Wikipedia

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(31 intermediate revisions by 22 users not shown)
Line 1:
{{short description|First-level administrative division of Russia}}
 
{{Infobox Russian federal subject
|en_name=Nizhny Novgorod RegionOblast
|ru_name=Нижегородская область
|image_map=Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.svg▼
|image_skyline=Кремль Нижний 1 обрезанный.jpg
▲|image_map=Map of Russia - Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|56|29|N|44|32|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|image_coa=Coat of arms of Nizhny Novgorod Region.svg
Line 11 ⟶ 9:
|image_flag=Flag of Nizhny Novgorod Region.svg
|flag_caption=[[Flag of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Flag]]
|anthem=Anthem of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=<ref name="Anthem">Law #20</ref>
|holiday=
|holiday_ref=
|political_status=Oblast
|political_status_link=Oblasts of Russia
Line 22 ⟶ 20:
|adm_ctr_name=[[Nizhny Novgorod]]
|adm_ctr_ref=<ref name="Charter">Charter of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Article&nbsp;5.5</ref>
|pop_2021census= {{decrease}} 3119115
|pop_2010census=3310597
|pop_2010census_rank=10th12th
|urban_pop_2021census=79.9%
|urban_pop_2010census=78.9%
|rural_pop_2021census=20.1%
|rural_pop_2010census=21.1%
|pop_2021census_ref=<ref name=2021census>{{cite web|title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=1 September 2022}}</ref>
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" />
|pop_density
|pop_density_as_of
Line 32 ⟶ 30:
|pop_latest=3281008
|pop_latest_date=January 2014
|pop_latest_ref=<ref name="2014Est">Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/PrPopul.xls Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2014 года и в среднем за 2013 год] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225132215/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/PrPopul.xls%0A |date=December 25, 2018 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
|area_km2=7690076624
|area_km2_rank=40th
|established_date=January&nbsp;14, 1929 (first),<ref name="Established">"Нижегородская область. Административно-территориальное деление на 1 января 1992 г.". ГИПП "Нижполиграф", Нижний Новгород, 1993, стр.&nbsp;5</ref><br />December&nbsp;5, 1936 (second)
|established_date_ref=<ref name="Established" />
|license_plates=52, 152, 252
|ISO=RU-NIZ
|gov_as_of=June 2013
Line 43 ⟶ 41:
|leader_title_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis">Charter of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Article&nbsp;21</ref>
|leader_name=[[Gleb Nikitin]]
|leader_name_ref=<ref name="HeadName">Official website of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. [http://www.government-nnov.ru/?id=3000 Valery Pavlinovich Shantsev, Governor of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017053000/http://www.government-nnov.ru/?id=3000 |date=October 17, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbc.ru/politics/26/09/2017/59ca04979a7947274c45ad36|title=Путин отправил в отставку губернатора Нижегородской области|website=РБК|date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=March 19, 2018}}</ref>
|legislature=[[Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Legislative Assembly]]
|legislature_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis" />
Line 50 ⟶ 48:
|date=September 2017
}}
'''Nizhny Novgorod Oblast''' ({{lang-langx|ru|link=no|Нижегородская область}}, ''|Nizhegorodskaya oblast''}}), is a [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] of [[Russia]] (an [[oblast]]). Its [[administrative center]] is the [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] of [[Nizhny Novgorod]]. It has a population of 3,310119,597115 as of the [[2021 Russian Census (2010)census|20102021 Census]].<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> From 1932 to 1990 it was known as '''Gorky Oblast''' ({{langx|ru|Горьковская область}}).
 
The oblast is crossed by the [[Volga River]]. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including [[Dzerzhinsk, Russia|Dzerzhinsk]], [[Bor, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Bor]] and [[Kstovo]]) the biggest city is [[Arzamas]]. Near the town of [[Sarov]] there is the [[Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery]], one of the largest convents in Russia, established by [[Seraphim of Sarov|Saint Seraphim of Sarov]]. The [[Makaryev Monastery]] opposite of the town of [[Lyskovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Lyskovo]] used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} Other historic towns include [[Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Gorodets]] and [[Balakhna]], located on the [[Volga]] to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.
 
==Geography==
[[File:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast map.png|thumb|150px|right|Map of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]]
The oblast covers an area of {{convert|76900|km2|sp=us}}, which is approximately equal to the entire area of the [[Benelux|Benelux countries]] or [[Czech Republic]]. Agricultural land occupies 41% of this area; forests, 48%, lakes and rivers, 2%; and other lands, 9%. Nizhny Novgorod Oblast borders [[Kostroma Oblast]] (N), [[Kirov Oblast]] (NE), the [[Mari El Republic]] (E), the [[Chuvash Republic]] (E), the [[Republic of Mordovia]] (S), [[Ryazan Oblast]] (SW), [[Vladimir Oblast]] (W), and [[Ivanovo Oblast]] (NW).
 
Line 63 ⟶ 62:
The sites of Pustyn I and the settlement of Naumovka I, Krasny Bor 5 and others belong to the Mesolithic era in the Nizhny Novgorod region. Burial grounds of the Fatyanovo culture of the Bronze Age were found in the Chkalovsky, Vetluzhsky and Krasnobakovsky districts.<ref>''Т. Д. Николаенко''. «Археологическая карта России: Нижегородская область» // Москва, 2004.</ref>
 
In the course of the regional reform of [[Peter the Great|Peter I]] in 1708, Nizhny Novgorod with the surrounding lands was added to the [[Kazan provinceGovernorate]]. In 1714, the [[Nizhny Novgorod provinceGovernorate]] was created.
 
On January 14, 1929, the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast was formed.<ref>[http://www.knowbysight.info/1_RSFSR/00312.asp Нижегородская губерния]</ref> On July 15 of the same year, it was transformed into the Nizhny Novgorod Territory.
Line 71 ⟶ 70:
On January 7, 1954, the Arzamas Oblast was separated from the Gorky Oblast. On April 23, 1957, the Arzamas Oblast was abolished, and its territory was returned to the Gorky Oblast.
 
On October 22, 1990, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Gorky Oblast was renamed the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901860327|title=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 22 октября 1990 года «О переименовании города Горького в город Нижний Новгород и Горьковской области в Нижегородскую область»|archiveurl=https://archive.istoday/2LvEe20160113104811/http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901860327|archivedate=January 13, 2016|access-01date=January 22, 2022|url-13status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.government-nnov.ru/?id=2081|url-status=dead|title=Общество &#124; Информация о Нижегородской области &#124; История Нижегородского края &#124; Советский период &#124; Административно-территориальное устройство|publisher=Правительство Нижегородской области|accessdate=2016-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130233927/http://www.government-nnov.ru/?id=2081|archivedate=2016-01-30}}</ref> On April 21, 1992, the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia approved the decision of the presidium of the parliament to rename the region, amending Art. 71 of the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978,<ref>[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1978/zakony/183094/chapter/89300effb84a59912210b23abe10a68f/ Закон Российской Федерации от 21 апреля 1992 года № 2708-I «Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики»]</ref> which entered into force on May 16, 1992.<ref>[http://www.politika.su/doc/zak90a.html Законы РСФСР/РФ 1990—1993 и поправки к ним до весны 1995]</ref>
{{clear}}
 
==Politics==
[[File:Бывшие Присутственные МестаNN 01-09-2021 panoramio20.jpg|thumb|[[Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Nizhny Novgorod House of Legislative Assembly]] in the [[Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin]], 2013]]
 
During the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: the first secretary of the Nizhny Novgorod (then Gorki) [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority); the chairman of the oblast [[Soviet (council)|Soviet]] (legislative power); and the chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). After the abolition of Article 6 of the Constitution of the USSR in March 1990, the CPSU lost its monopoly on power. The head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor, was appointed/elected alongside the elected [[Regional parliaments of Russia|regional parliament]].
Line 81:
 
==Sights==
[[File:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast mapE7141-Balakhna-Saviour-Church.pngjpg|thumb|150px|left|Map ofSavior's NizhnyChurch Novgorodin Oblast[[Balakhna]]]]
 
The unique [[architect]]ural construction—the {{convert|128|m|sp=us|adj=on}} [[steel]] lattice [[Shukhov tower on the Oka River|hyperboloid tower]] built by the Russian engineer and scientist [[Vladimir Shukhov|Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov]] in 1929—is located near the town of [[Dzerzhinsk, Russia|Dzerzhinsk]] on the left bank of the [[Oka River]].
 
==Administrative divisions==
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast}}
{{clear}}
 
==Demographics==
[[File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.png|thumb|right|300px|Life expectancy at birth in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]]{{Historical populations|1897|1584774|1926|2743344|1939|3565000|1959|3590274|1970|3682484|1979|3695523|1989|3714322|2002|3524028|2010|3310597|2021|3119115|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}'''Population''': {{ru-census|p2021=3,119,115|p2010=3,310,597|p2002=3,524,028|p1989=3,714,322}}
'''Population''': {{ru-census|p2010=3,310,597|p2002=3,524,028|p1989=3,714,322}}
 
According to the 2010 Census,<ref name="2010Census" >{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> ethnic [[Russians]] at&nbsp;3,109,661 made up 95.1% of the oblast's population. Other ethnic groups included [[Tatars]] (44,103, or 1.4%), [[Mordvin people|Mordva]] (19,138, or 0.6%), [[Ukrainians]] (17,657, or 0.5%), and various smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total. Additionally, 42,349 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936 |title=Перепись-2010: русских становится больше |publisher=Perepis-2010.ru |date=2011-12-19 |access-date=2012-08-13 |archive-date=December 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225111852/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
'''Vital statistics for 2022:'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022 |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Edn_12-2022.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302093910/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Edn_12-2022_t1_2.xlsx |archive-date=2 March 2023 |accessdate=21 February 2023 |website=ROSSTAT}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022 |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Edn_12-2022.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302093910/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Edn_12-2022_t1_3.xlsx |archive-date=2 March 2023 |accessdate=21 February 2023 |website=ROSSTAT}}</ref>
*Births (2011): 36,315 (11.0 per 1000)
*Deaths (2011)Births: 5424,184032 (167.47 per 10001,000)
*Deaths: 48,025 (15.3 per 1,000)
 
'''Total fertility rate (2022):'''<ref name="gks.ru-tfr">{{cite web|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/SMD_7.1.xlsx|format=XLSX|script-title=ru:Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости|trans-title=Total fertility rate|language=ru|work=[[Russian Federal State Statistics Service]]|access-date=10 August 2023|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810203543/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/SMD_7.1.xlsx|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />
Deaths decreased by 8.5% in 2011 compared to 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat/rosstatsite/main/population/demography/ |title=Росстат. Демография |publisher=Gks.ru |access-date=2012-08-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326222501/http://gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat/rosstatsite/main/population/demography/ |archive-date=March 26, 2012 }}</ref>
1.31 children per woman
 
'''Life expectancy (2021):'''<ref name="rosstat">{{cite web|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |title=Демографический ежегодник России |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |access-date=2022-06-01 |language=ru |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia}}</ref> <br />
;Vital statistics for 2012
Total — 68.93 years (male&nbsp;— 63.81, female&nbsp;— 73.97)
*Births: 38,881 (11.8 per 1000)
*Deaths: 52,771 (16.0 per 1000) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm|title=Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации|website=www.gks.ru|access-date=March 19, 2018}}</ref>
*'''Total fertility rate:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312|title=Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики|website=www.gks.ru|access-date=March 19, 2018}}</ref>'''
2009 – 1.43 | 2010 – 1.42 | 2011 – 1.44 | 2012 – 1.55 | 2013 – 1.56 | 2014 – 1.59 | 2015 – 1.67 | 2016 – 1.65(e)
 
According to the Federal Migration Service, 20,450 foreign citizens were registered in the oblast in 2006. The actual number of foreigners residing in the oblast as of June 1, 2006 was estimated to be over 22,000.<ref>[http://www.kurs-n.nnov.ru/30.06.2006/rakurs-1.html Дарья ВЛАДИМИРОВА, "Стройки под особым контролем"]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Rakurs, 30 June 2006</ref>
 
===;Religion===
[[File:E7141-Balakhna-Saviour-Church.jpg|thumb|Savior's Church in [[Balakhna]]]]
{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/en/arena "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"]. Sreda, 2012.</ref><ref name="2012Arena-religion-maps">[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].</ref>
Line 127 ⟶ 125:
==Economy==
[[File:C0258-Fedyakovo-Mega.jpg|thumb|An [[IKEA]] shopping center in [[Fedyakovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Fedyakovo]].]]
[[File:Shukhov Oka Towers 1988 photo by Igor Kazus.jpg|thumb|[[Shukhov tower on the Oka River|Shukhov towers]] built in Nizhny Novgorod suburbs near Dzerzhinsk in 1927–1929]]▼
 
The oblast ranks seventh in Russia in industrial output. Processing industries predominate in the local economy. More than 650 industrial companies employ nearly 700,000 people, or 62% of the workforce involved in material production. Industry generates 83% of the regional [[GDP]] and accounts for 89% of all material expenditures. The leading sectors are engineering and metalworking, followed by chemical and petrochemical industries and forestry, woodworking, and paper industries. The first three sectors account for about 75% of all industrial production.
Line 161 ⟶ 160:
*The [[narrow gauge railway of Decor-1 factory]] is located in the [[Arzamassky District]]
'''Narrow gauge railways in the region:'''
<gallery widths="170px" perrow="4">
File:Narrow gauge railway of Alcevskoye peat enterprise 2013.jpg|<{{center>|Map [[Altsevo peat narrow gauge railway]]</center>}}
File:Narrow gauge railway of Caprolactam factory.png|<{{center>|Map [[Narrow gauge railway of Caprolactam factory]]</center>}}
File:Narrow gauge railway of Peshelan Gupsym mine.png|<{{center>|Map [[Narrow gauge railway of Decor-1 factory]]</center>}}
File:Narrow gauge railway of Kerzenetsc peat enterprise.png|<{{center>|Map [[Kerzhenets peat narrow gauge railway]]</center>}}
</gallery>
{{Clear}}
 
==References==
 
{{Commons category|Nizhny Novgorod Oblast}}▼
 
===Notes===
Line 179 ⟶ 178:
 
==External links==
▲{{Commons category|Nizhny Novgorod Oblast}}
{{Wikivoyage|Nizhny Novgorod Oblast}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Nizhniy-Novgorod (government) | volume= 19 |last1= Kropotkin |first1= Peter Alexeivitch |author1-link= Peter Kropotkin| last2= Bealby |first2= John Thomas| pages = 720&ndash;721 |short= 1}}
▲[[File:Shukhov Oka Towers 1988 photo by Igor Kazus.jpg|thumb|[[Shukhov tower on the Oka River|Shukhov towers]] built in Nizhny Novgorod suburbs near Dzerzhinsk in 1927–1929]]
*[http://www.government-nnov.ru/ Official website of the Government of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113180450/http://government-nnov.ru/ |date=November 13, 2015 }} {{in lang|ru}}▼
 
▲*[http://www.government-nnov.ru/ Official website of the Government of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://www.zsno.ru/ Official website of the Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://www.nizhnynovgorod.com/ Nizhny Novgorod City Guide] Travel and business guide to Nizhny Novgorod
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast"