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{{Short description|Algeria-mediated treaty between Palestinian political organizations}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox treaty
| name = Algerian Document for Palestinian Reconciliation<br />{{nobold|{{lang|ar|{{Script/Arabic|الورقة الجزائرية للمصالحة الفلسطينية}}|rtl=yes}}}}
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| context = Ending the [[
| date_signed = {{Start date and age|2022|10|13|df=yes}}
| location_signed = [[Algiers]], Algeria
| mediators = {{flag|Algeria}}
| parties = <!--Just use the Palestinian flag because a lot of these parties' flags are copyrighted and will be removed by a bot.-->14, including:{{unbulletedlist
| {{flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Fatah]]
| {{flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Hamas]]
| {{flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]]
| {{flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Palestinian National Initiative]]
|language = [[Arabic]]▼
| {{flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Palestinian People's Party]]}}
}}
The '''2022 Palestinian reconciliation agreement''', officially the '''Algerian Document for Palestinian Reconciliation''' ({{Langx|ar|الورقة الجزائرية للمصالحة الفلسطينية}}) and also referred to as the '''Algiers Declaration''' ({{Lang|ar|إعلان الجزائر|rtl=yes}}), was signed by 14 different Palestinian political organizations, including [[Fatah]] and [[Hamas]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heaney |first=Christopher |title=OIC Welcomes Palestinian Factions’ Signing of Algeria Declaration of National Reconciliation - Statement (Non-UN Document) |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/oic-welcomes-palestinian-factions-signing-of-algeria-declaration-of-national-reconciliation-statement-non-un-document/ |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=Question of Palestine |language=en-US}}</ref> It was brokered in [[Algiers]] as part of the [[Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process]], though it has not been successful in ending the [[Fatah–Hamas conflict]], which began in the aftermath of the [[2006 Palestinian legislative election]] and the subsequent [[Battle of Gaza (2007)|2007 Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip]]. Months of talks leading to the deal were conducted in [[Algeria]] in preparation for the [[2022 Arab League summit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/13/palestinian-factions-sign-reconciliation-agreement-in-algeria |title=Palestinian factions sign reconcil agreement in Algeria {{!}} Palestinian Authority News {{!}} Al Jazeera |website=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|date=13 October 2022|accessdate=3 February 2023}}</ref>
The agreement included provisions to hold a [[Next Palestinian presidential election|presidential election]] and a [[Next Palestinian legislative election|parliamentary election]] within a year of signing. However, no new elections were held throughout 2023: Palestinian president [[Mahmoud Abbas]], who has been in power since 2005, has repeatedly delayed or called off new election efforts, citing the exclusion of potential Palestinian voters in [[Israeli-annexed East Jerusalem]], among other factors, though analysts have suggested that his presidency's unpopularity among the Palestinian populace has been the real reason for the years-long delay.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-fatah-meet-in-egypt-in-attempt-to-broker-reconciliation/ At Egypt summit with Fatah, Hamas chief calls to exploit Israeli ‘internal divisions’]</ref> As the deadline for the agreement approached, the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel|Hamas-led attack on Israel]] took place on 7 October 2023, sparking the [[Israel–Hamas war]] and rendering the deal ineffectual.<ref>{{cite news |title=Netanyahu says IDF will control Gaza after war, rejects notion of international force |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-says-idf-will-control-gaza-after-war-rejects-notion-of-international-force/ |url-status=live |access-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112163219/https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-says-idf-will-control-gaza-after-war-rejects-notion-of-international-force/ |archive-date=12 November 2023}}</ref>
==Background==
===Fatah and Hamas===
{{Main articles|Fatah–Hamas conflict}}▼
Hamas, on the other hand, is a [[Sunni Islamism|Sunni Islamist]] movement founded in 1987 that advocates for the [[Calls for the destruction of Israel|destruction of Israel]]. It is, in whole or in part, designated as a [[terrorist organization]] by several countries, including the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Laub |first1=Zachary |last2=Robinson |first2=Kali |date=August 17, 2021 |title=What Is Hamas? |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-hamas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012162713/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-hamas |archive-date=2022-10-12 |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 2021 |title=Hamas: The Palestinian militant group that rules Gaza |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13331522 |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124212053/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13331522 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, in recent years, Hamas has accepted the proposal of a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip as a temporary solution to the conflict.<ref>{{Cite web |last=الهدف |first=بوابة |date=20 July 2019 |title=هنية: لا نعارض دولة على حدود 67 |url=https://hadfnews.ps/post/57466/%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF-67 |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=بوابة الهدف الإخبارية |language=ar |archive-date=2021-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422234518/https://hadfnews.ps/post/57466/%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF-67 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=أبرز ما جاء في لقاء إسماعيل هنية مع علي الظفيري على شاشة قناة الجزيرة الفضائية |url=https://gazaalan.net/post/147.html |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=gazaalan.net |language=ar}}</ref>
▲{{Main articles|Fatah–Hamas conflict}}
=== 2006 Palestinian legislative election and 2007 Fatah–Hamas conflict ===
{{Main articles|2006 Palestinian legislative election|Battle of Gaza (2007)}}
The [[Fatah–Hamas conflict]] started in the aftermath of the [[2006 Palestinian legislative election|legislative elections of 2006]], in which Hamas participated, winning 74 out of 132 seats.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.elections.ps/pdf/Final_Results_PLC_Summary_Lists_Seats_2_En.pdf |title=Central Elections Commission (CEC) |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2008-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029054121/http://www.elections.ps/pdf/Final_Results_PLC_Summary_Lists_Seats_2_En.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Fatah refused to cooperate with the Hamas government, led by [[Ismail Haniyeh]].<ref name="reuters_timeline">{{Cite news |date=2007-06-20 |title=TIMELINE: Key events since 2006 Hamas election victory |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-timeline-idUSL1752364420070620 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930111252/http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/06/20/us-palestinians-timeline-idUSL1752364420070620 |archive-date=30 September 2015}}</ref> Tensions boiled on 10 June 2007, when [[Battle of Gaza (2007)|armed clashes between Fatah and Hamas forces erupted]] in the Gaza strip.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Only the dead enter Gaza; Al Mezan calls for immediate opening of the Rafah Crossing – occupied Palestinian territory |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/only-dead-enter-gaza-al-mezan-calls-immediate-opening-rafah |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=ReliefWeb |date=25 July 2007 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 June 2007 |title=Hamas launches new Gaza attacks |language=en-GB |work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6744713.stm |url-status=live |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503075121/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6744713.stm |archive-date=2022-05-03}}</ref> By 15 June, the Gaza strip was, in its entirety, under the control of [[Hamas militants]].<ref>{{Cite web |
=== 2007–2022 agreements of the Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process ===
{{Main articles|
Prior to 2022, there have been several attempts at reconciliation between Fatah and Hamas, with [[Egypt]] and [[Qatar]] serving as [[Mediation|mediators]]. A number of agreements have been reached and implemented to various degrees, such as the [[Sana'a Declaration]] in 2008, the [[Fatah–Hamas Doha Agreement]] in 2012, the [[2014 Fatah–Hamas Agreements|Gaza and Cairo agreements in 2014]], the [[2020
After the last one [[Palestinian Authority]] President [[Mahmoud Abbas]] postponed elections without setting a new date, reportedly due to fear the Israeli government will not allow voting in East Jerusalem.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-56929547 Palestinian elections: Abbas postpones rare polls]</ref>
==Negotiations==
In January 2022, Hamas announced that a delegation headed by [[Ismail Haniyeh]] would be going to [[Algeria]] for "Palestinian unity talks," after receiving an invitation from the Algerian ambassador in Qatar, where Haniyeh is based.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2022 |title=Hamas delegation to head to Algeria for Palestinian unity talks |url=https://hamas.ps/en/post/3870/Hamas-delegation-to-head-to-Algeria-for-Palestinian-unity-talks |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Hamas |language=ar |archive-date=2022-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115135819/https://hamas.ps/en/post/3870/Hamas-delegation-to-head-to-Algeria-for-Palestinian-unity-talks |url-status=live }}</ref>
In July 2022, [[Mahmoud Abbas]], leader of Fatah and [[President of the Palestinian National Authority]], held a public meeting with Haniyeh for the first time in more than five years in [[Algiers]], the capital city of Algeria. Hamas hailed the "historic" meeting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palestinian president, Hamas chief hold rare public meeting {{!}} |url=https://thearabweekly.com/palestinian-president-hamas-chief-hold-rare-public-meeting |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=AW |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Palestinian rivals Abbas, Haniyeh shake hands in Algeria – Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/07/palestinian-rivals-abbas-haniyeh-shake-hands-algeria |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=www.al-monitor.com |date=8 July 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2022-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807202128/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/07/palestinian-rivals-abbas-haniyeh-shake-hands-algeria |url-status=live }}</ref>
In September 2022, it was reported that delegations from Fatah and Hamas have headed to Algeria to conduct of talks on reconciliation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2022 |title=Fatah, Hamas head to Algeria to discuss Palestinian reconciliation |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20220920-fatah-hamas-head-to-algeria-to-discuss-palestinian-reconciliation/ |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Middle East Monitor |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927094923/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20220920-fatah-hamas-head-to-algeria-to-discuss-palestinian-reconciliation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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==Reactions==
[[Azzam al-Ahmad]], the head of [[Fatah]]'s delegation to [[Algiers]], said that the factions "signed this agreement to get rid of the malignant cancer of division that has entered the Palestinian body," and expressed his movement's optimism "that the agreement is implemented and will not remain ink on paper."<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2022 |title=Palestinian rivals Hamas and Fatah sign reconciliation deal in Algiers |url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20221013-palestinian-rivals-hamas-and-fatah-sign-reconciliation-deal-in-algiers |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014213020/https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20221013-palestinian-rivals-hamas-and-fatah-sign-reconciliation-deal-in-algiers |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Palestinian rivals Hamas and Fatah sign reconciliation deal in Algiers |url=https://www.wionews.com/world/palestinian-rivals-hamas-and-fatah-sign-reconciliation-deal-in-algiers-525350 |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=WION |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014090018/https://www.wionews.com/world/palestinian-rivals-hamas-and-fatah-sign-reconciliation-deal-in-algiers-525350 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[
[[Mustafa Barghouti]], secretary-general of the [[Palestinian National Initiative|Palestinian National Initialtive]], told the [[CNN]] that "it was agreed to elect the [[Palestinian National Council]] at home and abroad, using a [[Proportional representation|proportional representation system]] with the participation of all Palestinian factions, within a maximum period of one year from the date of signing the declaration."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahman |first=Abeer Salman,Ibrahim |date=13 October 2022 |title=Leading Palestinian factions sign reconciliation deal, aiming to pave way to elections |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/13/middleeast/palestinian-deal-hamas-fatah-intl/index.html |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015112036/https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/13/middleeast/palestinian-deal-hamas-fatah-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
==References==
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[[Category:2022 in the State of Palestine]]
[[Category:2022 in international relations]]
[[Category:
[[Category:October 2022 events in
[[Category:Intra-Palestinian peace efforts]]
[[Category:Algeria–State of Palestine relations]]
[[Category:Fatah–Hamas conflict]]
[[Category:History of Fatah]]
[[Category:History of Hamas]]
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