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{{Short description|Manual emptying of human waste from prison cells}}
'''Slopping out''' is the emptying of [[bucket]]s of [[human waste]] when the [[prison cell|cell]]s are unlocked in [[prison]]s in the morning. Inmates without a [[toilet]] in the cell have to use a bucket or [[chamber pot]] while locked in during the night. The reason that some cells do not have toilets is that they date from the [[Victorian era]] and were therefore never originally designed to have toilets. As a result, there is no space in which to put a toilet, together with the expense and difficulty of installing the necessary plumbing.
{{Use dmy dates|date=AugustJanuary 20102020}}
'''Slopping out''' is the manual emptying of [[bucket]]s of [[human waste]] when the [[prison cell|cell]]s are unlocked in [[prison]]s in the morning. Inmates without a [[flush toilet]] in the cell have to use aother bucketmeans or(formerly a [[chamber pot]], then a bucket, now often a [[chemical toilet]]) while locked in during the night. The reason that some cells do not have toilets is that they date from the [[Victorian era]] and were therefore never originallynot designed towith have toiletsplumbing. As a result, there is no space in which to put a toilet, together with the expense and difficulty of installing the necessary plumbingpipes.
 
=="Dirty Protest"==
Slopping out was allegedly abolished in [[England and Wales]] by 1996, although some sources maintain that Prisons Inspector Nick Hardwick has stated that it still persists in some places such as Gloucester gaol.<ref name="Private Eye">{{cite news | title = Very sloppy | newspaper = Private Eye No. 1280 | date = 21 January 2011 | page = 31}}</ref> It was scheduled to be abolished in Scotland by 1999.<ref name="times">{{cite web | title = A daily ritual for one fifth of Scots inmates | author = Shirley English | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article844836.ece | publisher = ''[[The Times]]'' | date = 27 April 2004 | accessdate = 2008-04-03 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Inmates lose 'slopping out' claim | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3527632.stm | publisher = [[BBC News Online]] | date = 12 August 2004 | accessdate = 2010-07-06}}</ref> Due to budget restraints the abolition was delayed, and by 2004 prisoners in five of Scotland's sixteen prisons still had to slop out.<ref name="times"/> Slopping out ended in [[Polmont (HM Prison)|HM Young Offenders Institution Polmont]] in 2007, leaving [[HMP Peterhead|HM Prison Peterhead]] as the last prison where prisoners do not have access to proper sanitation, as 300 prisoners use [[chemical toilet]]s due to the difficulty of installing modern plumbing in the prison's granite structure.<ref>{{cite web | title = Slopping out payments to be made | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/5349130.stm | publisher = BBC | date = 15 September 2006 | accessdate = 2008-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Slopping out cash that was diverted away from prisons | author = Lucy Adams | url = http://www.theherald.co.uk/news/focus/display.var.1784377.0.0.php | publisher = ''[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]'' | date = 25 October 2007 | accessdate = 2008-04-03}}</ref>
 
During the late 1970s, [[Provisional IRA]] volunteers protested against conditions of internment at [[HM Prison Maze]] by refusing to slop out and instead smearing their faeces on the cell walls. This was later referred to as the [[Dirty protest]], part of several acts of disobedience within the "H-Blocks" culminating in the [[1981 Irish Hunger Strike]].
Slopping out is still in practice in prisons in the [[Republic of Ireland]].<ref>[[The Times]] article on [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2208241.ece Inspector of Irish Prisons]</ref> However speaking at the launch of the Irish Human Rights Commission's Annual Report for 2009, the Green Junior Minister for Integration Mary White said it was time to move on from the Victorian practice. Slopping out is due to be eradicated in Dublin's [[Mountjoy_Prison|Mountjoy prison]] for the first time in its 150 year history by the end of the year. <ref>{{cite web | title = Burglary rates down 10% in Dublin, Shatter tells Oireachtas Committee | author = Conor Lally | url = http://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/burglary-rates-down-10-in-dublin-shatter-tells-oireachtas-committee-1.1435116 | publisher = ''[[The Irish Times]]'' | date = 19 June 2013 | accessdate = 2013-06-19}}</ref>
 
==Phasing out==
{{See also|List of prisons in the United Kingdom}}
Slopping out was allegedly abolished in [[England and Wales]] by 1996, although ''[[Private Eye]]'' in 2011 reported that Prisons Inspector Nick Hardwick stated that it still persisted at [[HM Prison Gloucester|HMP Gloucester]].<ref name="Private Eye">{{cite news | title = Very sloppy | newspaper = Private Eye No. 1280 | date = 21 January 2011 | page = 31}}</ref>
 
Slopping out was allegedly abolished in [[England and Wales]] by 1996, although some sources maintain that Prisons Inspector Nick Hardwick has stated that it still persists in some places such as Gloucester gaol.<ref name="Private Eye">{{cite news | title = Very sloppy | newspaper = Private Eye No. 1280 | date = 21 January 2011 | page = 31}}</ref> It was scheduled to be abolished in Scotland by 1999.<ref name="times">{{cite webnews | title = A daily ritual for one fifth of Scots inmates | author = Shirley English | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article844836.ece | publishernewspaper = ''[[The Times]]'' | date = 27 April 2004 | accessdateaccess-date = 3 April 2008-04-03 | location=London}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite webnews | title = Inmates lose 'slopping out' claim | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3527632.stm | publisherwork = [[BBC News Online]] | date = 12 August 2004 | accessdateaccess-date = 6 July 2010-07-06}}</ref> Due to budget restraints the abolition was delayed, and by 2004 prisoners in five of Scotland's sixteen prisons still had to slop out.<ref name="times"/> Slopping out ended in [[Polmont (HM Prison)|HM Young Offenders Institution Polmont]] in 2007, leaving [[HMP Peterhead|HM Prison Peterhead]] as the last Scottish prison where prisoners dodid not have access to proper sanitation, asplumbing; 300 prisoners had to use [[chemical toilet]]stoilets due to the difficulty of installing modern plumbing in the prison's granite structure.<ref>{{cite web | title = Slopping out payments to be made | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/5349130.stm | publisher = BBC | date = 15 September 2006 | accessdateaccess-date = 3 April 2008-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite webnews | title = Slopping out cash that was diverted away from prisons | author = Lucy Adams | url = http://www.theherald.co.uk/news/focus/display.var.1784377.0.0.php | publishernewspaper = ''[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]'' | date = 25 October 2007 | accessdateaccess-date = 3 April 2008 | url-04status = dead | archive-03url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080413064952/http://www.theherald.co.uk/news/focus/display.var.1784377.0.0.php | archive-date = 13 April 2008 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Peterhead ultimately closed in December 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/heritage/notorious-peterhead-prison-closes-its-doors-1-3223438 | title=Notorious Peterhead prison closes its doors | publisher=[[The Scotsman]] | work=scotsman.com | date=6 December 2013 | access-date=16 November 2014}}</ref>
 
Slopping out is still in practice in prisons in the [[Republic of Ireland]].<ref>[[The Times]] article on [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629122250/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2208241.ece Inspector of Irish Prisons] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110629122250/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2208241.ece Archive])</ref> However speakingSpeaking at the launch of the [[Irish Human Rights Commission]]'s Annual Report for 2009, the [[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]] Junior Minister for Integration [[Mary White (Green Party politician)|Mary White]] said it was time to move on from the Victorian practice. Slopping out is due to bewas eradicated in Dublin's [[Mountjoy_Prison|Mountjoy prisonPrison]] for the first time in its 150 year history by the end of the year. 2013<ref>{{cite webnews | title = Burglary rates down 10% in Dublin, Shatter tells Oireachtas Committee | author = Conor Lally | url = http://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/burglary-rates-down-10-in-dublin-shatter-tells-oireachtas-committee-1.1435116 | publishernewspaper = ''[[The Irish Times]]'' | date = 19 June 2013 | accessdateaccess-date = 19 June 2013}}</ref> and in [[Cork Prison]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iprt.ie/latest-06news/slopping-out-ended-in-cork-prison/|title=Slopping out ended in Cork Prison|website=www.iprt.ie}}</ref> However, the practice continues at [[Limerick Prison]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/home/271178/nineteen-inmates-slopping-out-in-limerick-prison.html|title=Nineteen inmates 'slopping out' in Limerick Prison|website=www.limerickleader.ie|date=19 September 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/business/arid-30874402.html|title=Construction company challenges awarding of €53m Limerick Prison contract|date=8 October 2018|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref>
 
==Other==
A {{anchor|Potwalloper}}"potwalloper" was a [[Trusty system (prison)|trusty prisoner]] who made sure the buckets were emptied and cleaned each morning. He did not do the cleaning himself, but he was responsible for making sure that other prisoners did.
 
==See also==
{{Portal|Criminal justiceLaw}}
* [[Manual scavenging]], a system of emptying "dry" toilets
* [[Bucket toilet]]
 
==References==
{{Portal|Criminal justice}}
{{Reflist}}
 
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