Content deleted Content added
No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit Android app edit |
|||
| (12 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Early worker uprisings}}{{Expand French|Révolte des canuts|date=April 2023}}{{more footnotes needed|date=November 2017}}
[[File:Horrible Massacre à Lyon - 1834.jpg|thumb|Suppression of the Second Canut revolt in April 1834]]
The '''Canut revolts''' ({{
▲The '''Canut revolts''' ({{lang-fr|Révolte des canuts}}) is the collective name for the major revolts by [[Lyon]]nais [[silk]] workers ({{lang-fr|[[wikt:canut#French|canut]]s}}) which occurred in 1831, 1834 and 1848. They were among the first well-defined [[worker uprising]]s of the period known as the [[Industrial Revolution]].
The '''First Canut revolt''' in 1831 was provoked by a bad economy and a resultant drop in silk prices, which caused a drop in workers' wages. In an effort to maintain their standard of living, the workers tried to see a [[Price floor|minimum price]] imposed on silk. The refusal of the manufacturers to pay this price infuriated the workers, who went into open revolt. They seized the arsenal and repulsed the local [[National Guard (France)|national guard]] and military in a bloody battle, which left the insurgents in control of the town. The government sent Marshal [[Jean-de-Dieu Soult]], a veteran of the [[Napoleonic Wars]], at the head of an army of 20,000 to restore order. Soult was able to retake the town without any bloodshed, and without making any compromises with the workers. Though some workers were arrested, all were eventually acquitted. The revolt ended
The '''Second Canut revolt''' in 1834 occurred in a prosperous economy that had caused a surge in workers' wages. Owners saw these wages as too high, so they attempted to impose a wage decrease. This combined with laws that oppressed Republican groups caused the workers to rebel. The government crushed the rebellion in a bloody battle and deported or imprisoned 10,000 insurgents.
Line 29 ⟶ 28:
== First revolt ==
The grim condition of the economy in 1831 drastically reduced the demand for silk goods. Salaries were continually being reduced, much less than their maximum during the economically prosperous years of the [[First French Empire]].
Line 37 ⟶ 35:
=== Insurrection ===
On 21 November 1831 several hundred weavers toured the then independent commune of [[Arrondissements of Lyon|Croix-Rousse]]. They forced the few weavers still at work to close their workshops, harassing the National Guard. Soon after they erected barricades and marched to Lyon with the
On 22 November in Lyon, the workers captured the fortified police barracks at Bon-Pasteur, pillaging the [[arsenal]] and stealing weapons in the process. Several units of the military guard and the national guard were attacked. The infantry attempted to stop them, but was forced to retreat under a hail of tiles and bullets. The national guard, most of which was recruited from amongst the canuts, changed sides, joining the insurgents.
Line 69 ⟶ 67:
[[File:Maisonbrunet.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The bombardment of Brunet House in Croix-Rousse. Oil on canvas.]]
The army occupied the town and bridges. Soon after, gunfire began, with troops firing on an unarmed crowd. Barricades were erected quickly throughout the town to hinder the army's progress. The disorganised workers stormed the Bon-Pasteur barracks, the same as during the first revolt, and again plundered the arsenal. The workers barricaded the different districts of the city, including Croix-Rousse, effectively creating fortified camps. What would be known later as the ''
[[Adolphe Thiers]], the Interior minister, would use a tactic that he would later reuse in 1871 to defeat the [[Paris Commune]]: retreat from the town, abandon it to the insurgents, surround it, then take it back.
Line 90 ⟶ 88:
== See also ==
* [[History of Lyon]]
*[[Barthélemy Thimonnier#Sewing machine riot|Barthélemy Thimonnier§Sewing machine riot]]
==Notes==
Line 111 ⟶ 110:
[[Category:Rebellions in France]]
[[Category:19th century in Lyon]]
[[Category:19th-century riots]]▼
[[Category:1831 in France]]
[[Category:1834 in France]]
Line 127 ⟶ 125:
[[Category:Revolutions of 1848]]
[[Category:Economy of Lyon]]
[[Category:
| |||