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{{Use Indian English|date=August__2015}}
{{Courts of India}}
The '''high courts of India''' are the highest courts of [[appellate jurisdiction]] in each [[States and union territories of India|state]] and [[union territory]] of [[India]]. However, a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of peculiar or territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated, especially<ref>{{Cite book|last=Body league my presw Ho Chi Minh.....|first=Engineering New Zealand (Organisation), issuing|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1015974760|title=EG.|oclc=1015974760}}</ref> by the [[Constitution of India|constitution]], a state law or union law.▼
{{Infobox high court
|court_name =High Courts Of India
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|dissolved = <!-- year -->
|country = <!-- Official jurisdiction -->
|location =Respective <!--States cityand -->Union Territory of India
|coordinates = <!-- {{coord|45.000|-122.000|display=inline,title}} -->
|type =
|type = <!-- partisan election/non-partisan election/legislative selection/executive selection/co-option/etc -->
|authority =[[Indian <!-- constitution/statute/monarch-->Constitution]]
|appealsto =[[Supreme Court of India]]
|appeals = <!-- appeals from this court go where -->
|terms = <!-- length of court term for judges -->
|positions = <!-- number of positions/seats on court -->
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|termend4 = <!-- year term of current deputy chief ends if applicable -->
}}
▲The '''high courts of India''' are the highest courts of [[appellate jurisdiction]] in each [[States and union territories of India|state]] and [[union territory]] of [[India]]. However, a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of peculiar or territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated, especially<ref>{{Cite book|last=Body league my presw Ho Chi Minh.....|first=Engineering New Zealand (Organisation), issuing|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1015974760|title=EG.|oclc=1015974760}}</ref> by the [[Constitution of India|constitution]], a state law or union law.
 
 
The work of most high courts primarily consists of appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution. Writ jurisdiction is also the original jurisdiction of a high court.
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Judges in a high court are appointed by the [[president of India]] in consultation with the [[Chief Justice of India|chief justice of India]] and the [[Governors of states of India|governor of the state]] under Article 217, Chapter Five of Part VI of the Constitution, but through subsequent judicial interpretations, the primacy of the appointment process is on the hands of the [[Three Judges Cases|Judicial Collegium]]. High courts are headed by a chief justice. The chief justices rank fourteenth (within their respective states) and seventeenth (outside their respective states) on the [[Indian order of precedence]]. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that high court, whichever is higher.
 
The [[CalcuttaMadras High Court]] is the oldest high court in the country, established on 226 JulyJune 1862. High courts that handle numerous cases of a particular region have permanent benches established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits. Smaller states with few cases may have circuit benches established. Circuit benches (known as [[circuit court]]s in some parts of the world) are temporary courts which hold proceedings for a few selected months in a year. Thus cases built up during this interim period are judged when the circuit court is in session. According to a study conducted by [[Bangalore]]-based N.G.O, Daksh, on 21 high courts in collaboration with the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]] in March 2015, it was found that average pendency of a case in high courts in India is 3 years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/HCs-taking-3-years-on-average-to-decide-cases-Study/articleshow/51503719.cms|title=HCs taking 3 years on average to decide cases: Study|last=Thakur|first=Pradeep|date=March 22, 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=March 9, 2018|location=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=23379369|archive-date=9 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309073006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/HCs-taking-3-years-on-average-to-decide-cases-Study/articleshow/51503719.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
The buildings of Bombay High Court (as part of [[The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai |the Victorian and art deco ensemble of Mumbai]]) and Punjab and Haryana High Court (as part of [[The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier|the architectural work of Le Corbusier]]) are [[UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]].
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== High courts ==
 
The [[Calcutta High Court]] in [[Kolkata]] (est. 1862), [[Bombay High Court]] in [[Mumbai]] (est. 1862), [[Madras High Court]] in [[Chennai]] (est. 1862), [[Allahabad High Court]] in [[Allahabad]] (est. 1866), and Bangalore High Court (now [[BangaloreKarnataka High Court]]) in [[BangaloreBengaluru]] (est. 1884) are the five oldest high courts in India. The [[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra High Court]] and [[Telangana High Court]] are the newest high courts, established on 1 January 2019 according to the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]].
 
The following are the 25 high courts in India, sorted by name, year established, [[Act (document)|act]] by which it was established, jurisdiction, principal seat (headquarters), permanent benches (subordinate to the principal seat), circuit benches (functional a few days in a month/year), the maximum number of judges sanctioned, and the presiding chief justice of the high court:
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! scope=col | #
!Sl No
! stylescope="width:15%;" Sr.no. !col | Court
! scope=col | Established
! scope=col | Act
! Act established
! scope=col | Jurisdiction
! scope=col | Principal seat
! Bench(es)
! scope=colgroup colspan="3" | Judges
! scope=col style="width:20%;" | Chief justice
|- valign="top"
!|1
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Allahabad High Court]]'''<ref name="ahc">Originally established at [[Agra]], it shifted to Allahabad in 1875.</ref>
| {{Date table sorting|17-03-1866}}
| [[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
Line 74 ⟶ 73:
|[[Allahabad|Prayagraj]]
|[[Lucknow]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
!| 160
|119
|41
|[[Arun Bhansali]]
|- valign="top"
!|2
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://barandbench.com/high-court-andhra-pradesh-notified/|title=High Court of Andhra Pradesh to function at Amaravati from Jan 1, 2019|date=2018-12-26|website=Bar & Bench|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref>
| {{Date table sorting|01-01-2019}}
| [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]]
Line 86 ⟶ 85:
| [[Amaravati]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 37
| 28
| 9
|[[Dhiraj Singh Thakur]]
|- valign="top"
!|3
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Bombay High Court]]'''
| {{Date table sorting|14-08-1862}}
|[[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
Line 98 ⟶ 97:
| [[Mumbai]]
|[[Aurangabad]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Nagpur]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Panaji]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
!| 94
|71
|23
|[[Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya]]
|-▼
|- valign="top"
!|4
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Calcutta High Court]]'''
| {{Date table sorting|02-07-1862}}
|[[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
Line 110 ⟶ 109:
| [[Kolkata]]
|[[Port Blair]]{{Efn-ua|Circuit bench.|name=Circuit bench}} <br>[[Jalpaiguri]]{{Efn-ua|Circuit bench.|name=Circuit bench}}
!| 7298
|5478
|1828
|[[T. S. Sivagnanam]]
|-▼
|- valign="top"
!|5
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Chhattisgarh High Court]]'''
| {{Date table sorting|01-11-2000}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000]]
Line 122 ⟶ 121:
|[[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 22
|17
|5
|[[Ramesh Sinha]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|6
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Delhi High Court]]'''<ref name="dhc">[[Lahore High Court]] was established at [[Lahore]] on 21 March 1919 and had jurisdiction over [[Punjab region|undivided Punjab]] and [[Delhi]]. On 11 August 1947 a separate [[Punjab High Court]] was created with its seat at [[Shimla|Simla]] under the [[Indian Independence Act, 1947]], which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and present Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after the reorganisation of the State of Punjab, the High Court was designated as the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] at [[Chandigarh]]. The Delhi High Court was established on 31 October 1966 with its seat at Simla which was later shifted to New Delhi in 1971 after the Himachal Pradesh was granted the statehood with its own High Court at Simla.</ref>
| {{Date table sorting|31-10-1966}}
| Delhi High Court Act, 1966
Line 134 ⟶ 133:
| [[New Delhi]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 60
|46
|14
|''Manmohan<br>(Acting)''
|-
|- valign="top"
!|7
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Gauhati High Court]]'''<ref name="ghc">Originally known as the [[High Court of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland]], it was renamed as Gauhati High Court in 1971.</ref>
| {{Date table sorting|01-03-1948}}
|[[Government of India Act 1935]]
Line 146 ⟶ 145:
| [[Guwahati]]
|[[Aizawl]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Itanagar]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Kohima]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
!| 30
|22
|8
|[[Vijay Bishnoi]]
|- valign="top"
!|8
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Gujarat High Court]]'''
| {{Date table sorting|01-05-1960}}
| Bombay ReorgansisationReorganisation Act, 1960
| [[Gujarat]]
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 52
|39
|13
|[[Sunita Agarwal]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|9
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Himachal Pradesh High Court]]'''
| {{Date table sorting|25-01-1971}}
| State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970
Line 170 ⟶ 169:
| [[Shimla]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 17
|13
|4
|[[M. S. Ramachandra Rao (judge)|M. S. Ramachandra Rao]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|10
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |'''[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court]]<ref name="jkhc">Originally, known as the [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]. But Jammu and Kashmir having been bifurcated into two union territories, since the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act (2019)|reorganization of the state]], the court was renamed as the High Court of Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh in July 2021.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New nomenclature for Jammu and Kashmir High Court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-nomenclature-for-jammu-and-kashmir-high-court/article35377076.ece |access-date=7 December 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=17 July 2021 |language=en-IN |archive-date=3 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903143931/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-nomenclature-for-jammu-and-kashmir-high-court/article35377076.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>'''
| {{Date table sorting|26-03-1928}}
| [[Letters Patent]] issued by then [[Maharaja of Kashmir]], [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019]]
Line 182 ⟶ 181:
| [[Srinagar]]/[[Jammu]]{{Efn-ua|Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.|name=J&K capital}}
|{{center|—}}
!| 17
|13
|4
|[[N. Kotiswar Singh]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|11
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Jharkhand High Court]] '''
| {{Date table sorting|15-11-2000}}
|[[Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000]]
Line 198 ⟶ 197:
|5
|''Shree Chandrashekhar<br>(Acting)''
|-
|- valign="top"
!|12
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Karnataka High Court]]'''<ref name="kahc">Originally known as [[Mysore High Court]], it was renamed as Karnataka High Court in 1974.</ref>
| {{Date table sorting|1884}}
| Mysore High Court Act, 1884
| [[Karnataka]]
| [[BangaloreBengaluru]]
|[[Dharwad]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Kalaburagi]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
! 62
Line 210 ⟶ 209:
|15
|[[Nilay Vipinchandra Anjaria]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|13
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Kerala High Court]]'''<ref name="kehc">The High Court of [[Travancore-Cochin]] was inaugurated at [[Kochi]] on 7 July 1949. The state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. That Act abolished the Travancore-Cochin High Court and created the Kerala High Court. The Act also extended the jurisdiction of the Kerala High Court to Lakshadweep.</ref>
| {{Date table sorting|01-11-1956}}
| [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]]
Line 218 ⟶ 217:
| [[Kochi]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 47
|35
|12
|[[Ashish Jitendra Desai]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|14
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]'''<ref name="mphc">Under the Government of India Act 1935, a High Court was established at [[Nagpur]] for the [[Central Provinces]] by Letters Patent dated 2 January 1936. After the reorganization of states, this High Court was moved to Jabalpur in 1956.</ref>
| {{Date table sorting|02-01-1936}}
| [[Government of India Act 1935]]
Line 230 ⟶ 229:
|[[Jabalpur]]
| [[Gwalior]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Indore]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
!| 53
|39
|14
|''Sheel Nagu<br>(Acting)''
|[[Ravi Malimath]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|15
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Madras High Court]]'''
|{{Date table sorting|1526-0806-1862}}
|[[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|[[Chennai]]
|[[Madurai]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
!| 75
|56
|19
|''R. Mahadevan<br>(Acting)''
|[[Sanjay V. Gangapurwala]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|16
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Manipur High Court]]'''
| {{Date table sorting|25-03-2013}}
| North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012
Line 254 ⟶ 253:
| [[Imphal]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 5
|4
|1
|[[Siddharth Mridul]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|17
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Meghalaya High Court]]'''
| {{Date table sorting|23-03-2013}}
| North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012
Line 266 ⟶ 265:
| [[Shillong]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 4
|3
|1
|[[S. Vaidyanathan]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|18
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Orissa High Court]]'''<ref name="ohc">Though the State of Orissa was renamed Odisha in March 2011, the Orissa High Court retained its original name. There has been an ongoing discussion on how to legally change the nomenclature of the High Courts to reflect the renaming of states, but so far none has changed.</ref>
| {{Date table sorting|03-04-1948}}
| Orissa High Court Ordinance, 1948
Line 278 ⟶ 277:
| [[Cuttack]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 33
|24
|9
|[[Chakradhari Sharan Singh]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|19
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Patna High Court]]'''
| {{Date table sorting|02-09-1916}}
| Letters Patent issued by then [[British Crown]]
Line 290 ⟶ 289:
| [[Patna]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 53
|40
|13
|[[K. Vinod Chandran]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|20
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]'''<ref name="phhc">Originally known as [[Punjab High Court]], it was renamed as Punjab and Haryana High Court in 1966.</ref>
| {{Date table sorting|15-08-1947}}
| Punjab High Court Ordinance, 1947
Line 302 ⟶ 301:
| [[Chandigarh]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 85
|64
|21
|''Gurmeet Singh Sandhawalia<br>(Acting)''
|- valign="top"
!|21
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Rajasthan High Court]]'''
| {{Date table sorting|21-06-1949}}
| Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949
Line 314 ⟶ 313:
| [[Jodhpur]]
|[[Jaipur]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
!| 50
|38
|12
|[[Manindra Mohan Shrivastava]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|22
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Sikkim High Court]]'''
| {{Date table sorting|16-05-1975}}
| The 36th Amendment to the Indian Constitution
Line 326 ⟶ 325:
| [[Gangtok]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 3
|3
|0
|[[Biswanath Somadder]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|23
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Telangana High Court]]'''<ref name="hhc">Originally known as [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]], and it was established on 5 November 1956 but it was renamed as [[High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad]] in 2014, renamed again as Telangana High Court on 20 April 1920.</ref>
| {{Date table sorting|01-01-2019}}
| Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014
Line 338 ⟶ 337:
|[[Hyderabad]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 42
|32
|10
|[[Alok Aradhe]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|24
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Tripura High Court]]'''
| {{Date table sorting|26-03-2013}}
| North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012
Line 350 ⟶ 349:
| [[Agartala]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 5
|4
|1
|[[Aparesh Kumar Singh]]
|-
|- valign="top"
!|25
! stylescope="background:#c1e0ff;"row |''' [[Uttarakhand High Court]]'''<ref name="uhc">Originally known as [[Uttaranchal High Court]], it was renamed as Uttarakhand High Court in 2007.</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|09-11-2000}}
|[[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000]]
Line 362 ⟶ 361:
|[[Nainital]]
|{{center|—}}
!| 11
|9
|2
Line 368 ⟶ 367:
|-
|- class=sortbottom
! rowspancolspan="2"7 |Total
!1114
! colspan="6" |<big>'''Total'''</big>
!840
!'''<big>1114</big>'''
!274
!'''<big>840</big>'''
! -
!'''<big>274</big>'''
!
|- class=sortbottom
! colspan="10" |Notes
|- class=sortbottom
▲|
| colspan="10" |{{Notelist-ua}}▼
|}
 
▲| colspan="10" |{{Notelist-ua}}
 
== High courts by states/union territories ==
Line 509 ⟶ 504:
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Karnataka]]'''
| [[Karnataka High Court]]
|[[BangaloreBengaluru]]
|[[Dharwad]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} and [[GulbargaKalaburagi]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Kerala]]'''
Line 612 ⟶ 607:
|[[Jalpaiguri]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|-
! colspan="4" |Notes
▲|-
| colspan="4" |{{Notelist}}▼
|}
▲| colspan="4" |{{Notelist}}
 
== High Court Bench Demands ==
Residents of Western [[Uttar Pradesh]] have also been long demanding a high court bench in [[Meerut]]. Almost 54% of all cases reaching the High Court originate from the 22 districts of Western UP, still, western Uttar Pradesh does not have a High Court.
 
People have to travel 700 km away to Allahabad for hearings. In fact, 6 high courts (Shimla, Delhi, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Nainital, Jammu) from other states are closer than Allahabad from western Uttar Pradesh. Even [[Lahore]] High Court is closer than [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]].
 
While west UP accounts for 51.71% of state GDP, the lagging Bundelkhand accounts for just 5.22%, though it has risen from 4.95% bringing some solace to the government. Western Uttar Pradesh has been generating the most revenues for the government and has not been given enough representation in the government and justice system.
 
Investments in western Uttar Pradesh have also been questioned by companies due to improper justice administration in western Uttar Pradesh. The demand for a separate state of [[Harit Pradesh]], with [[Meerut]] as its capital, has also been gaining momentum due to this.
Even Union Minister [[Sanjeev Balyan|Sanjeev Baliyan]] proposed making a new state in [[Harit Pradesh]] with [[Meerut]] as its capital; one of the reasons cited was judicial partiality.
 
==Courts under a high court==
Line 644 ⟶ 627:
 
==Further reading==
* {{cite web | title= Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts | work=Eastern Book Company | url=http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/hcourts.htm | access-date=2 September 2005 | archive-date=16 January 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116112219/http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/hcourts.htm | url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/roct2003/30102003/r301020036.html | title= Judge Strength in High Courts Increased | work=Press Information Bureau–Govt. of India | access-date=2 September 2005 | archive-date=22 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022014634/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/roct2003/30102003/r301020036.html | url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | title=Judiciary | work=Supreme Court of India | url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/new_s/constitution.htm | access-date=2 September 2005 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829212628/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/new_s/constitution.htm | archive-date=29 August 2005 | df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite web | title= Constitution of India| work=Wikisource| url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India| access-date=31 December 2005| archive-date=21 August 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821065358/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India| url-status=live}}
* {{cite web | title= Madras High Court |url=http://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/cjhc.htm |publisher=Hcmadras.tn.nic.in |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509055050/http://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/cjhc.htm |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3409298.ece | title= Soon, High Courts in 3 Northeastern States | date=11 May 2012 | access-date=11 May 2012 | newspaper= The Hindu | archive-date=17 May 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517122226/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3409298.ece | url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | url=httphttps://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-21city/chennai/34001329_1_delhiNew-chief-justice-of-Delhi-high-court-chiefto-justiceassume-permanentcharge-on-judgeWednesday/articleshow/16488428.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508221217/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-21/chennai/34001329_1_delhi-high-court-chief-justice-permanent-judge | url-status=deadlive | archive-date=8 May 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title= New Chief Justice of Delhi High Court to Assume Charge on Wednesday | access-date=6 November 2012 }}
 
==External links==
Line 656 ⟶ 639:
{{Judiciary of india}}
 
[[Category:High Courtscourts of India| ]]
[[Category:India law-related lists|High Courts]]
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