Australian ten-dollar note: Difference between revisions

| height_mm = 65cfs65

| years_of_printing = 1993–94, 1996–98, 2002–03, 2006–2008, 2012–2013, 2015, 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/resources/for-collectors/serial-numbers|title = Serial Numbers}}</ref>

The '''Australian ten-dollar note''' was one of the four original decimal banknotes excluding the [[Australian five-dollar note]], was issued when the currency was changed from the [[Australian pound]] to the [[Australian dollar]] on 14 February 1966;. itIt replaced the £5[[Australian five-pound note]], which included the same blue colouration. There have been four different issues of this denomination: a paper banknote; a commemorative hi-polymer note, to celebrate the bicentennial of Australian settlement (the first polymer banknote of its kind); the 1993–2017 polymer note; and from September 2017 a polymer note featuring a transparent window.

According to [[Reserve Bank of Australia]] statistics, as ofIn June 2017, there were 128 million $10 notes in circulation, with a net value of $1.280 billion.<ref name=rba-stats-100/> This was 2% of the cash value of all banknotes in circulation, and 8% of the number of all banknotes in circulation.<ref name=rba-stats-100>{{cite web |title=DISTRIBUTION-CIRCULATION AND PRODUCTION STATISTICS, AS AT END JUNE 2017 |url=http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/production-and-distribution/distribution/ |website=banknotes.rba.gov.au |publisher=Reserve Bank of Australia |accessdate=20 December 2017}}</ref>

Since the start of issue of $10 notes, there have been eleven signature combinations, of which the 1967 issue is the most valued. It was issued for one year only, along with the [[H. C. Coombs|Coombs]]/[[Roland Wilson (economist)|Wilson]] issue of 1966.

Following the issue of a new $5 note in September 2016, the RBA revealed the design for the new $10 note, andwhich was issued on the 20th ofin September, 2017.<ref>[http://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2017/mr-17-04.html Next Generation of Banknotes: $10 Design Reveal] [[Reserve Bank of Australia]] (www.rba.gov.au). February 17, 2017. Retrieved on 2017-02-18.</ref>

From 1966 to 1974, the main title identifying the countryAustralia was ''Commonwealth of Australia'';. thereThere were 470,000,000 notes issued in this period. This was subsequently changed to ''Australia'' until the end of issue of paper currency for this denomination in 1993, with 1,265,959,091 of these notes being printed. In the 1988 polymer issue, 17,500,000 banknotes were printed and was the new Australia 10-dollar note.

The polymer note, designed by Max Robinson, features [[Banjo Paterson|Andrew Barton (Banjo) Paterson]] on the obverse, with a horse from the [[Snowy Mountains]] region, and a [[acacia|wattle]] plant, also included isand his signature. His poetry is in the background. Dame [[Mary Gilmore]] is on the reverse, with 19th-century heavy transport with horse anda [[cartBullocky|bullock train]] and verses from her poetry. Her signature is included. A [[windmill]] is in the clear window with the raised wavy lines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/australias-banknotes/banknotes-in-circulation/ten-dollar/|title = $10 Banknote}}</ref> The $10 note of 2017 retains the themes of the original, with this issue featuring the Bramble Wattle (''Acacia victoriae'') and the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (''Cacatua galerita'').<ref>[http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/australias-banknotes/next-generation-banknotes-program/ NEXT GENERATION BANKNOTE PROGRAM] [[Reserve Bank of Australia]] (www.rba.gov.au). Retrieved on 2017-02-18.</ref>

The obverse design included the sailing ship [[HMS Supply (1759)|HMS ''Supply'']] anchored at [[Sydney Cove]], with the early colony in the background. Above are people who symbolise all who have contributed to Australia, from left the early settlers toon rightthe left, to the modern working man on the right.

The reverse design reflects the [[Australian Aboriginal culture]] and [[Aboriginal Australians|peoples]]. The main picture is an Aboriginal youth with [[Aboriginal ceremony|ceremonial]] paint by Wayne Williams, with a [[Morning Star Pole]] by Terry Yumbulul, other Aboriginal artworks commissioned by the Bank, and a human-like figure from [[Dreamtime]] mythology.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://museum.rba.gov.au/exhibitions/pocket-guides/the-reinvention-of-banknotes/the-reinvention-of-banknotes.html |title=The Reinvention of Banknotes |access-date=2021-07-25 |website=Reserve Bank of Australia}}</ref> Yumbulul was criticised from within the Aboriginal community for permitting the reproduction of the pole by the bank and sued the Reserve Bank for breach of copyright. The bank had commissioned an agent to obtain approval, and Yumbulul claimed the agent had misled and deceived him.<ref name="Yumbulul 1991 FCA 332"/><ref name=nswed3/>

A Morning Star Pole is culturally significant to the [[Galpu]] clan and Yumbulul's right to make the pole came with an obligation to "ensure that it is not used or reproduced in a way that offends against their perceptions of its significance".<ref name="Yumbulul 1991 FCA 332">{{cite AustLII|FCA|332|1991|litigants=Yumbulul v Reserve Bank of Australia |date=25 July 1991 |courtname=[[Federal Court of Australia|Federal Court]]}}.</ref><ref name=nswed3>{{cite web | title=Case study 3: Terry Yumbulul and the ten-dollar note | website=NSW Educational Standards Authority | url=https://ab-ed.nesa.nsw.edu.au/go/aboriginal-art/protecting-australian-indigenous-art/case-studies-of-copying-and-appropriation/case-study-3-terry-yumbulul-and-the-ten-dollar-note | access-date=23 July 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302163156/https://ab-ed.nesa.nsw.edu.au/go/aboriginal-art/protecting-australian-indigenous-art/case-studies-of-copying-and-appropriation/case-study-3-terry-yumbulul-and-the-ten-dollar-note| archive-date=32 March 2021| url-status=live}}</ref> The Reserve Bank settled the case against it;. however, theThe claim against the agent went to trial. Justice [[Robert French]] held that the copyright had been validly assigned and that, while Yumbulul may not have fully appreciated the implications of what he was doing in terms of his own cultural obligations, the agent had not engaged in misleading or deceptive conduct.<ref name="Yumbulul 1991 FCA 332"/><ref name=nswed3/>

The paper design included a watermark in the white field of Captain [[James Cook]],. theThe watermark was also used in the last issue of pound banknotes. A metallic strip, first near the centre of the note, then from 1976 moved to the left side on the obverse of the note.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/counterfeit-detection/security-features-overview|title = Security Features Overview}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/banknote-features/|title = Banknote Features}}</ref>

The [[Polymerpolymer]] issue includes a shadow image of the coat of arms which is printed over. Embossing or a raised image is in the clear window of wavy lines. Also for this issue fluorescentFluorescent colouring was added to the serial numbers. A star with four points on the obverse and three on the reverse which join under light.

Raised print and microprinting of the poem [[The Man from Snowy River (poem)|''The Man from Snowy River'']] and the denomination value are included.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/counterfeit-detection/security-features-overview|title = Security Features Overview}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/banknote-features/|title = Banknote Features}}</ref>