Content deleted Content added
Content is not in the introduction but a relevant section |
|||
| (15 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem}}
{{Hatnote|Ramot redirect here. For the moshav in the Golan Heights, see [[Ramot, Golan Heights]].}}
{{pp-
[[File:JerView.jpg|right|thumb|View of the oldest part of Ramot from the Begin road highway. The highway is also visible.]]
'''Ramot''' ({{
==History==
[[File:Ramot 086.jpg|right|thumb|View of Ramot from the [[Tomb of Samuel]]. Part of the ruins are visible in the bottom left.]]
Ramot is named after the biblical city of Rama(h), where the Prophet [[Samuel]] lived and was brought for burial: ''Now Samuel had died, and all Israel lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, and (each one lamented him) in his own city. '' ({{
Between the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]] and the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, most of the area that is today Ramot was under [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|Jordanian control]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.co.il/maps/@31.8103814,35.1983511,15.75z|title = Google Maps}}</ref> Ramot was established in 1974.<ref name="haaretz.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/is-jerusalem-really-becoming-ultra-orthodox-the-figures-may-surprise-you-1.253408|title=Is Jerusalem Really Becoming ultra-Orthodox? The Figures May Surprise You|work=Haaretz.com}}</ref> After the death of [[Yigal Allon]], Israeli military and political figure,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teu.co.il/the-evolution-of-ramot/|title=The English Update » The Evolution of Ramot|work=teu.co.il|access-date=2014-03-07|archive-date=2013-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224947/http://www.teu.co.il/the-evolution-of-ramot/|url-status=dead}}</ref> the neighborhood was officially renamed Ramot Alon,<ref name=muni>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2282&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197|title=Ramot Alon neighborhood}}</ref> "Alon Heights".
==Geography==
Ramot is north and west of the center of Jerusalem.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps?client=opera&rls=en&q=ramot+b&oe=utf-8&channel=suggest&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wl|title=Google Maps|website=Google Maps}}</ref> The neighborhood is built upon two elongated ridges about 100–200 meters above the surrounding landscape (heights of 693–850 meters above sea level). Between the ridges is the [[Route 436 (Israel–Palestine)|Golda Meir highway]], leading to [[Tel Aviv]]. Travel time to the center of Jerusalem is about 15 minutes, and to [[Har Hotzvim]] industrial park about 7 minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbn.org.il/communities/template/community/75 |title=Nefesh B'Nefesh - Aliyah Live the Dream |publisher=Nbn.org.il |date=2006-03-27 |access-date=2011-03-28}}</ref> The Jerusalem [[light rail]] system will be expanded to include Ramot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jet.gov.il/Web/En/Info/LightRail/FutureLines/Default.aspx|title=Light Rail - Future Lines|work=jet.gov.il|access-date=2014-03-06|archive-date=2014-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306190509/http://jet.gov.il/Web/En/Info/LightRail/FutureLines/Default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Demography==
In 2020, Ramot had a population of 50,400.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jerusalem Institute - 2022 |url=https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2022-%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9A-%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C-1.pdf}}</ref> Ramot Alon exemplifies the demographic change in Jerusalem. When it was established in 1974, the population was 70% secular. Since 2000, Ramot Alef, Gimel and Daled have become partially [[Haredi]] (also spelled Chareidi), and the percentage of [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jews]] in all of Ramot Alon has risen to 75%.<ref name="haaretz.com"/>
One side of Ramot Gimel is mostly Haredi, and the other side is more [[Modern Orthodox]]. Ramot Vav also contains a Haredi population. In all of Ramot there is a mix of other types of residents including [[Dati Leumi]], Modern Orthodox, and [[Chardal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbn.org.il/aliyahpedia/community-a-housing/community-guide-beta-listings/1808-ramot.html|title=Ramot|work=Nefesh B'Nefesh}}</ref> There are a few [[Chabad]] synagogues as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chabad.org/centers/default_cdo/aid/118090/jewish/Chabad-of-Ramot-Jerusalem.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627220514/http://www.chabad.org/centers/default_cdo/aid/118090/jewish/Chabad-of-Ramot-Jerusalem.htm |archive-date=2008-06-27 |title=Chabad of Ramot - Jerusalem - Jerusalem, Israel}}</ref>
Line 29:
Ramot is administered by Israel as part of the Jerusalem municipality. However, since part of the neighborhood has been built across the Green Line in East Jerusalem,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11550263|title=Israel plan for 238 settler homes draws Palestinian ire|publisher=BBC News|date=15 October 2010}}<br />{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11721475 |publisher=BBC News|title=Obama raps Israeli plans for 1,300 Jewish settler homes|date=9 November 2010}}<br />{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/09/world/middleeast/09mideast.html|work=The New York Times|title=Israel Plans 1,000 Housing Units in East Jerusalem|date=8 November 2010|last=Kershner|first=Isabel}}</ref> the international community considers Ramot to be an Israeli settlement. Israel unilaterally annexed East Jerusalem and maintains that developments in East Jerusalem are not settlements, but the move was condemned by the UN Security Council as "null and void" and was not recognized by the international community. The international community considers Israeli settlements to be illegal under international law, violating the [[Fourth Geneva Convention]]'s prohibition on the transfer of a civilian population into territory held under [[military occupation]], but Israel considers East Jerusalem its sovereign territory.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/11/israel-homes-east-jerusalem-talks|work=The Guardian|title=Israel plans more East Jerusalem homes as talks collapse|last=McCarthy|first=Rory|date=11 March 2010}}</ref> The [[United States government|U.S. government]], as the rest of the international community, refers to Israeli neighborhoods in East Jerusalem as "settlements" and Israeli Jews living in East Jerusalem, including in Ramot, as "settlers".<ref>{{Citation |title=West Bank |date=2022-12-21 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/west-bank/ |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2023-01-02}}</ref>
The [[United States Department of State]], [[European Union]] and the Palestinians described the plans to build 800 new homes in West Bank settlements and 600 in East Jerusalem, including 294 in Ramot, as harmful to the peace process.<ref name="jp20140111">{{cite web |title=US, EU, Palestinians: Tenders for homes harmful to peace|url=http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/US-Palestinians-Tenders-for-1400-over-pre-1967s-lines-harmful-to-peace-337852|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=11 January 2014}}</ref> Spokesperson for the U.S. State Department, [[Jen Psaki]], said "We consider now and have always considered the settlements to be illegitimate".<ref name="jp20140111" /> [[Catherine Ashton]], the EU foreign policy chief, said "the settlements are illegal under international law, constitute an obstacle to peace and threaten to make the two-state solution impossible".<ref name="jp20140111" /> [[Saeb Erekat]], chief negotiator for the PLO, said the announcement "shows
In the context of the [[Israeli–Palestinian peace process]], the [[The Clinton Parameters|Clinton Parameters]]<ref name="peacelobby">{{cite web|url=http://www.peacelobby.org/clinton_parameters.htm|title=The Clinton Parameters|publisher=peacelobby.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117011736/http://www.peacelobby.org/clinton_parameters.htm|archive-date=2015-01-17}}</ref> and [[Geneva Accord (2003)|Geneva accords]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.geneva-accord.org/images/PDF/Jerusalem.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-05-08 |archive-date=2011-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207151854/http://www.geneva-accord.org/images/PDF/Jerusalem.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> proposed keeping Ramot (and other Jewish neighborhoods in Jerusalem beyond the green line) under Israeli sovereignty, possibly in exchange for other land.
Line 36:
[[File:Ramot polin.jpg|thumb|The once modernist 'Ramot Polin Apartments', designed by [[Zvi Hecker]], which has generated much controversy among Israeli architects.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/back-to-the-future-a-giant-beehive-abuzz-with-controversy-1.404276 Back to the Future / A giant beehive abuzz with controversy] Haaretz, By Noam Dvir, 29.12.11</ref>]]
Buildings clustered around courtyards was a predominant architectural style in Ramot in the 1980s. Large, well-kept private homes were constructed in the 1970s and 1980s under the Build Your Own Home project, reflecting the rising standards of living in Israel and a change in consumer habits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFA+Publications/Photo+exhibits/Fifty+Years+of+Israeli+Architecture+as+Reflected+i.htm|title=Fifty Years of Israeli Architecture as Reflected in Jerusalem's Buildings|work=GxMSDev}}</ref> Ramot Polin Apartments, designed by [[Zvi Hecker]], have been named as one of the "World's Strangest Buildings" and has been described as a "housing project for honeybees".<ref>Karrie Jacobs. [http://travel.yahoo.com/p-interests-34210752 World's Strangest Buildings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218232538/http://travel.yahoo.com/p-interests-34210752 |date=2011-02-18 }}, ''[[Yahoo! Travel]]''</ref> The entire neighborhood is organized upon a hill in central Ramot in a shape resembling a five-[[finger]]ed [[hand]] or three-[[branch]]ed [[leaf]].
==Education==
Line 49:
==Parks and nature trails==
*Ramot Forest is located in Ramot. At the edge of the forest is the Gan Kipod children's park featuring a porcupine-shaped slide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.travelisraelonline.com/jerusalem-area/parks-and-nature-walks-jerusalem/gan-kipod-in-ramot-%E2%80%93-ramot-forest-in-jerusalem/Gan|title=Kipod in Ramot}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teu.co.il/gan-hakipod-and-ramot/|title=The English Update » Gan HaKipod and Ramot|work=teu.co.il|access-date=2014-03-07|archive-date=2014-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307115056/http://www.teu.co.il/gan-hakipod-and-ramot/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Ramot Forest Gazelle Trail, a natural Gazelle habitat is located there as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.funinjerusalem.com/en/nature/140-ramot-forest-gazelle-trail.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702054635/http://www.funinjerusalem.com/en/nature/140-ramot-forest-gazelle-trail.html |archive-date=2010-07-02 |title=Ramot Forest Gazelle Trail}}</ref>
*Ramot has a community swimming pool, called Ramot Community Pool.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.funinjerusalem.com/en/directory/jerusalem-swimming-pools.html?sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=49&sobi2Id=61 |title = Pool Archives - Fun In Jerusalem}}</ref>
*Arazim Valley Park, a section of [[Jerusalem Metropolitan Park]], has an entrance in Ramot.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kkl.org.il/eng/tourism-and-recreation/forests-and-parks/jeruslem-park.aspx |title=Jerusalem Park - Forests, Parks and Sites - KKL JNF – Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael – Jewish National Fund |website=www.kkl.org.il |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807183641/http://www.kkl.org.il/eng/tourism-and-recreation/forests-and-parks/jeruslem-park.aspx |archive-date=2012-08-07}}
==Landmarks==
[[File:Route436IsraelMay022023.jpg|thumb|[[Ramot Mall]] and [[Route 436 (Israel–Palestine)|Route 436]]]]
In November 2009, 30-foot high bronze sculpture depicting a waving American flag turning into a flame was unveiled in Ramot, part of a five-acre memorial plaza for the [[September 11 terrorist attacks]]. The sculpture, located in Arazim Valley, was the first memorial outside New York to list the names of the 2,974 people killed in the attack. Part of the gray granite base, taken from the original Twin Towers, was donated by the New York municipality. Israeli sculptor Eliezer Weishoff said the memorial had to be moved 200 yards from the planned site to accommodate gazelle migration pathways. U.S. Ambassador [[James B. Cunningham]] and a number of congressmen attended the event.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/jerusalem-to-dedicate-first-9-11-memorial-with-names-outside-u-s-1.4646|title=Jerusalem to Dedicate First 9/11 Memorial With Names Outside U.S.|work=Haaretz.com}}</ref>
Line 95 ⟶ 96:
[[Category:Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Ramot, Jerusalem| ]]
| |||