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{{Short description|South Tyrolean film producer, writer, actor (1892–1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=OctoberMay 20192023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Luis Trenker
| image = Luis Trenker (Freiburg 1982).jpg
| caption = Freiburg 1982
| birth_name = Alois Franz Trenker
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1892|10|04}}
| birth_place = [[Urtijëi|Sankt Ulrich in Gröden]], [[County of Tyrol]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1990|04|1312|1892|10|04}}
| death_place = [[Bolzano|Bozen]], [[South Tyrol]], [[Italy]]
| occupation = Film producer, director, writer, actor, architect, bobsledder
| yearsactive = 1921–1982
}}
 
'''Luis Trenker''' (born '''Alois Franz Trenker''', 4 October 1892 – 1312 April 1990) was a [[South Tyrol]]ean film producer, director, writer, actor, architect, [[Mountaineering|alpinist]], and [[Bobsleigh|bobsledder]].
 
==Biography==
===Early life===
Alois Franz Trenker was born on 4 October 1892 in [[Urtijëi]], [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]] ({{lang-langx|de|link=no|St. Ulrich in Gröden}}, {{lang-langx|it|Ortisei}}) in the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] (in present-day northern Italy).<ref>Vierhaus,{{Cite book|last=Vierhaus|first=Rudolf (2008) ''[[Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie]]'' [|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MAlCv4xROAC&pg=PA94|title=Thies "Trenker"]– VolumeZymalkowski|date=3 10:94May 2011|publisher=Walter de Gruyter {{ISBN|9783110963816isbn=978-3-11-096381-6|language=de}}</ref> His father Jacob Trenker was a painter from North Tyrol, and his mother Karolina (''née'' Demetz) was from Urtijëi in [[Val Gardena]]. He grew up speaking two languages: German, the language of his father, and [[Ladin language|Ladin]], the language of his mother. He attended the local primary school from 1898 to 1901, and then attended the Josefinum in [[Bolzano]] in 1902 and 1903. From 1903 to 1905, he attended the arts and crafts school in Bolzano, where he developed his skills as a woodcarver.
 
In 1912, he entered the Realschule in [[Innsbruck]], where he studied Italian as a foreign language. There he began his middle school studies. During his high school years, he spent his holidays working for mountain guides and ski instructors. After his matriculation examinations in 1912, Trenker studied architecture at the [[TU Wien|Technical University]] in [[Vienna]].
 
===World War I===
At the start of [[World War I]], Trenker fought as a cadet in an [[Austro-Hungarian army|Austro-Hungarian]] heavy artillery unit on the Eastern Front in [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]] and [[Poland|Russisch-Polen]]. From 1915 to 1918, he fought in the mountain war against Italy, infrom the1916 borderin fortressone of Nauders.the LaterMountain heGuide foughtCompanies in({{interlanguage [[Trento]]link|k.k. From 1916 he served as a mountain guideBergführerkompanien|de}}) in the [[Dolomites]]. At the end of the war he had achieved the rank of Lieutenant. He would write 23 books based on his war experiences, the most important of which were ''Fort Rocca Alta'' and ''Berge in Flammen'', the latter of which was made into the 1931 film ''[[Mountains on Fire]]''.
 
At the end of the war, Trenker made several unsuccessful attempts to start an architecture business in Bolzano. In 1924 he graduated from the [[Graz University of Technology|Technical University]] of [[Graz]], and then worked as an architect in Bolzano, forming a business partnership with the Austrian architect [[Clemens Holzmeister]]. In 1924, Trenker participated in the [[Bobsleigh at the 1924 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympic Games]] in [[Chamonix]] as a member of the Italian five-man bobsled team. Under the leadership of Pilot Lodovico Obexer, they ended up in sixth place.
 
===Film career===
Trenker's first contact with film came in 1921, when he helped director [[Arnold Fanck]] on one of his [[mountain film]]s. The main actor could not perform the stunts required, and so Trenker assumed the leading role. He gradually assumed more roles on the set, and by 1928 was directing, writing, and starring in his own films. By nowthen, he had abandoned his job as an architect to concentrate on his films.
 
In 1928 he married Hilda von Bleichert, the daughter of a fabrics manufacturer from Leipzig, andwith togetherwhom theyhe had four children. In 1932 Trenker created (with [[Curtis Bernhardt]] and [[Edwin H. Knopf]]) a [[historical film]] ''[[The Rebel (1932 film)|The Rebel]]''. Trenker stated that the film's plotline of a [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrolean]] [[mountaineer]] Severin Anderlan leading a revolt against occupying French forces in 1809, during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. The greatest [[German Tyrol|Tirol]]ean patriot [[Andreas Hofer]] was a proto-type of "Severin Anderlan" ... Trenker was designed to mirror what was happening in contemporary Germany as it rejected the terms of the [[Treaty of Versailles]].<ref>Prawer p. 207.</ref>
 
The main theme of Trenker's work was the idealization of peoples connection with their homeland and pointing out the decadence of city life (most clearly visible in his 1934 film ''Der verlorene Sohn'' (''The Prodigal Son''). This loosely played into the hands of Nazi propagandists, who seized upon the nationalistic elements of his work. However, Trenker refused to allow his work to be subverted as such and eventually moved to Rome in 1940 to avoid further governmental pressure. After a pair of documentary films, however, Trenker returned to Bolzano and stopped making films. The style he had developed in the thirties was not limited to nationalistic, folkloristic, and heroic clichés. His impersonation of a hungry, downtrodden immigrant in depression era New York was regarded as one of the seminal scenes for future [[Italian neorealism]] by the likes of [[Roberto Rossellini]].
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===Later life===
In 1988 Hilda Trenker von Bleichert died. Luis Trenker died on 13 April 1990 in Bolzano at the age 97. He was buried in his family's plot at [[Urtijëi]]. In 1992, for the centennial of his birth, his native town of Ortisei dedicated a monument that shows him in mountaineer dressesgarb while looking at the Langkofel, a mountain he liked to climb. In March 2004, the [[Museum Gherdëina]] displayed a collection of Trenker's belongings from a bequest of his family.
 
==Filmography==
* ''[[Mountain of Destiny]]'' (1924), ''Der Berg des Schicksals'', {{small|actor}}
* ''[[The Holy Mountain (1926 film)|The Holy Mountain]]'' (1926), ''Der heilige Berg'', {{small|actor}}
* ''[[The Great Leap (film)|The Great Leap]]'' (1927), ''Der große Sprung'', {{small|actor}}
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* ''[[Love Letters from Engadin]]'' (1938), ''Liebesbriefe aus dem Engadin'', {{small|producer, director, writer, actor}}
* ''Boundary Fire'' (1939), {{small|producer}}
* ''Urlaub im Schnee'' (1939, short), {{small|producer}}
* ''[[The Fire Devil]]'' (1940), {{small|producer, director, writer, actor}}
* ''Der König der Berge'' (1940, short), {{small|producer, writer}}
* ''Pastor Angelicus'' (1942), {{small|director}}
* ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Germanin – Die Geschichte einer kolonialen Tat|de}}'' (1943), {{small|actor}}
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* ''[[Barrier to the North]]'' (1950), ''Barriera a settentrione'', ''Duell in den Bergen'', {{small|director, writer, actor}}
* ''Aus König Laurins Rosengarten'' (1951), {{small|producer, actor}}
* ''Bergsommer'' (1952, short), {{small|producer}}
* ''An der Dolomitenstraße'' (1952, short), {{small|producer, director, writer}}
* ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Kleine Kletterfahrt|de}}'' (1952, short), {{small|producer, director, writer}}
* ''Niemals mutlos'' (1952, short), ''Don't Surrender Never!'', {{small|producer, director, writer}}
* ''Gondelfahrt durch Venedig'' (1952, short), ''Venetian Walk'', {{small|producer, director, writer}}
* ''Lofotenfischer'' (1952, short), ''The Lofoten Fisher'', {{small|producer, director, writer}}
* ''Die Sphinx von Zermatt'' (1953, short), {{small|producer, director, writer}}
* ''Kavaliere im Eis'' (1954, short), {{small|producer, director, writer}}
* ''{{Interlanguage[[Escape linkto multi|Ilthe prigioniero della montagna|it}}Dolomites]]'' (1955), {{small|director, writer, actor}}
* ''S.O.S. Zinnennordwand'' (1955, short), {{small|director}}
* ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Gold aus Gletschern|de}}'' (1956), {{small|producer, director}}
* ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Von der Liebe besiegt|de}}'' (1956), {{small|director, novel, actor}}
* ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Wetterleuchten um Maria|de}}'' (1957), {{small|director}}
* ''Unser Freund, der Haflinger'' (1957, short), ''Our Friend Haflinger'', {{small|producer, director}}
* ''Zwei Wege, ein Gipfel'' (1961, short), {{small|producer, director, writer}}
* ''[[His Best Friend (1962 film)|His Best Friend]]'' (1962), ''His Best Friend'', {{small|director, screenplay, actor}}
* ''Vacanze scambio'' (1962), {{small|director}}
* ''Luftsprünge'' (1969–70, television series), {{small|actor}}
* ''Skifreuden in den Dolomiten'' (1970, short), {{small|producer, director, writer}}
* ''Ich filmte am Matterhorn'' (1970), {{small|producer, director, writer}}
* ''Olympia'' (1971), {{small|actor}}
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* 1966 [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]
* 1977 Order of Merit of the State of Tyrol
* 1978 [[Karl Valentin Order]] of Merit
* 1979 [[Bavarian Order of Merit]]
* 1982 [[Deutscher Filmpreis]] for Outstanding Individual Contributions to German Cinema<ref name="nytimes-lt">{{cite web|title=Luis Trenker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/114541/Luis-Trenker/biography |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109113833/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/114541/Luis-Trenker/biography |url-status=dead |archive-date=249 DecemberJanuary 20132014 |department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=[[The New York Times]] |author=Sandra Brennan |date=2014 |accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref>
 
==Gallery==
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==Further reading==
* Birgel, Franz A. (2000). "Luis Trenker: A Rebel in the Third Reich?”" In "Through a National Socialist Lens: Cinema in Nazi Germany." Ed. Robert Reimer and intro. David Bathrick. Rochester, NY: Camden House. Pages 37–64.
* Friehs, Julia, and Daniel Winkler, Marie-Noëlle Yazdanpanah (1955). "Südtirol-Trentino, Heimatfilm und Nachkriegskino" in ''Zibaldone. Zeitschrift für italienische Kultur der Gegenwart''. Südtirol. Nr. 49/2010.
* Friehs, Julia, and Daniel Winkler, Marie-Noëlle Yazdanpanah. "Alpine Medienavantgarde? Luis Trenker, der John Wayne der Dolomiten" in ''Journal für Kulturstudien 21''. S. 80–91.
* Gorter, Wolfgang (1977). ''Mein Freund Luis Trenker''. Heering, Seebruck am Chiemsee. {{ISBN|9783776351507978-3-7763-5150-7}}.
* König, Stefan, and Florian Trenker (2006). ''Bera Luis. Das Phänomen Luis Trenker. Eine Biographie.'' München: Berg und Tal. {{ISBN|9783939499022978-3-939499-02-2}}.
* Köpf, Gerhard (1994). ''Ezra und Luis oder die Erstbesteigung des Ulmer Münsters''. Innsbruck.
* Kratochvíl, Antonín (1980). ''Abendgespräche mit Luis Trenker''. München: Athos. {{ISBN|9783884990087978-3-88499-008-7}}.
* Leimgruber, Florian (1994). ''Luis Trenker, Regisseur und Schriftsteller''. Bozen: Frasnelli-Keitsch. {{ISBN|9788885176041978-88-85176-04-1}}.
* Menzel, Roderich. (1982). ''Luis Trenker''. Düsseldorf: Hoch. {{ISBN|9783777903026978-3-7779-0302-6}}.
* Nottebohm, Rudolf, and Hans-Jürgen Panitz (1987). ''Fast ein Jahrhundert Luis Trenker''. München: Herbig. {{ISBN|9783776614893978-3-7766-1489-3}}.
* Panitz, Hans-Jürgen (2009). ''Luis Trenker – ungeschminkt. Bilder, Stationen, Begegnungen''. Tyrolia und Athesia. {{ISBN|9783702230418978-3-7022-3041-8}}.
* Thalhammer, Hans (1933). ''Luis Trenker, der Bergführer''. Lilienfeld: Waldland.
* Waldner, Hansjörg (1990). ''Deutschland blickt auf uns Tiroler. Südtirol-Romane zwischen 1918 und 1945.'' Wien: Picus. {{ISBN|9783854522102978-3-85452-210-2}}.
 
==External links==
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* http://www.walter-riml.at/welcome/1927-gita-the-goat-girl/ Luis Trenker
* {{PM20|FID=pe/035265}}
* {{Olympedia|98369}}
 
{{Luis Trenker}}
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[[Category:German-language film directors]]
[[Category:Italian people of Austrian descent]]
[[Category:MountaineeringClimbing and mountaineering film directors]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Austrian male actors]]
[[Category:Bobsledders at the 1924 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from South Tyrol]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Trenker"