Zarya (space capsule): Difference between revisions

{{for|the ISS module|Zarya (ISS module)}}

The '''Zarya spacecraft''' ({{Langx|ru|Заря|lit=Dawn}}) was a secret Soviet project of the late 1980s aiming to design and build a large, manned,crewed vertical -takeoff, vertical -landing ([[VTVL]]) [[Reusable launch system|reusable]] [[space capsule]],<ref name=bbc20090429/> a much larger replacement for the [[Soyuz (spacecraft)]]. The project was developed during the years of 1985–1989 by [[Energia (corporation)|Energia corporation]] until it was shelved in 1989, "on the eve of the Soviet Union's collapse" due to lack of funding.<ref name=bbc20090429/> The name of the project was later reused by the [[Zarya (ISS module)|Zarya]] space station module which served as the first component of [[International Space Station]] in 1998.

The Zarya spacecraft would have differed from all previous spacecraft by having an array of a dozen rocketsrocket engines for making a soft landing upon return to Earth, without using a parachute.<ref name=bbc20090429>

{{cite news |last=Zak|first=Anatoly |title=Russia mulls rocket power 'first' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8024590.stm |accessdateaccess-date=2011-10-11 |newspaper=BBC News |date=2009-04-29 |quote=''RKK Energia, ... in the 1980s ... worked on a highly classified project to develop a large manned capsule, called Zarya ("Dawn"), for a wide range of civilian and military missions.''}}</ref>

The Zarya spacecraft would have brought crew and supplies to ''[[Mir]], '' or supplies only in automatedan uncrewed mode.<ref>[httphttps://books.google.com.my/books?id=1hmUjQxxXn8C&pg=PA160&dq=Zarya+spacecraft+would+have+brought+crew+and+supplies+to+%5B%5BMir%5D%5D,++or+supplies+only+in+automated&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vSK7UsewPILIrQeeioC4DA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Zarya%20spacecraft%20would%20have%20brought%20crew%20and%20supplies%20to%20%5B%5BMir%5D%5D%2C%20%20or%20supplies%20only%20in%20automated&f=false The Continuing Story of The International Space Station,] Byby Peter Bond].</ref>

It would have had a normal crew size of one or two, and offered the possibility of carrying a maximum of eight to twelve if used asin a Mirlifeboat lifeboatconfiguration.<ref>[httphttps://books.google.com.my/books?id=dbGchpi1HP8C&pg=PA381&lpg=PA381&dq=Zarya+soviet+soft+landing&source=bl&ots=ScuWgaVl6D&sig=sDtsU88ujoxi5d-SLQbJoqAqR80&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vFyJUpygCcitrAfS0oDwBg&redir_esc=y Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft, Pages displayed by permission of Springer.] Copyright. Byby Rex Hall, David Shayler].</ref><ref>[{{cite web |access-date=2020-04-13 |title=Zarya |url=http://www.astronautix.com/craftz/zarya.htmhtml Zarya]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926013631/http://www.astronautix.com/z/zarya.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 26, 2016 |website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref>

== Zarya ChronologyTimeline ==

''';1985 January 27'''

* '''Preliminary design work began on the Zarya '"Super Soyuz'".''' ConceptThe concept was a reusable spacecraft, launched by [[Zenit (rocket family)|Zenit launch vehicle,]]. with all possiblebut systemsa small ring of retro rockets being recovered in the landing module, togetherwhile withalso significantbeing payloadable to deliver deliveredcargo to and returned from orbit. Carriage in payload bay of [[Buran (spacecraft)|Buran shuttle]] was also a requirement for the program.

''';1986 December 22'''

* '''Zarya '"Super Soyuz'" briefed to the Military-Industrial Commission.''' <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = USSR|url = http://www.astronautix.com/country/ussr.htm|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060615014815/http://astronautix.com/country/ussr.htm|url-status = dead|archive-date = June 15, 2006|website = www.astronautix.com|accessdateaccess-date = 2015-07-20}}</ref>

* '''Zarya '"Super Soyuz'" cancelled on financial grounds.''' <ref name=":0" />

* [[{{Annotated link|McDonnell Douglas DC-X]]}}

* [[{{Annotated link|Reusable Vehicle Testing]]}}

* [[{{Annotated link|Quad (rocket)]]}}

* [[Blue Origin{{Annotated link|New Shepard]]}}

* [[{{Annotated link|Kankoh-maru]]}}

* {{InterlanguageAnnotated link|ru|CORONA (SSTO)|КОРОНА (ракета-носитель)|CORONA}}

[[Category:MannedCrewed space program of the Soviet Union]]