Wikipedia

Rinchan: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Addition in titles with references
Tags: Reverted Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
5,440,128 edits
Altered title. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2024 | #UCB_Category 758/937
 
(34 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown)
Line 2:
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Sadr ud-DīnRinchan Shah
| title = SulṭānuSadr'lud-A'zamDin Shah▼
| succession = 1st Sultan of Kashmir▼
| succession1 = [[List of monarchs of Kashmir|Maharaja of Kashmir]]
▲| title = Sulṭānu'l-A'zam
| image =
| caption =
| reignreign1 = 1320–132313 CENovember 1320 – December 1320
| coronation =
| predecessor1 = [[Lohara dynasty#Second Lohara dynasty|Sūhadeva]]
| predecessor = Position Established
(Sūhadeva| assuccessor2 = *[[Lohara Dynasty|dynasty#Second Lohara dynasty|Udayānadeva]] Raja(as Maharaja of Kashmir)<br>
*[[Shah Mir|Shamsu'd-Din Shah]] (as Sultan of Kashmir)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=P. Govinda
| successor = Udayānadeva (as [[Lohara Dynasty|Lohara]] Raja of Kashmir)
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sep5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT150 |title=The Bhakti Movement: Renaissance or Revivalism? |date=2022-10-04 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-78039-0 |pages=150 |language=en}}</ref>
[[Shah Mir]]
| succession2 = [[Kashmir Sultanate|Sultan of Kashmir]]{{efn|Rinchan embraced [[Islam]] in December 1320}}
| reign2 = December 1320 – 25 November 1323
▲| successionsuccessor1 = ''himself'' = 1st(as Sultan of Kashmir)
| predecessor2 = ''himself'' (as Maharaja of Kashmir)
| spouse = [[Kota Rani]]
| issue = Haidar Khan
| full name = Lhachen rGyalbu Riñichana
| regnal name = Sadr-ud-Din Shah
| house = Bhōṭī Dynasty
| royal anthem =
| religion = [[BuddhismSunni Islam]] {{small|(beforeformerly 1320)<br>[[Sunni IslamBuddhism]])}}
| father = Lhachen dNgos-grub
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 25 November 1323
| death_place = [[Srinagar]], Kashmir Sultanate<br>{{small|(present-day [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India)}}
| signature =
}}
'''Rinchan Shah''' ([[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]: رنژھن شاہ, [[Persian language|Persian]]: رِنچَن شَاہ), born as '''Lhachen Rinchan Bhoti''' and also known by his titular name '''Sadr'ud-Din Shah''',<ref>{{citation |last=Sufi |first=G. M. D. |title=Kashīr, being a history of Kashmīr from the earliest times to our own |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc0BAAAAMAAJ |page=83 |year=1949 |publisher=Univ. of Panjab |quote=Suffice it to say that Rinchan embraced Islam at the hands of Bulbul Shah and assumed the name of Sultan Sadr-ud-Din, and claims our attention as the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir. Muslim historians write his name Rinchan.}}</ref> was the founder and the first [[Sultan]] of the [[Kashmir Sultanate|Sultanate of Kashmir]] from 1320 to 1323. Originally said to have been a [[Ladakhis|Ladakhi]] [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], he converted to Islam, becoming the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024/origins-of-islam-in-kashmir-valleys-saga-of-conflict-in-search-of-identity/cid/2019237|title=Origins of Islam in Kashmir: Valley's saga of conflict in search of identity}}</ref>
 
'''Sadr ud-Dīn Shah''' ([[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]: صدرالدین شاہ, [[Literal translation|lit.]] Forefront of the faith) also known as '''Riñchan Shah''' or '''Riñchan Bhōṭī''' was the first Sultan of [[Kashmir]] from 1320 to 1323.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohibbul. |first=Hasan, |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/844529832 |title=... Kashmir under the Sultans, by M. Hasan. |date= |publisher= |pages=36 |oclc=844529832}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Francke |first=August Hermann |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Antiquities_of_Indian_Tibet_Personal_nar.html?id=hVlBAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Antiquities of Indian Tibet: Personal narrative |date=1914 |publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India |pages=107 |language=en}}</ref> Originally said to have been a Ladakhi Buddhist, he convered to Islam, becoming the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Malik. |first=Chadurah, Haidar |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/825179763 |title=History of Kashmir |date=2013 |publisher=Jaykay Books |isbn=81-87221-84-4 |pages=102-103a |oclc=825179763}}</ref>
 
== Background ==
{{Primary sources section|date=October 2024}}
Around 1313, an invader named "DuDa'l-Qadrlacha"—mentioned by Jonarajathe to15th century Kashmiri chronicler [[Jonaraja]] beas the commander of a ''Karmasena''{{Clarify|date=October 2024}}—invaded Kashmir with heavy cavalry.<ref name=":93">{{Cite book|last=Slaje|first=Walter|url=https://www.academia.edu/42710523/Kingship_in_Ka%C5%9Bm%C4%ABr_AD_1148_1459_From_the_Pen_of_Jonar%C4%81ja_Court_Pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dit_to_Sul%E1%B9%AD%C4%81n_Zayn_al_%C4%80bid%C4%ABn_Critically_Edited_By_Walter_Slaje_With_an_Annotated_Translation_Indexes_and_Maps|title=Kingship in Kaśmīr (AD 1148‒1459) From the Pen of Jonarāja, Court Paṇḍit to Sulṭān Zayn al-‛Ābidīn'Ābidīn|publisher=|year=2014|isbn=3869770880978-3869770888|series=Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis - 7|location=Germany|pages=77–91, 263–266}}</ref> [[Baharistan-i-shahi]] (''BIS''; anon.), a 17th century [[chronicle]] of Kashmir written by an anonymous author, notes him to be a Turko-Mongol raider; the name is given as "Zulchu".<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Pandit|first=Kashinath|url=https://archive.org/details/AChronicleOfMedievalKashmirKashinathPandit|title=Baharistan-i-shahi: A chronicle of mediaeval Kashmir|publisher=Firma KLM Pvt. Ltd.|year=1991|location=Kolkata}}</ref>
 
Jonaraja notes that Suhadeva, the-then ruler of Kashmir to have had, received him with all honors; he sought to pay his way out of a conflict and levied new taxes on all subjects.<ref name=":93" /> This did not go down well with the Brahmins who threatened to fast until death, bringing Suhadeva's plans to an end and spurring the inevitable.<ref name=":93" />{{Efn|In Dharmashastra cannon, Brahmins are exempted from being levied with taxes.}} In contrast, ''BIS'' does not mention any negotiation — thenegotiation—the sole aim was said to be to massacre Kashmiris and gain wealth.<ref name=":15" />
 
== Biography ==
Line 62 ⟶ 67:
The winters of 1323 worsened Rinchan's headache; he never recovered and breathed his last on 25 November.<ref name=":93" /> His remains remain interred near Bud Masheed — the tomb was discovered by archaeologist [[August Hermann Francke (Tibetologist)|A. H. Francke]] in 1909 and reconstructed by Kashmiri Government in 1990.<ref name=":93" /> He had a son, Haidar Khan, by his queen [[Kota Rani|Kota]], whom he entrusted to the care of Shah Mir.<ref name=":93" />
 
Mir would later killimprison Haider along with [[Kota Rani]], establishing the [[Shah Mir dynasty]].<ref name=":93" />
 
== Notes ==
Line 71 ⟶ 76:
 
[[Category:1323 deaths]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam from Buddhism]]
[[Category:14th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Ladakhi people]]
[[Category:Medieval India]]
[[Category:People from Ladakh]]
[[Category:Sultans of Kashmir]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinchan"