
▲| leader_title3 = [[List of mayors of Oxford|Lord Mayor]]
▲| leader_name3 = Mike Rowley
▲| leader_title4 = [[List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election|MPs]]
| [[
▲| leader_name4 =
| [[
▲ | [[To be confirmed|TBC]]<!-- Oxford East constituency -->
▲ | [[To be confirmed|TBC]]<!-- Oxford West and Abingdon constituency -->
}}
<!-- Area -->| total_type = <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->▼
| total_type = ▼
▲<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
▲| area_footnotes = <ref>{{United Kingdom district population citation|area}}</ref>
▲| area_total_km2 = {{English district area|GSS=E07000178}}
▲| area_land_km2 =
<!-- Population -->| population_footnotes
▲| area_water_km2 =
| population_as_of = {{English statistics year}}
▲| area_rank = [[List of English districts by area|{{English district area rank|GSS=E07000178}}]]
| population_rank
▲| population_footnotes = <ref name="popstats">{{United Kingdom district population citation}}</ref>
|
▲| population_total = {{English district population|GSS=E07000178}}
▲| population_rank = [[List of English districts by population|{{English district rank|GSS=E07000178}}]]
▲| population_demonym = Oxonian
▲| demographics_type1 = Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]])</span>
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis">{{NOMIS2021|id=E07000178|title=Oxford Local Authority|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1
| demographics1_info1 = {{Collapsible
| 70.7% [[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]
| 15.4% [[British Asians|Asian]]
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| 3.7% [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|other]]
}}
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->| demographics_type2 = Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span>
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis"/>
| demographics2_title1
| demographics2_info1 = {{Collapsible
| 39.0% [[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|no religion]]
| 38.1% [[Religion in England#Christianity|Christianity]]
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| 9.9% not stated
}}
| timezone1
| utc_offset1
| timezone1_DST
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<!-- Codes -->| postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcode areas]]
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▲| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom|Dialling codes]]
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'''Oxford''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|k|s|f|ər|d|audio=En-uk-Oxford.ogg}}<!-- See [[MOS:RHOTIC]] and [[Help:IPA/English#Dialect variation]] for why the pronunciation is presented in this way. -->)<ref>{{cite book |editor=[[Clive Upton|Upton, Clive]] |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0-19-863156-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00upto/page/734 734] |display-editors=etal |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00upto/page/734 }}</ref><ref>Dictionary.com, "oxford" in Dictionary.com Unabridged. Source location: Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/oxford {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623104138/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Oxford |date=23 June 2012 }}. Available: http://dictionary.reference.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520140539/http://dictionary.reference.com/ |date=20 May 2015 }}. Accessed: 4 July 2012.</ref> is a [[City status in the United Kingdom|cathedral city]] and [[non-metropolitan district]] in [[Oxfordshire]], England, of which it is the county town. Founded in the 8th century, it was granted city status in 1542. The city is located at the confluence of the rivers [[Thames]] (locally known as [[the Isis]]) and [[River Cherwell|Cherwell]]. It had a population of {{English district population|GSS=E07000178}} in {{English statistics year}}.<ref name="popstats"/> It is {{convert|56|mi}} north-west of [[London]], {{convert|64|mi}} south-east of [[Birmingham]] and {{convert|61|mi}} north-east of [[Bristol]]. The city is home to the [[University of Oxford]], the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|oldest university]] in the [[English-speaking world]];<ref>{{harvnb|Sager|2005|p=36}}.</ref> it has buildings in every style of [[Architecture of England|English architecture]] since late [[History of Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]]. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing,
==History==
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====The city centre====
The city centre is relatively small and is centred on [[Carfax, Oxford|Carfax]], a crossroads which forms the junction of [[Cornmarket Street, Oxford|Cornmarket Street]] (pedestrianised), [[Queen Street, Oxford|Queen Street]] (mainly [[pedestrianised]]), [[St Aldate's, Oxford|St Aldate's]] and the [[High Street, Oxford|High Street]] ("the High"; blocked for through traffic). Cornmarket Street and Queen Street are home to Oxford's chain stores, as well as a small number of independent retailers, one of the longest established of which was [[Boswells of Oxford|Boswell's]], founded in 1738.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Boswells|url=http://www.boswells-online.co.uk//mall/infopageviewer.cfm/Boswells/AboutUs|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123112907/http://www.boswells-online.co.uk/mall/infopageviewer.cfm/Boswells/AboutUs|archive-date=23 November 2007|access-date=10 January 2010|publisher=Boswells-online.co.uk}}</ref> The store closed in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ffrench|first=Andrew|date=29 February 2020|title=Everything must go now at Boswells in closing down sale|newspaper=[[Oxford Mail]]|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/18271030.everything-must-go-now-boswells-closing-sale/|url-status=live|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329215229/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/18271030.everything-must-go-now-boswells-closing-sale/|archive-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> St Aldate's has few shops but several local government buildings, including the [[town hall]], the city police station and local council offices.
====Suburbs====
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[[File:Wellington Square Oxford 1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Wellington Square, Oxford|Wellington Square]], the name of which has become synonymous with the university's central administration]]
The presence of the university has also led to Oxford becoming a centre for the education industry. Companies often draw their teaching staff from the pool of [[Oxford University]] students and graduates, and, especially for [[English as a Foreign or Second Language|EFL education]], use their Oxford location as a selling point.<ref>
{{cite
|url=http://www.oxford-royale.co.uk/learn-english-in-oxford
|title=Learn English in Oxford
|newspaper=Oxford Royale
|publisher=oxford-royale.co.uk
|access-date=25 May 2014
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There is a long history of [[brewing]] in Oxford. Several of the colleges had private breweries, one of which, at [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose]], survived until 1889. In the 16th century brewing and [[malting]] appear to have been the most popular trades in the city. There were breweries in [[Brewer Street, Oxford|Brewer Street]] and [[Paradise Street, Oxford|Paradise Street]], near the [[Castle Mill Stream]]. The rapid expansion of Oxford and the development of its railway links after the 1840s facilitated expansion of the brewing trade.<ref name=Woolley78>{{cite journal |last1=Woolley |first1=Liz |year=2010 |title=Industrial Architecture in Oxford, 1870 to 1914 |journal=Oxoniensia |volume=LXXV |page=78 |publisher=[[Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society]] |issn=0308-5562}}</ref> As well as expanding the market for Oxford's brewers, railways enabled brewers further from the city to compete for a share of its market.<ref name=Woolley78/> By 1874 there were nine breweries in Oxford and 13 brewers' agents in Oxford shipping beer in from elsewhere.<ref name=Woolley78/> The nine breweries were: Flowers & Co in [[Cowley Road]], Hall's [[St Giles, Oxford|St Giles]] Brewery, Hall's Swan Brewery (see below), Hanley's City Brewery in [[Queen Street, Oxford|Queen Street]], Le Mills's Brewery in [[St. Ebbes]], [[Morrells Brewing Company|Morrell's]] Lion Brewery in [[Thomas the Apostle|St Thomas]] Street (see below), Simonds's Brewery in Queen Street, Weaving's Eagle Brewery (by 1869 the Eagle Steam Brewery) in [[Park End Street]] and Wootten and Cole's [[St Clement's, Oxford|St. Clement's]] Brewery.<ref name=Woolley78/>
The Swan's Nest Brewery, later the Swan Brewery, was established by the early 18th century in [[Paradise Street, Oxford|Paradise Street]], and in 1795 was acquired by William Hall.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Page |editor-first=William |editor-link=William Page (historian) |series=Victoria County History |title=A History of the County of Oxford, Volume 2: Industries: Malting and Brewing |year=1907 |publisher=[[Archibald Constable]] & Co |pages=225–277 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=101945#s12 |access-date=5 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316074332/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=101945#s12 |archive-date=16 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[brewery]] became known as Hall's Oxford Brewery, which acquired other local breweries. Hall's Brewery was acquired by [[Samuel Allsopp & Sons]] in 1926, after which it ceased brewing in Oxford.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Richmond|first1=Lesley|last2=Turton|first2=Alison|year=1990|title=The Brewing industry: a guide to historical records|isbn=978-0-7190-3032-1|page=165|publisher=Manchester University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NB8NAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA165|access-date=27 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921111019/https://books.google.com/books?id=NB8NAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA165&lpg=PA165&dq|archive-date=21 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Morrell's Brewing Company|Morrell's]] was founded in 1743 by Richard Tawney. He formed a partnership in 1782 with Mark and James Morrell, who eventually became the owners.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.headington.org.uk/history/famous_people/morrellfamily.htm |title=History of Headington, Oxford |publisher=Headington.org.uk |date=19 April 2009 |access-date=17 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323033009/http://www.headington.org.uk/history/famous_people/morrellfamily.htm |archive-date=23 March 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> After an acrimonious family dispute
===Bellfounding===
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==Buildings==
{{See also|Category: Buildings and structures in Oxford}}
[[File:Christ_Church_Cathedral_Interior_2,_Oxford,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg|right|thumb|[[Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford]]]]
[[File:Oxford_Botanic_Garden_in_Autumn_2004.jpg|right|thumb|[[Oxford Botanic Garden]]]]
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===Parks and nature walks===
{{See also|Category: Parks and open spaces in Oxford}}
Oxford is a very green city, with several parks and nature walks within the [[Oxford Ring Road|ring road]], as well as several sites just outside the ring road. In total, 28 [[nature reserve]]s exist within or just outside the ring road, including:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
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===Cycling===
Among
===Rail===
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* [[A420 road|A420]] – which also begins in Oxford and leads to [[Bristol]], passing [[Swindon]] and [[Chippenham]].
====Zero-emission
{{main|zero-emission zone in Oxford}}
On 28 February 2022 a [[zero-emission]] pilot area became operational in Oxford
A consultation on the introduction of a wider
====Bus gates====
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===Universities and colleges===
[[File:Sheldonian Theatre 2009 LL.jpg|right|thumb|[[Sheldonian Theatre]] in 2009]]
There are two universities in Oxford, the [[University of Oxford]] and [[Oxford Brookes University]], as well as the specialist further and higher education institution [[Ruskin College]] that is part of the University of West London in Oxford. The [[Islamic Azad University]] also has a
====The Bodleian Library====
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==Media==
As well as the [[BBC]] national [[radio station]]s, Oxford and the surrounding area has several local stations, including [[BBC Radio Oxford]], [[Heart South]], [[Destiny 105]], [[
Local papers include ''[[The Oxford Times]]'' (compact; weekly), its sister papers the ''[[Oxford Mail]]'' ([[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]]; daily) and the ''Oxford Star'' (tabloid; free and delivered), and ''[[Oxford Journal]]'' (tabloid; weekly free pick-up). Oxford is also home to several [[advertising agencies]]. ''[[Daily Information]]'' (known locally as "Daily Info") is an event information and advertising news sheet which has been published since 1964 and now provides a connected website. ''[[Nightshift (Oxford Music Magazine)|Nightshift]]'' is a monthly local free magazine that has covered the Oxford music scene since 1991.<ref>"[http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/archive/2000/07/06/Oxfordshire+Archive/6630975.Preview__Nightshift_night/ Preview: Nightshift night] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105092333/http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/archive/2000/07/06/Oxfordshire+Archive/6630975.Preview__Nightshift_night/ |date=5 January 2012 }}", "Oxford Mail", 6 July 2000</ref>
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===Football===
[[File:East stand, Kassam Stadium, Oxford United - geograph.org.uk - 1705831.jpg|thumb|[[Kassam Stadium]]]]
[[File:London Road, Manor Ground, Oxford.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Manor Ground, Oxford|Manor Ground]], off London Road in Headington
The city's leading [[football club (association football)|football club]], [[Oxford United F.C.|Oxford United]],
[[Oxford City F.C.]] is a semi-professional football club, separate from [[Oxford United]], they play in the [[National League
[[Oxford City Nomads F.C.]] was a semi-professional football club that ground-shared with Oxford City and played in the [[Hellenic Football League|Hellenic league]].
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===Individuals===
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Vice-Admiral (Royal Navy)|Vice Admiral]] [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount
* [[Arthur Annesley, 11th Viscount
* [[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet]] [[Reginald Tyrwhitt|Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt]]: 3 February 1919.
* Admiral of the Fleet [[David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty|Lord Beatty]]: 25 June 1919.
* [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl
* [[Michael Sadler (educationist)|Sir Michael Sadler]]: 18 May 1931.
* [[Benjamin R. Jones]]: 4 September 1942.
* [[William Morris, 1st Viscount
* [[Robert Menzies|Sir Robert Menzies]]: 6 June 1953.
* [[Alic Halford Smith]]: 10 February 1955.
* [[Vivian Smith, 1st Baron
* [[Clement
* [[Basil Blackwell|Sir Basil Blackwell]]: 12 January 1970.
* [[Olive Gibbs]]: 17 June 1982.
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