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{{Infobox royalty
| name = Rinchan Shah
| title = Sadr'ud-Din Shah
| succession = 1st [[Sultan]] of the [[Kashmir]] of Zulchu Dynasty
| title succession1 = [[Sultan|SultanList of]] [[Kashmir]]<br/>First Muslim Kingmonarchs of Kashmir|Maharaja of Zulchu DynastyKashmir]]
| image =
| caption =
| reignreign1 = 1320–132313 CENovember 1320 – December 1320
| coronation =
| predecessor1 = [[Lohara dynasty#Second Lohara dynasty|Sūhadeva]]
| predecessor = Shahdeva (1301–1302)
| successor2 = *[[Lohara dynasty#Second Lohara dynasty|Udayānadeva]] (as Maharaja of Kashmir)<br>
| successor = [[Kota Rani]]<br/>[[Shah Mir]] 1339–1342
*[[Shah Mir|Shamsu'd-Din Shah]] (as Sultan of Kashmir)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=P. Govinda
| spouse = [[Kota Rani]] ▼
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sep5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT150 |title=The Bhakti Movement: Renaissance or Revivalism? |date=2022-10-04 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-78039-0 |pages=150 |language=en}}</ref>
| issue = Haidar Khan ▼
| succession2 = [[Kashmir Sultanate|Sultan of Kashmir]]{{efn|Rinchan embraced [[Islam]] in December 1320}}
| full name = Sultan Sadruddin Shah▼
| reign2 = December 1320 – 25 November 1323
| house = Zulchu Dynasty▼
| successor1 = ''himself'' (as Sultan of Kashmir)
| predecessor2 = ''himself'' (as Maharaja of Kashmir)
▲| spouse = [[Kota Rani]]
▲| issue = Haidar Khan
▲| full name = Sultan Sadruddin Shah
| regnal name = Sadr-ud-Din Shah
▲| house = Zulchu Dynasty
| royal anthem =
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]] {{small|(formerly [[Buddhism]])}}
| father = Lha-chen dnos-grub
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 25 November 1323
| death_place = [[Srinagar]], Kashmir Sultanate<br>{{small|(present-day [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India)}}
| death_place =
| signature =
}}
'''Rinchan Shah''' ([[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]: رنژھن شاہ, [[Persian language|Persian]]: رِنچَن شَاہ), born as '''Lhachen Rinchan Bhoti''' and also known by his titular name '''Sadr'ud-Din Shah''',<ref>{{citation |last=Sufi |first=G. M. D. |title=Kashīr, being a history of Kashmīr from the earliest times to our own |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc0BAAAAMAAJ |page=83 |year=1949 |publisher=Univ. of Panjab |quote=Suffice it to say that Rinchan embraced Islam at the hands of Bulbul Shah and assumed the name of Sultan Sadr-ud-Din, and claims our attention as the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir. Muslim historians write his name Rinchan.}}</ref> was the founder and the first [[Sultan]] of the [[Kashmir Sultanate|Sultanate of Kashmir]] from 1320 to 1323. Originally said to have been a [[Ladakhis|Ladakhi]] [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], he converted to Islam, becoming the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024/origins-of-islam-in-kashmir-valleys-saga-of-conflict-in-search-of-identity/cid/2019237|title=Origins of Islam in Kashmir: Valley's saga of conflict in search of identity}}</ref>
'''Sadruddin Shah''', also known as '''Rinchan''', was the first Muslim ruler of [[Kashmir]]. He ruled Kashmir from 1320 to 1323.
 
== Background ==
{{Primary sources section|date=October 2024}}
Around 1313, aan invader named "DuDa'l-Qadrlacha"—mentioned by Jonarajathe to15th becentury Kashmiri chronicler [[Jonaraja]] as the commander of a ''Karmasena''{{Clarify|date=October 2024}}—invaded Kashmir with heavy cavalry.<ref name=":93">{{Cite book|last=Slaje|first=Walter|url=https://www.academia.edu/42710523/Kingship_in_Ka%C5%9Bm%C4%ABr_AD_1148_1459_From_the_Pen_of_Jonar%C4%81ja_Court_Pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dit_to_Sul%E1%B9%AD%C4%81n_Zayn_al_%C4%80bid%C4%ABn_Critically_Edited_By_Walter_Slaje_With_an_Annotated_Translation_Indexes_and_Maps|title=Kingship in Kaśmīr (AD 1148‒1459) From the Pen of Jonarāja, Court Paṇḍit to Sulṭān Zayn al-‛Ābidīn'Ābidīn|publisher=|year=2014|isbn=3869770880978-3869770888|series=Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis - 7|location=Germany|pages=77–91, 263–266}}</ref> [[Baharistan-i-shahi]] (''BIS''; anon.), a 17th century [[chronicle]] of Kashmir written by an anonymous author, notes him to be a Turko-Mongol raider; the name is given as "Zulchu".<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Pandit|first=Kashinath|url=https://archive.org/details/AChronicleOfMedievalKashmirKashinathPandit|title=Baharistan-i-shahi: A chronicle of mediaeval Kashmir|publisher=Firma KLM Pvt. Ltd.|year=1991|location=Kolkata}}</ref>
 
Jonaraja notes that Suhadeva, the-then ruler of Kashmir to have had, received him with all honors; he sought to pay his way out of a conflict and levied new taxes on all subjects.<ref name=":93" /> This did not go down well with the Brahmins who threatened to fast until death, bringing Suhadeva's plans to an end and spurring the inevitable.<ref name=":93" />{{Efn|In Dharmashastra cannon, Brahmins are exempted from being levied with taxes.}}this leadIn tocontrast, Rinchin''BIS'' beingdoes crownednot bymention theany brahminsnegotiation—the whosole lateraim convertedwas said to islambe afterto meetingmassacre muslim travellersKashmiris and mystics.His conversion lead to tens of thousends following suit including thousends of Brahminsgain wealth.islam<ref camename=":15" to Kashmir through travellers/>
 
== Biography ==
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The winters of 1323 worsened Rinchan's headache; he never recovered and breathed his last on 25 November.<ref name=":93" /> His remains remain interred near Bud Masheed — the tomb was discovered by archaeologist [[August Hermann Francke (Tibetologist)|A. H. Francke]] in 1909 and reconstructed by Kashmiri Government in 1990.<ref name=":93" /> He had a son, Haidar Khan, by his queen [[Kota Rani|Kota]], whom he entrusted to the care of Shah Mir.<ref name=":93" />
 
Mir would later killimprison Haider along with [[Kota Rani]], establishing the [[Shah Mir dynasty]].<ref name=":93" />
 
== Notes ==
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[[Category:1323 deaths]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam from Buddhism]]
[[Category:14th-century Indian monarchs]]▼
[[Category:MedievalLadakhi Indiapeople]]▼
[[Category:People from Ladakh]]
▲[[Category:Medieval India]]
[[Category:Sultans of Kashmir]]
▲[[Category:14th-century Indian monarchs]]
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