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{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}
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'''Baker Street''' is a [[London Underground]] station at the junction of [[Baker Street]] and the [[Marylebone Road]] in the [[City of Westminster]]. It is one of the original stations of the [[Metropolitan Railway]] (MR), the world's first underground railway, opened on 10 January 1863.{{sfn|Rose|2007}}
The station is in [[Travelcard Zone 1]] and is served by five lines.<ref name=tubemap>{{cite map/Standard Tube Map}}</ref> On the [[Circle line (London Underground)|Circle]] and [[Hammersmith & City line|Hammersmith & City]] lines it is between
== Location ==
{{stack|{{maplink |frame=yes |frame-width=240 |frame-height=180 |type=point |marker=rail-metro |marker-color=<!--Default--> |zoom=15 |text=Location of Baker Street station }}|[[File:Baker Street tube station, 1862.jpg|thumb
The station has entrances on [[Baker Street]], [[Chiltern Street]] (ticket holders only) and [[Marylebone Road]]. Nearby attractions include [[Regent's Park]], [[Lord's Cricket Ground]], the [[Sherlock Holmes Museum]] and [[Madame Tussauds]].
== History ==
=== Metropolitan Railway – the first underground railway ===
▲[[File:Baker Street tube station, 1862.jpg|thumb|left|The original Baker Street station entrances on each side of Marylebone Road, 1862]]
In the first half of the 19th century, the population and physical extent of London grew greatly.{{refn|In 1801, approximately one million people lived in the area that is now [[Greater London]]. By 1851 this had doubled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10097836&c_id=10001043&add=N |title=Total Population |work=A Vision of Britain Through Time |publisher=[[University of Portsmouth]]/[[Jisc]] |year=2009 |access-date= 13 December 2015}}</ref> The increasing resident population and the development of a commuting population arriving by train each day led to a high level of traffic congestion with huge numbers of carts, cabs, and omnibuses filling the roads and up to 200,000 people entering the [[City of London]], the commercial heart, each day on foot.{{sfn|Wolmar|2004|p=22}}|group=note}} The congested streets and the distance to the city from the stations to the north and west prompted many attempts to get parliamentary approval to build new railway lines into the city.{{refn|None were successful, and the 1846 [[Royal Commission on Metropolitan Railway Termini]]<!-- This is Metropolitan Railway in the general sense rather than the specific sense used elsewhere in the article--> banned construction of new lines or stations in the built-up central area.{{sfn|Simpson|2003|p=7}}<ref name="1846 Royal_Commission">{{cite news |date=1 July 1846 |title=Metropolitan Railway Termini |newspaper=[[The Times]] |issue=19277 |page=6 |url-access=subscription |access-date= 13 December 2015 |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/918/267/67235331w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS100956897&dyn=27!xrn_52_0_CS100956897&hst_1?sw_aep=kccl}}</ref> The concept of an underground railway linking the City with the mainline termini was first proposed in the 1830s.<ref name=1846GCRt>{{cite news |date=12 May 1846|title=Grand Central Railway Terminus |newspaper=[[The Times]] |issue=19234 |page=8 |url=http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=kccl&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=AdvancedSearchForm&docId=CS135035564&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 |url-access=subscription |access-date= 13 December 2015}}</ref>|group=note}} In 1852, [[Charles Pearson]] planned a railway from Farringdon to King's Cross. Although the plan was supported by the city, the railway companies were not interested and the company struggled to proceed.{{sfn|Day|Reed|2008|p=9}} The Bayswater, Paddington, and Holborn Bridge Railway Company was established to connect the [[Great Western Railway]]'s (GWR) Paddington station to Pearson's route at King's Cross.{{sfn|Day|Reed|2008|p=9}} A [[bill (proposed law)|bill]] was published in November 1852<ref name="BP&HBR">{{London Gazette |issue=21386 |page=3480 |date=30 November 1852 }}</ref> and in January 1853 the directors held their first meeting and appointed [[Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet|John Fowler]] as its engineer.{{sfn|Green|1987|pp=3–4}} Several bills were submitted for a route between [[London Paddington station|Paddington]] and [[Farringdon station|Farringdon]].{{sfn|"Fowler's Ghost"|1962|p=299}} The company's name was also to be changed again, to [[Metropolitan Railway]]{{sfn|Day|Reed|2008|p=9}}<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=21497 |pages=3403–3405 |date=25 November 1853 }}</ref>{{refn|The original established name was the "North Metropolitan Railway".{{sfn|"Fowler's Ghost"|1962|p=299}}|group=note}} and the route was approved on 7 August 1854.{{sfn|"Fowler's Ghost"|1962|p=299}}<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=21581|pages=2465–2466 |date=11 August 1854 }}</ref>
Construction began in March 1860;{{sfn|Day|Reed|2008|p=10}} using the "[[cut-and-cover]]" method to dig the tunnel.{{sfn|Jackson|1986|p=24}}{{sfn|Walford|1878}} Despite
In the next few years, extensions of the line were made at both ends with connections from [[Paddington tube station (Circle and Hammersmith & City lines)|Paddington]] to the GWR's Hammersmith and City Railway (H&CR) and at [[Gloucester Road tube station|Gloucester Road]] to the [[District Railway]] (DR). From 1871, the MR and the DR operated a joint ''Inner Circle'' service between Mansion House and Moorgate Street.{{sfn|Rose|2007}}{{#tag:ref|After further extensions by the Metropolitan Railway to [[Liverpool Street station|Liverpool Street]] (1875), [[Aldgate tube station|Aldgate]] (1876) and [[Tower of London tube station|Tower of London]] (1882), the Inner Circle was completed in 1884.{{sfn|Rose|2007}}|group=note}}
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=== Bakerloo and Jubilee lines ===
[[File:Baker Street & Waterloo Railway1893.png|thumb|200px|Route diagram which shows the original route between Baker Street and Waterloo.]]
In November 1891, a [[Local and Personal Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom|private bill]] was presented to Parliament for the construction of the [[Baker Street and Waterloo Railway]] (BS&WR).<ref name="LG_01">{{London Gazette |issue=26225 |date=20 November 1891 |pages=6145–6147 }}</ref> The railway was planned to run entirely underground from [[Marylebone station|Marylebone]]<ref name="1896_Act">{{London Gazette |issue=26767 |date=11 August 1896 |pages=4572–4573 }}</ref> to [[Elephant & Castle tube station|Elephant & Castle]]{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|pp=84–85}} via Baker Street and [[Waterloo tube station|Waterloo]]<ref name="LG_01" /> and was approved in 1900.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=56}}<ref name="1900_act">{{London Gazette |issue=27218 |date=7 August 1900 |pages=4857–4858 }}</ref> Construction commenced in August 1898{{sfn|Wolmar|2004|p=168}} under the direction of Sir [[Benjamin Baker (engineer)|Benjamin Baker]], W. R. Galbraith and R. F. Church<ref name="Lee-March1956">{{cite magazine |last=Lee |first=Charles E. |date=March 1956a |title=Jubilee of the Bakerloo Railway – 1 |magazine=The Railway Magazine |pages=149–156}}</ref> with building work by Perry & Company of Tredegar Works, [[Bow, London|Bow]].<ref name="Lee-March1956" />{{refn|By November 1899, the northbound tunnel reached Trafalgar Square and work on some of the station sites was started, but the collapse of the L&GFC in 1900 led to works gradually coming to a halt. When the UERL was formed in April 1902, 50 per cent of the tunnelling and 25 per cent of the station work was completed.<ref name="progress_02">{{cite news |date=10 April 1902 |title=The Underground Electric Railways Company Of London (Limited) |newspaper= [[The Times]] |issue=36738 |page=12 |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/393/804/42116361w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS201779850&dyn=13!xrn_31_0_CS201779850&hst_1? |access-date=2 December 2015 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> With funds in place, work restarted and proceeded at a rate of {{convert|73|ft|m|2}} per week,.{{sfn|Day|Reed|2008|p=69}} By February 1904, most of the tunnels and underground parts of the stations between Elephant & Castle and Marylebone were complete and works on the station buildings were in progress.<ref name="progress_04">{{cite news |date=17 February 1904 |issue=37319 |page=14 |access-date=2 December 2015 |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/393/804/42116361w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS235204177&dyn=21!xrn_4_0_CS235204177&hst_1? |newspaper= [[The Times]] |title=Railway And Other Companies – Baker Street and Waterloo Railway |url-access=subscription}}</ref> The additional stations were incorporated as work continued elsewhere.{{sfn|Wolmar|2004|p=173}}|group=note}} Test trains began running in 1905.{{sfn|Wolmar|2004|p=173}} The official opening of the BS&WR by [[Edwin Cornwall|Sir Edwin Cornwall]] took place on 10 March 1906.{{sfn|Horne|2001|p=17}} The first section of the BS&WR was between Baker Street and [[Lambeth North tube station|Lambeth North]].<ref name=culgbakerloo>{{cite web |last=Feather |first=Clive |access-date=2 December 2015 |work=Clive's Underground Line Guides |title=Bakerloo line |url=http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/bakerloo.html |date=30 December 2014 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208204450/http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/bakerloo.html}}</ref> Baker Street was the temporary northern terminus of the line until it was extended to Marylebone on 27 March 1907, a year after the rest of the line.{{sfn|Rose|2007}}<ref name=culgbakerloo /> The
On 1 July 1933, the MR and BS&WR amalgamated with other Underground railways, tramway companies and bus operators to form the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB), and the MR became the Metropolitan line, while the BS&WR became the Bakerloo line of [[London Transport (brand)|London Transport]].<ref name="LPTA">{{London Gazette
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=== Sub-surface platforms ===
[[File:BakerStTilework fxcr wb.jpg|thumb|
Of the MR's original stations, now the Circle and Hammersmith & City line platforms five and six are the best preserved dating from the station's opening in 1863. Plaques of the Metropolitan Railway's coat of arms along the platform and old plans and photographs depict the station which has changed remarkably little in over a hundred and fifty years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://150greatthingsabouttheunderground.com/2013/01/06/76-the-original-platforms-at-baker-street/|title=76. The original platforms at Baker Street|last=Jones|first=Ian|date=6 January 2013|work=150 Great Things About the Underground|access-date=10 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410085343/http://150greatthingsabouttheunderground.com/2013/01/06/76-the-original-platforms-at-baker-street/|archive-date=10 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Restoration work in the 1980s on the oldest portions of Baker Street station brought it back to something similar to its 1863 appearance.
The Metropolitan line's platforms one to four were largely the result of the station's rebuild in the 1920s to cater for the increase in traffic on its outer suburban routes. Today the basic layout remains the same with platforms two and three being through tracks for City services to Aldgate from Amersham, Chesham and Uxbridge flanked by terminal platforms one and four which are the domain of services to and from Watford. The northern end of the platforms is in a cutting being surrounded by Chiltern Court and Selbie House the latter of which houses Baker Street control centre responsible for signalling the Metropolitan line from Preston Road to Aldgate, as well as the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines between Baker Street and Aldgate. The southern end of the platforms are situated in a cut and cover tunnel which runs towards Great Portland Street. All Metropolitan line platforms can function as terminating tracks however under normal circumstance only dead ended platforms one and four are used as such.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/llangollen_signalman/albums/72157632671559016|title=Baker Street Control Room|website=Flickr|language=en-us|access-date=5 April 2017|date=November 2009}}</ref>
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The Bakerloo line uses platforms eight and nine which date from 10 March 1906 when the Baker Street & Waterloo railway opened between here and [[Lambeth North tube station|Lambeth North]] (then called Kennington Road). The contraction of the name to "Bakerloo" rapidly caught on, and the official name was changed to match in July 1906.
By the mid-1930s, the [[Metropolitan line]] was suffering from congestion caused by the limited capacity of its tracks between Baker Street and [[Finchley Road tube station|Finchley Road]] stations. To relieve this pressure, the network-wide ''[[New Works Programme]], 1935–1940'' included the construction of new sections of tunnel between the Bakerloo line's platforms at Baker Street and Finchley Road and the replacement of three Metropolitan line stations ([[Lord's tube station|Lord's]], [[Marlborough Road tube station|Marlborough Road]] and [[Swiss Cottage (Metropolitan line) tube station|Swiss Cottage]]) between those points with two new Bakerloo stations ([[St John's Wood tube station|St John's Wood]] and [[Swiss Cottage tube station|Swiss Cottage]]). The Bakerloo line also took over the Metropolitan line's service to [[Stanmore tube station|Stanmore]] on 20 November 1939. The branch remained part of the Bakerloo line until 1 May 1979, when similar congestion problems for the Bakerloo line caused by the two branches converging at Baker Street led to the opening of the [[Jubilee line]], initially created by connecting the Stanmore branch to new tunnels bored between Baker Street and [[Charing Cross tube station|Charing Cross]]. Following refurbishment in the 1980s the original tiling scheme was replaced with tiles depicting the silhouette of Sherlock Holmes who lived at [[221B
The Bakerloo still maintains its connection with the now Jubilee line tracks to Stanmore with tunnels linking from Northbound Bakerloo line platform nine to the Northbound Jubilee line toward [[St John's Wood tube station|St John's Wood]] and Southbound from Jubilee line platform seven to the Southbound Bakerloo line towards [[Regent's Park tube station|Regent's Park]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=London Underground Junction Diagrams|publisher=London Underground|year=2015|url=https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/257157/response/638159/attach/3/Junction%20Diagrams.pdf|page=2}}</ref> Although no passenger services operate over these sections they can be used for the transfer of engineering trains and was used to transfer Bakerloo line [[London Underground 1972 Stock|1972 stock]] trains to and from [[Acton Works]] as part of a refurbishment programme.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.railengineer.uk/2016/07/27/london-underground-train-life-extension/|title=London Underground train life extension|date=27 July 2016|website=Rail Engineer|access-date=5 April 2017|archive-date=22 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113803/https://www.railengineer.uk/2016/07/27/london-underground-train-life-extension/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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=== Bakerloo line ===
[[File:2010-10-13-london-by-RalfR-037.jpg|200px|thumb|
On the Bakerloo line, Baker Street station is between [[Regent's Park tube station|Regent's Park]] and [[Marylebone station|Marylebone]].<ref name=tubemap /> Trains can terminate at [[Queen's Park (London) station|Queen's Park]], [[Stonebridge Park tube station|Stonebridge Park]], or [[Harrow and Wealdstone tube station|Harrow and Wealdstone]] to the north, and [[Piccadilly Circus tube station|Piccadilly Circus]], [[Lambeth North tube station|Lambeth North]] or [[Elephant & Castle tube station|Elephant & Castle]] to the south.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/bakerloo.html#services |title=CULG – Bakerloo Line |publisher=Clive's UndergrounD Line Guides |website=Davros.org |date=20 June 2017 |access-date=14 July 2017}}</ref>
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=== Jubilee line ===
[[File:Baker_Street_tube_station_MMB_18_1996_Stock.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A northbound Jubilee line train stands at Platform 10.|alt=A couple is seen hugging and kissing on the Jubilee line platform.]]
*
* 12tph Northbound to Stanmore
*
*
*
The [[Night Tube|Night tube]] service (Friday night to Saturday morning & Saturday night to Sunday morning) in trains per hour is:<ref name=":0" />
* 6tph Southbound to Stratford
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=== Metropolitan line ===
[[File:Metropolitan line A60 and S Stocks by Tom Page.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Old versus new: A60 stock on the left and S8 stock on the right. |alt=A southbound A60 stock Metropolitan line train stands on Platform 3. A terminating S8 stock train is on Platform 4 on the right.]]
[[File:At London 2024 100.jpg|thumb|right|The Metropolitan line platforms viewed from above, with a train at platform 1]]
The Metropolitan line is the only line to operate an express service although currently this is mostly southbound in the morning peaks and northbound in the evening peaks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/watford-guide-dec18.pdf|title=Watford Tube Guide|publisher=Transport for London|access-date=6 July 2019}}</ref> Southbound fast services run non-stop between [[Moor Park tube station|Moor Park]], [[Harrow-on-the-Hill station|Harrow-on-the-Hill]] and [[Finchley Road tube station|Finchley Road]] whilst semi-fast services run non stop between Harrow-on-the-Hill and Finchley Road. Northbound fast and semi-fast services call additionally at [[Wembley Park tube station|Wembley Park]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/metropolitan.html#services|title=CULG – Metropolitan Line|website=www.davros.org|access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref>
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== Connections ==
== Points of interest ==
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*[[Madame Tussauds]]
*[[Sherlock Holmes Museum]]
*[[Statue of Sherlock Holmes, London]]<ref name="reid19990922">{{Cite news |last=Reid |first=T.R. |author-link=T.R. Reid |date=22 September 1999 |title= Sherlock Holmes honored with statue near fictional London home |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xA8hAAAAIBAJ&pg=2790,5166715&dq=statue+sherlock-holmes+london&hl=en |access-date=6 January 2013 |work=The Day |location= New London, CT |pages=A4 |agency=The Washington Post |via=Google News}}</ref>
== In popular culture ==
The Metropolitan Bar above Baker Street station is featured in ''[[Metro-Land (1973 film)|Metro-Land]]'', a 1973 documentary film by [[John Betjeman]] in which he reminiscences about its genteel origins as the Chiltern Court Restaurant, which formed part of the block, [[Chiltern Court, Baker Street|Chiltern Court]], which Clark constructed above the station.<ref name="betjeman">{{cite book |last1=Betjeman |first1=John |last2=Games |first2=Stephen |title=Betjeman's England |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ksLVs3ItiNQC&q=chiltern%20court%20restaurant%20baker%20street%20metroland&pg=PT210 |publisher=John Murray Press |access-date=9 September 2019 |language=en |date=4 February 2010|isbn=9781848543805 }}</ref><ref name="bradley-chiltern" />
== See also ==
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*{{cite book |title=New and Old London: Volume 5|first=Edward|last=Walford|year=1878|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45233|publisher=British History Online|access-date= 3 July 2012}}
*{{cite book |last=Wolmar|first=Christian|author-link=Christian Wolmar|year=2004|title=The Subterranean Railway: how the London Underground was built and how it changed the city forever|publisher=Atlantic|isbn=1-84354-023-1}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite magazine|title=The Queen visits Baker Street|magazine=The Railway Magazine|page=9|issue=1345|volume=159|date=May 2013|location=Horncastle|publisher=Mortons Media Group|issn=0033-8923|oclc=750645684}}
== External links ==
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{{Transport in London}}
[[Category:1863 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Bakerloo line stations]]
[[Category:Circle line (London Underground) stations]]
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[[Category:Grade II* listed buildings in the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Charles Walter Clark railway stations]]
[[Category:Baker Street]]
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