Content deleted Content added
Holidayruin (talk | contribs) some very outdated info Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
Atibrarian (talk | contribs) Adding short description: "Office of Vice President of Peru" |
||
| (45 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Office of Vice President of Peru}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox Political post
| post = First Vice President and
| body = <br/>the Republic of Peru
| native_name = {{lang|es|Primer Vicepresidente Constitucional de la República
| insignia = [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg|Gran Sello de la República del Perú|100x100px]]
| insigniacaption = Great Seal of the State
| flagsize = 130px
| flagcaption = Flag of Peru
| termlength = Five years, renewable indefinitely
| appointer = Only [[Direct election|
| image =
| imagesize =
| incumbent = First Vice President:<br>''Vacant'' (
| incumbentsince = [[2022 Peruvian self-coup
| residence = [[Government Palace,
| formation = 1823 (Vice President) <br> 1862 (First Vice President and Second Vice President)
| inaugural = [[Diego de Aliaga]] (1823) <br> [[Juan Antonio Pezet]] and [[Pedro Diez Canseco]] (1862)
| succession = [[President of Peru#Line of succession|First and Second]]
}}
{{Politics of Peru}}
The [[Peru|Republic of Peru]] has two '''vice presidents''', the '''First Vice President''' and the '''Second Vice President''', who are elected along with the President in [[democracy|democratic]] [[elections]].<ref>Artículo 111°, [http://www2.congreso.gob.pe/congreso/Constitución-Pol%C3%ADtica-08-09-09.doc ''Constitución Política Del Perú.''] ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019
The First and Second Vice Presidents are first and second in the [[
In modern Peruvian history, two Vice Presidents have acceded to the presidency after the President could no longer serve, [[Martín Vizcarra]] and [[Dina Boluarte]]. The 32nd First Vice President Martín Vizcarra assumed the office of the presidency in 2018 after the graft scandal that led to the resignation of President [[Pedro Pablo Kuczynski]].<ref name="vizcarra"/> The 33rd First Vice President Dina Boluarte assumed the office of the presidency in 2022 after President [[Pedro Castillo]] [[2022 Peruvian self-coup attempt|attempted to dissolve Congress]] and was impeached and removed from the presidency.
Historically, the position was one of a sole Vice President, which was in place in the years 1829–1831 and 1858–1862. The dual positions of First and Second Vice Presidents have been in place since 1862.
The office of the First Vice President is currently vacant, the most recent First Vice President having been [[Dina Boluarte]]. The office of the Second Vice President is also currently vacant, the most recent Second Vice President having been [[Mercedes Aráoz]].
== History ==
=== Vice President ===
The position of Vice President of Peru appeared for the first time in the Constitution of 1823:<ref name="institution">{{cite web |url=http://repositorio.unprg.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/UNPRG/3549/BC-TES-TMP-2356.pdf |title=LA INSTITUCIÓN DE LA VICEPRESIDENCIA DE LA REPÚBLICA EN LA CONSTITUCIÓN PERUANA |author=Abog. Freddy Ronald Centurión González |access-date=19 October 2019 |archive-date=19 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019194834/http://repositorio.unprg.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/UNPRG/3549/BC-TES-TMP-2356.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><blockquote>"ARTICLE 76: There will be a [[Vice president|Vice President]] in whom the same qualities concur. He/she will administer and withhold [[Executive power|Executive Power]] in event of the [[death]], [[resignation]], or [[impeachment]] of the [[President of Peru|President]], or when the president is unable to control the armed forces." ''Constitution of 1823''</blockquote>
The Constitution of 1828 and the [[Peru constitution|Life Constitution of 1826]] also proposed only one [[vice president]], who had to be appointed by the [[President (government title)|president]]. In the Constitution of 1834, the office was disbanded until the Magna Carta of 1856, which reinstated the sole vice-presidency.
=== First Vice President and Second Vice President ===
The Constitution of 1860 established two vice-presidents, elected jointly with the [[President (government title)|President]].<blockquote>Article 89: "There will be two Vice Presidents of the Republic, named first and second, who will be elected at the same time, with the same qualities and for the same period as the President. ''Constitution of 1860''</blockquote>In the Constitution of 1867, the power of vice-presidents was eminently curtailed. However, this constitution held in place for a short period until a successful revolution of that same year restored the Constitution of 1860.
Similarly, the Constitution of 1920 abolished the positions of vice-presidents. The Constitution of 1933 failed to change this, but the office was eventually restored by the second presidency of [[Óscar R. Benavides]], by law on
The 1993 Constitution and the current constitution in force — put forth by President [[Alberto Fujimori]] — recognizes the double vice-presidency in the Executive Branch.
In recent history, there have been two instances where the First Vice President has acceded to the presidency after the President could no longer serve. The 32nd First Vice President [[Martín Vizcarra]] assumed the office of the presidency in 2018 after the graft scandal that led to the resignation of President [[Pedro Pablo Kuczynski]]. The 33rd First Vice President [[Dina Boluarte]] assumed the office of the presidency in 2022 after President [[Pedro Castillo]] [[2022 Peruvian self-coup attempt|attempted to dissolve Congress]] and was impeached and removed from the presidency. No Second Vice President has recently acceded to the presidency.
== Current officeholders ==
The office of the First Vice President is currently vacant. The most recent First Vice President is [[Dina Boluarte]], who held the office until 7 December 2022 after President [[Pedro Castillo]]'s [[2022 Peruvian self-coup d'état attempt|self-coup d'état attempt and removal from the presidency]]. The office of the Second Vice President is also currently vacant because Castillo's second running mate, [[Vladimir Cerrón]], was disqualified by the [[National Jury of Elections]] to run as Second Vice President in the [[2021 Peruvian general election|2021 election]] due to Cerrón having served a prison sentence for corruption since 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pedro Castillo: Habrá minería "donde la naturaleza y la población la permitan"|url=https://energiminas.com/pedro-castillo-habra-mineria-donde-la-naturaleza-y-la-poblacion-la-permitan/|access-date=13 April 2021|website=Energiminas|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=JNE declara improcedente candidatura Vladimir Cerrón|agency=Radio Cumbre|url=https://radiocumbre.pe/nacional/jne-declara-improcedente-candidatura-vladimir-cerron/|accessdate=30 June 2021|language=es|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419112226/https://radiocumbre.pe/nacional/jne-declara-improcedente-candidatura-vladimir-cerron/|url-status=live}}</ref>
The most recent Second Vice President is [[Mercedes Aráoz]], who held the office until her resignation was accepted by Congress on 7 May 2020.<ref name="araoz">[https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49890459 "Disolución del Congreso en Perú: quién es Mercedes Aráoz, que renunció tras ser nombrada 'presidenta en funciones' por el Parlamento peruano para sustituir a Vizcarra"], ''[[BBC Mundo]]'', 2 October 2019. ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019.)''</ref> Earlier, on 30 September 2019, the [[Congress of the Republic of Peru|Peruvian Congress]] had been in the midst of the [[2019 Peruvian constitutional crisis]] and named Aráoz as Acting President after having declared President Martín Vizcarra unfit for office.<ref name="araoz"/><ref name="vizcarra"/><ref name="disolución"/> Given that Congress had itself been dissolved earlier that day by President Vizcarra and that Aráoz supported the Vizcarra's call for new congressional elections, she irrevocably resigned as Second Vice President on 1 October 2019, to leave Vizcarra as the sole claimant to the presidency. Aráoz's resignation was not accepted until 7 May 2020, by a newly elected Congress.<ref name="araoz"/><ref name="vizcarra">[https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49887706 Disolución del Congreso en Perú: 4 claves para entender el enfrentamiento entre Vizcarra y el Parlamento (y lo que puede pasar ahora)"], ''[[BBC Mundo]]'', 2 October 2019. ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019.)''</ref><ref name="disolución">[https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49902081 Disolución del Congreso de Perú: las dudas sobre la legalidad de la decisión de Vizcarra de disolver la cámara y sobre la suspensión temporal del presidente"], ''[[BBC Mundo]]'', 2 October 2019. ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019.)''</ref><ref name="araoz2">[https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49902304 Disolución del Congreso en Perú: renuncia Mercedes Aráoz, nombrada "presidenta en funciones" por el Parlamento en sustitución de Vizcarra"], ''[[BBC Mundo]]'', 2 October 2019. ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019.)''</ref><ref name="araoz3">{{cite tweet |last=Aráoz |first=Mercedes |author-link=Mercedes Aráoz |user=MecheAF |number=1179221001936211968 |date=2 October 2019 |title=He decidido renunciar irrevocablemente al cargo de Vicepresidenta Constitucional de la República. Las razones las explico en la carta adjunta. Espero que mi renuncia conduzca a la convocatoria de elecciones generales en el más breve plazo por el bien del país. https://t.co/c4tz4tnzMw |trans-title=I have decided to irrevocably resign from the post of Constitutional Vice President of the Republic. I explain the reasons in the attached letter. I hope that my resignation leads to the calling of general elections in the shortest possible time for the good of the country. |language=es |access-date=14 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606222249/https://twitter.com/MecheAF/status/1179221001936211968 |archive-date=6 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gestion.pe/peru/politica/congreso-acepta-renuncia-de-mercedes-araoz-a-la-segunda-vicepresidencia-de-la-republica-noticia/|title=Congreso acepta renuncia de Mercedes Aráoz a la segunda vicepresidencia de la República NNDC | PERU|date=7 May 2020}}</ref>
==List of vice presidents of Peru==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Portrait
! Pos.
! Vice President !! Political party !! Inaugurated !! Left office !! President !! style=width:20em | Notes
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| - || [[Diego de Aliaga]] || || November 1823 || February 1824 || [[José Bernardo de Tagle]] ||<ref name="institution" />
Line 78 ⟶ 85:
|[[File:Manuel Costas Arce.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[Manuel Costas Arce]] || rowspan="2" | [[Civilista Party]] || rowspan="2" | 2 August 1872 || rowspan="2" | 2 August 1876 || rowspan=2| [[Manuel Pardo y Lavalle]] ||<ref name="institution" />
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || [[Francisco Garmendia Puértolas]] ||<ref name="institution" />
Line 84 ⟶ 91:
|[[File:Luis La Puerta-modified.png|85px]]
| First || [[Luis La Puerta]] || || rowspan="2" | 2 August 1876 || rowspan="2" | 18 December 1879 || rowspan=2| [[Mariano Ignacio Prado]] || <ref name="institution" />
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || [[José Francisco Canevaro]]|| ||<ref name="institution" />
Line 114 ⟶ 121:
|[[File:Guillermo Billinghurst 3.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[Guillermo Billinghurst]] || rowspan="2" | [[Democratic Party (Peru)|Democratic Party]] || rowspan="2" | 8 September 1895 || rowspan="2" | 8 September 1899 || rowspan=2| [[Nicolás de Piérola]] ||<ref name="institution" />
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || [[Augusto Seminario Váscones]]||<ref name="institution" />
Line 120 ⟶ 127:
|[[File:IsaacAlzamora.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[Isaac Alzamora]] || rowspan="2" | Alianza Civil-Demócrata || rowspan="2" | 8 September 1899 || rowspan="2" | 8 September 1903 || rowspan=2| [[Eduardo López de Romaña]] ||<ref name="institution" />
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || [[Federico Bresani]]||<ref name="institution" />
Line 156 ⟶ 163:
|[[File:Cesar Canevaro.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[César Canevaro]] || || rowspan="2" | 12 October 1919 || 31 October 1922 || rowspan=2| [[Augusto Leguía]] ||<ref name="institution" />
|- style="height:7em;"
|[[File:Agustín de la Torre González.jpg|85px]]
| Second || [[Agustín de la Torre González]]|| || 12 October 1924 ||<ref name="institution" />
|-
Line 174 ⟶ 181:
|[[File:José Gálvez 2.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[José Gálvez Barrenechea]] || rowspan="2" | [[National Democratic Front (Peru)|National Democratic Front]] || rowspan="2" | 28 July 1945 || rowspan="2" | 29 October 1948 || rowspan=2| [[José Bustamante y Rivero]] ||<ref name="institution" />
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || [[Eduardo Ganoza y Ganoza]]||<ref name="institution" />
Line 183 ⟶ 190:
|[[File:Héctor Boza.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[Héctor Boza]] || rowspan="2" | [[Odriíst National Union]] || rowspan="2" | 28 July 1950 || rowspan="2" | 28 July 1956 ||<ref name="institution" />
|- style="height:7em;"
|[[File:Federico roberto bolognesi y bolognesi.jpg|85px]]
| Second || [[Federico Bolognesi]]||<ref name="institution" />
|-
|[[File:Luis Gallo Porras.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[Luis Gallo Porras]] || rowspan="2" | [[Peruvian Democratic Movement]] || rowspan="2" | 28 July 1956 || rowspan="2" | 18 July 1962 || rowspan=2| [[Manuel Prado Ugarteche]] ||<ref name="institution" />
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || [[Carlos Moreyra y Paz Soldán]] ||<ref name="institution" />
Line 195 ⟶ 202:
|[[File:N. Lindley Lopez.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[Nicolás Lindley López]] || rowspan="2" | [[Peruvian Army]] || rowspan="2" | 18 July 1962 || rowspan="2" | 3 March 1963 || rowspan=2| [[Ricardo Pérez Godoy]] ||De facto
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || [[Pedro Vargas Prada]]||De facto
Line 201 ⟶ 208:
|[[File:Vp-peru-0035a.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[Edgardo Seoane|Edgardo Seoane Corrales]] || [[Popular Action (Peru)|Popular Action]] || rowspan="2" | 28 July 1963 || rowspan="2" | 3 October 1968 || rowspan=2| [[Fernando Belaúnde Terry]] ||<ref name="institution" />
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || [[Mario Polar Ugarteche]] || [[Christian Democracy]] ||<ref name="institution" />
Line 207 ⟶ 214:
|[[File:Edgardo Mercado Jarrín.jpg|85px]]
| - || [[Luis Edgardo Mercado Jarrín]] || rowspan="2" | [[Peruvian Army]] || 3 October 1968 || 30 August 1975 || [[Juan Velasco Alvarado]] ||De facto
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| - || [[Pedro Richter Prada]] || 30 August 1975 || 28 July 1980 || [[Francisco Morales Bermúdez]] ||De facto
|- style="height:7em;"
|[[File:Fernando Schwalb.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[Fernando Schwalb]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Popular Action (Peru)|Popular Action]]|| rowspan="2" | 28 July 1980 || rowspan="2" | 28 July 1985 || rowspan=2| [[Fernando Belaúnde Terry]] || <ref name="elregionalpiura">{{cite web|url=https://www.elregionalpiura.com.pe/index.php/especiales/164-informes/11143-presidentes-y-vicepresidentes-desde-1980-en-peru-crisis-y-realidades|title=Presidentes y vicepresidentes desde 1980 en Perú, crisis y realidades|date=26 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="institution" />
Line 218 ⟶ 225:
| Second || [[Javier Alva Orlandini]] || <ref name="elregionalpiura"/><ref name="institution" />
|-
|
| First || [[Luis Alberto Sánchez]] || rowspan="2" | [[Peruvian Aprista Party]] || rowspan="2" | 28 July 1985 || rowspan="2" | 28 July 1990 || rowspan=2| [[Alan García Pérez]] || <ref name="elregionalpiura"/><ref name="institution" />
|-
Line 226 ⟶ 233:
|[[File:Máximo San Román.png|85px]]
| First || [[Máximo San Román]] || rowspan="2" | [[Change 90]] || rowspan="2" | 28 July 1990 || rowspan="2" | 5 April 1992 || rowspan=6| [[Alberto Fujimori]] || <ref name="elregionalpiura"/><ref name="institution" />
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || [[Carlos García y García]] || <ref name="elregionalpiura"/><ref name="institution" />
Line 232 ⟶ 239:
|[[File:MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA Y SOCIEDAD NACIONAL DE INDUSTRIAS FIRMARON CONVENIO A FAVOR DE POBLACIONES VULNERABLES.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[Ricardo Márquez Flores]] || rowspan="2" | [[Change 90]]-[[Cambio 90|New Majority]] || rowspan="2" | 28 July 1995 || rowspan="2" | 28 July 2000 || <ref name="elregionalpiura"/>
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || [[César Paredes Canto]] || <ref name="elregionalpiura"/>
|- style="height:7em;"
|[[File:Francisco Tudela 2015.jpg|85px]]
| First || [[Francisco Tudela]] || rowspan="2" | [[Peru 2000]]|| rowspan="2" | 28 July 2000 || rowspan="2" | 22 November 2000 || rowspan="2" | Resigned.<ref name="elregionalpiura"/>
|-
Line 266 ⟶ 273:
|-
|[[File:Martín Vizcarra em fevereiro de 2018.png|frameless|85px]]
| First || [[Martín Vizcarra]] || [[Peruvians for Change]] || rowspan="2" | 28 July 2016 || 23 March 2018 || rowspan=2| [[Pedro Pablo Kuczynski]] || Succeeded Kuczynski as President
|-
|[[File:Mercedes Araoz.jpg|frameless|85px]]
| Second || [[Mercedes Aráoz]] ||
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| First || ''Vacant'' || || 23 March 2018 || 10 November 2020 || rowspan=2 | [[Martín Vizcarra]] || Vacant upon Martín Vizcarra's accession to the presidency
|-
|[[File:Mercedes Araoz.jpg|frameless|85px]]
| Second || [[Mercedes Aráoz]] || [[Independent politician]] || - || 7 May 2020 || Submitted her resignation on 1 October 2019 amidst the [[2019–2020 Peruvian constitutional crisis]], but her resignation was not officially accepted by Congress until 7 May 2020
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| First || ''Vacant'' || || rowspan="2" | 10 November 2020 || rowspan="2" | 15 November 2020 || rowspan=2 | [[Manuel Merino]] ||
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || ''Vacant'' || ||
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| First || ''Vacant'' || || rowspan="2" | 17 November 2020 || rowspan="2" | 28 July 2021 || rowspan=2 | [[Francisco Sagasti]] ||
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || ''Vacant'' || ||
|-
|[[File:Dina Boluarte October 2022 (cropped).jpg|frameless|85px]]
|First || [[Dina Boluarte]] || [[Free Peru]] (until 2022)<br>Independent (since 2022) || rowspan=2 | 28 July 2021 || rowspan=2 | [[2022 Peruvian self-coup d'état attempt|7 December 2022]] || rowspan="2" | [[Pedro Castillo]] || Succeeded Castillo as President
|-
|
| Second || ''Vacant'' || || President Pedro Castillo's winning ticket in the [[2021 Peruvian general election|2021 election]] originally had [[Vladimir Cerrón]] as nominee for Second Vice President before Cerrón's removal from the ticket due to his conviction on corruption charges<ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Boyle |first1=Brendan |title=The "Shadowy Figure" Behind Peru's Likely Next President |url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/the-shadowy-figure-behind-perus-likely-next-president/ |access-date=8 December 2022 |work=Americas Quarterly |date=21 June 2021}}</ref>
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| First || ''Vacant'' || || rowspan="2" | 7 December 2022 || rowspan="2" | || rowspan=2 | [[Dina Boluarte]] || Vacant since Dina Boluarte's accession to the presidency
|- style="height:7em;"
|
| Second || ''Vacant'' || ||
|}
==See also==
*[[List of current
==Notes==
:Note 1.{{Note|powers}}While the Constitution itself does not give the Vice Presidents any role beyond deputizing the President, according to the Organic Law of the Executive Branch, however, the Vice Presidents can participate in the sessions and debates of the Council of Ministers "with voice but without vote", can fulfill additional functions that the President entrusts and assigns to them, and are also part of the Presidential Office's support staff.
==References==
| |||