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{{Short description|Jazz music composition composed by Herbie Hancock}}
[[File:Maiden Voyage Herbie Hancock opening vamp.png|thumb|"Maiden Voyage" opening [[ostinato#Vamp|vamp]]: D[[sus chord]] in D [[Dorian mode#Modern Dorian mode|Dorian]],<ref>Herder, Ronald (1987). ''1000 Keyboard Ideas'', p.75. {{ISBN|978-0-943748-48-1}}.</ref> or [[mixolydian mode|mixolydian]].<ref>Coker, Jerry (1997). ''Jerry Coker's complete method for improvisation: for all instruments'', p.64. {{ISBN|978-0-7692-1856-4}}.</ref> {{audio|Maiden Voyage Herbie Hancock opening vamp.mid|Play}}]]
 
"'''Maiden Voyage'''" is a [[jazz]] composition by [[Herbie Hancock]] from his 1965 album ''[[Maiden Voyage (Herbie Hancock album)|Maiden Voyage]]''. It features Hancock's quartet – trumpeter [[Freddie Hubbard]], bassist [[Ron Carter]] and drummer [[Tony Williams (drummer)|Tony Williams]] – withtogether additionalwith saxophonist [[George Coleman]]. It is one of Hancock's best-known compositions and has become a [[jazz standard]].<ref name="Carr et al"/>
 
The piece was used in a [[FabergéYardley (cosmetics)London|FabergéYardley]] commercial and was originally listed on the album's master tape as "TV Jingle" until a friend of Hancock's sister came up with the new name.<ref name="RosenthalHancock"/> In the liner notes for the ''Maiden Voyage'' album, Hancock states that the composition was an attempt to capture "the splendor of a sea-going vessel on its maiden voyage".
 
While being interviewedInterviewed for KCET TV in 2011, Hancock said he considered Maiden Voyage to be his favorite of all of the compositions he had written.<ref>KCET https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEUP6ttUL1E </ref>
 
== Harmonic Structure ==
[[File:Minor eleventh chord Herbie Hancock Maiden Voyage.png|thumb|right|Opening chord: minor [[eleventh chord]] (Am9/D).<ref name="What">Kernfeld, Barry (1997). ''What to Listen for in Jazz'', p.68. {{ISBN|978-0-300-07259-4}}.</ref> {{audio|Minor eleventh chord Herbie Hancock Maiden Voyage.mid|Play}}]]
[[Image:Maiden Voyage rhythmic ostinato.png|thumb|Rhythmic ostinato, a transformation of the [[bossa nova]] rhythm.<ref>Kernfeld, Barry (1997). ''What to Listen For in Jazz'', p.23. {{ISBN|9780300072594}}.</ref>]]
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A [[modal jazz]] piece, the composition follows a 32-bar [[Thirty-two-bar form|AABA form]] with only two chords in each section:<ref name="Kernfeld"/>
<!--"b" is used rather than "{{music|b}}" in the indented examples below to allow equal spacing, in the article body use the music template per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (music)#Accidentals]]-->
A{{smallcaps|mi}}7/D | | | | C{{smallcaps|mi}}7/F | | | |
A{{smallcaps|mi}}7/D | | | | C{{smallcaps|mi}}7/F | | | |
Bb{{smallcaps|mi}}7/Eb | | | | C#{{smallcaps|mi}}9Dbm9 | | | |
A{{smallcaps|mi}}7/D | | | | C{{smallcaps|mi}}7/F | | | | <ref name="What"/>
 
There are several different perspectives on exactly how to label or interpret these harmonies. The chord voicings used by Hancock make extensive use of [[perfect fourth]]s, and could be interpreted as [[quartal chord|quartal harmonies]]: for example, the opening chord Am7/D has the notes A, C, E, G, D, and the same notes in a different order spell out a series of perfect fourths creating a quartal chord, E, A, D, G, C.
The chord voicings used by Hancock make extensive use of [[perfect fourth]]s. Jazz.com's Ted Gioia describes the harmonic progression used as, "four [[suspended chord]]s," <ref name="Gioia"/> Jerry Coker describes the progression as "only sus. 4 chords,"<ref>Coker, Jerry (1984). ''Jazz Keyboard for Pianists and Non-Pianists'', p.46. {{ISBN|0-7692-3323-6}}.</ref> while ''[[The Real Book]]'' lists the chords as four [[minor seventh chord]]s with the [[bass note]] a [[perfect fifth|fifth]] below the [[root (music)|root]]<ref name="Real Book"/> which matches Hancock's description of the opening chord (right).<ref name="What"/> ''The Real Book'' also spells the fourth chord (mm.22-24) as A{{music|b}}-7/D{{music|b}},<ref name="Real Book"/> while Owens spells it C{{music|#}}{{smallcaps|mi}}<sup>13</sup>.<ref>Owens, Thomas (1996). ''Bebop: The Music and Its Players'', p.164. {{ISBN|9780195106510}}.</ref> The pitches of C{{music|#}}mi9 ([[ninth chord]]) are C{{music|#}} E G{{music|#}} B D{{music|#}} and the pitches of A{{music|b}}-7/D{{music|b}} [[enharmonic]]ally, and C{{music|#}}mi13 ([[thirteenth chord]]), are C{{music|#}} G{{music|#}} B D{{music|#}} F{{music|#}} (A{{music|#}}).
 
Another common analysis in print is to label each chord a suspended chord. In this perspective, the first chord Am7/D (D, A, C, E, G) can be thought of as a Dm9 chord (D, F, A, C, E) with a suspended 4th (G instead of F). Along these lines, Jazz.com's Ted Gioia describes the harmonic progression used as "four [[suspended chord]]s," <ref name="Gioia"/> [[Jerry Coker]] describes the progression as "only sus. 4 chords,"<ref>Coker, Jerry (1984). ''Jazz Keyboard for Pianists and Non-Pianists'', p.46. {{ISBN|0-7692-3323-6}}.</ref> From this perspective, the first chord is really an extended Dm chord with a suspension.
 
On the other hand, ''[[The Real Book]]'' lists the chords as four [[minor seventh chord]]s with the [[bass note]] a [[perfect fifth|fifth]] below the [[root (music)|root]]<ref name="Real Book"/> which matches Hancock's description of the opening chord (right).<ref name="What"/> This label implies that the opening chord is not really any kind of Dm chord, but an Am7 chord with a non-chord-tone D in the bass. The Real Book erroneously spells the fourth chord (measures 22-24) as A♭-7/D♭,<ref name="Real Book" /> while Owens correctly identifies it as C♯m13.<ref>Owens, Thomas (1996). ''Bebop: The Music and Its Players'', p.164. {{ISBN|9780195106510}}.</ref> The inclusion of the E natural in the original recording of the song supports Owens' interpretation of the chord. While the pitches of C♯m13 and A♭-7/D♭ may appear to be enharmonic equivalents, the presence of the E natural in the fourth chord distinguishes the two chords.
 
== Recorded Versions ==
*[[Herbie Hancock]], on his album ''[[Maiden Voyage (Herbie Hancock album)|Maiden Voyage]]''
*[[Bobby Hutcherson]], on his album ''[[Happenings (Bobby Hutcherson album)|Happenings]]''
*[[Ramsey Lewis]], on his album ''[[Maiden Voyage (Ramsey Lewis album)|Maiden Voyage]]''
*[[Grant Green]], on the album ''[[Alive! (Grant Green album)|Alive!]]''
*[[Brian Auger and the Trinity]], on the 1970 album ''Befour''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/befour-mw0000175821|title = Befour - Brian Auger & the Trinity &#124; Songs, Reviews, Credits &#124; AllMusic|website = [[AllMusic]]}}</ref>
*[[Jazz rock]] band [[Blood, Sweat, and Tears]], on their 1972 album ''[[New Blood (Blood, Sweat & Tears album)|New Blood]]''
*[[Jon Lucien]], on the 1975 album ''[[Song for My Lady (Jon Lucien album)|Song for My Lady]]'' featuring lyrics by Herbie Hancock's sibling Jean Hancock.
*[[Norman Connors]], on the 1975 album ''[[Saturday Night Special (Norman Connors album)|Saturday Night Special]]''.
*The rock band [[Phish]] performed the song in their early concerts. A live version was released on their album ''[[Colorado '88]]''.
*[[Toto (band)|Toto]], on their 2002 album ''[[Through the Looking Glass (Toto album)|Through the Looking Glass]]''. This recording included elements of Hancock's 1974 song "[[Thrust (album)|Butterfly]]".
*[[Robert Glasper]], on his 2004 album ''[[Mood (Robert Glasper album)|Mood]]''.<ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/album/mood-mw0000036530 Allmusic review of Mood]</ref> He recorded it again on his 2007 album ''[[In My Element]]'', this time as a medley with [[Radiohead]]'s "[[Everything in Its Right Place]]".
*[[Jack Steadman|Mr Jukes]], on the 2019 [[Blue Note]] Re:Imagined compilation.
 
== Notes ==
<references>
<ref name="Carr et al">{{cite book |title=The Rough Guide to Jazz |first1=Ian |last1=Carr |first2=Digby |last2=Fairweather |first3=Brian |last3=Priestley |publisher=Rough Guides |year=2004 |isbn=1-84353-256-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/roughguidetojazz00carr/page/332 332] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetojazz00carr/page/332 }}</ref>
<ref name="Gioia">{{cite web |title=Herbie Hancock: Maiden Voyage |first=Ted |last=Gioia |publisher=Jazz.com |date=18 December 2007 |url=http://www.jazz.com/music/2007/12/18/herbie-hancock-maiden-voyage-2 |accessdateaccess-date=30 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421212850/http://www.jazz.com/music/2007/12/18/herbie-hancock-maiden-voyage-2 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="Kernfeld">{{cite book |title=The Blackwell Guide to Recorded Jazz |first=Barry Dean |last=Kernfeld |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=1995 |isbn=0-631-19552-1 |page=388}}</ref>
<ref name="Real Book">{{cite book |title=The Real Book, Volume I |publisher=Hal Leonard corporation |year=2004 |isbn=0-634-06038-4 |page=261}}</ref>
<ref name="RosenthalHancock">{{cite book | title=Hard Bop: Jazz and black music 1955–1965 Possibilities|first=David H.Herbie |last=RosenthalHancock |publisher=Oxford University Press USViking |year=19932014 |isbn=978-0-19670-50855601471-6 2|pagepages=6889-91}}</ref>
</references>
{{Herbie Hancock}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:1965 compositions]]
[[Category:Jazz compositions]]
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