Wikipedia

User:Quake1234/sandbox: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Remove content under request by User:Dora the Axe-plorer. I used these sandboxes to test out my creativity and improve editing for actual earthquakes on Wikipedia. But I'm gonna be a real one and follow the rules.
 
(26 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1:
<!--
{{Infobox earthquake
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:90%;"
| name = 2024 Punjab earthquake
|+Damage and casualty assessment statistics by prefecture (as of 9 March 2021){{efn|Includes only larger communities or areas with casualties and/or at least one severely damaged house}}<ref name="official deaths as of 2021-03-09"/>
| image = Tabah Shuda Ghar-Zalzala Kashmir.jpg
! Prefecture
| map2 = {{Location map | Pakistan
! Area
|relief=1
! Fatalities
| label=
! Missing
| lat=31.605
! Injuries
| long=71.760
! Destroyed houses
| mark=Bullseye1.png
! Badly damaged houses
| marksize=50
! Slightly damaged houses
| position=top
! Affected public buildings
| width= 260
! Other damaged structures
| float=right
! Fires
| caption=}}
| alt =
| caption = Collapsed houses in Beruli, [[Mianwali]]
| map = <!-- file name only -->
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = <!-- as per Template:Location map -->
| timestamp = 2024-06-16 21:47:21
| isc-event =
| anss-url =
| local-date = 17 June 2024
| local-time = 02:47:21 [[Pakistan Standard Time|PKT]]
| duration =
| magnitude = 8.1 {{M|w|link=y}}<br>7.9 {{M|ww|link=y}}
| depth = {{convert|18.2|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| location = {{coord|3.980|S|152.169|E}}
| type = [[Fault (geology)|Strike-slip]]
| affected = northern and eastern [[Pakistan]]
| intensity = {{MMI|8}}
| pga = <!--1.83 ''[[Peak ground acceleration|g]]''-->
| damage = <!--US$34.5 billion-->
| tsunami =
| fault =
| landslide =
| foreshocks =
| aftershocks =
| casualties = 140+ fatalities, 2,985+ injuries
}}
On 17 June 2024, at 02:47:21 PKT (21:47 UTC on 16 June), an earthquake of {{M|ww}} 7.9 struck northern and eastern Pakistan. The epicenter was {{Cvt|13|km|mi}} northwest of [[Mahni]], in [[Bhakkar District]].<ref>Ref</ref> It had a maximum [[Modified Mercalli intensity]] of VIII (''Severe'').<ref>Ref</ref>
 
The {{M|ww|link=y}} 7.9 earthquake is the largest in Pakistan since the [[1945 Balochistan earthquake]], and the third-largest in the country.<ref>Ref</ref> It is also one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded in [[South Asia]].<ref>Ref</ref> It was felt as far as [[Russia]] and [[Yemen]].<ref>Ref</ref>
==Tectonic setting==
The primary tectonic feature of the {{convert|1200|km|abbr=on}} island chain is the New Hebrides Subduction Zone, the [[Convergent boundary|convergent]] boundary of the Indo-Australian and [[Pacific Plate]]s. Along the [[Wadati–Benioff zone]], earthquake activity has been observed as shallow, intermediate, and [[Deep-focus earthquake|deep-focus]] events at depths of up to {{convert|700|km|abbr=on}}. Volcanic activity is also present along this north-northwest trending and northeast-[[Strike and dip|dipping]] [[oceanic trench]].<ref>Ref</ref>
 
While much of the [[island arc]] experiences intermediate-depth earthquakes along a Wadati–Benioff zone that dips steeply at 70°, the area adjacent to the [[d'Entrecasteaux Ridge]] does not. There is a corresponding gap in seismicity that occurs below {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}} where it intrudes into the subduction zone from the west. According to the NUVEL-1 global relative plate motion model, convergence is occurring at roughly {{convert|8|cm|abbr=on}} per year. The uncertainty, which also affects the Tonga arc, is due to the influence of [[Divergent boundary|spreading]] at the [[North Fiji Basin]].<ref>Ref</ref>
==Earthquake==
The [[United States Geological Survey]] measured the earthquake at moment magnitude 7.9 ({{M|ww|link=y}}). The epicenter was located in [[Bhakkar District]], in a fairly remote area of Punjab Province.<ref>Ref</ref> The shock had a focal mechanism corresponding to shallow strike-slip faulting.<ref>Ref</ref> Rupturing occurred on either a northeast–southwest striking, northwest dipping or northeast–southwest striking, northeast dipping fault.<ref>Ref</ref> The USGS estimated a rupture dimension of 202 km long and 14 km wide, with a maximum slip of {{cvt|10.1|m|ft}}.<ref>Ref</ref>
===Intensity===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.3em"
|-
| rowspan="6"|[[Akita Prefecture|Akita]]
![[JMA seismic intensity|Intensity]]
|[[Akita (city)|Akita]]
!Country
| -
!Location
| -
|5
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|1
|-
|[[Noshiro, Akita|Noshiro]]
! style="background:#c80f0a; color:white;"|X
| -
|Pakistan
| -
|[[Mandhra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Mandhra]], [[Khansar, Pakistan|Khansar]], [[Mahni]], [[Chund Bharwana]], [[Nawan Lahore]], [[Painsra]]
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Yokote, Akita|Yokote]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Yuzawa, Akita|Yuzawa]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
|-
|-
|[[Daisen, Akita|Daisen]]
| -
| -
|2
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Ugo, Akita|Ugo]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
! colspan="2"|Total
!
!
!11
!
!
! 5
! -
! -
!1
|-
| rowspan="15"|[[Aomori Prefecture|Aomori]]
|[[Aomori]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|1
|-
|[[Hirosaki]]
| -
| -
|17
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|2
|-
|[[Hachinohe]]
|1
|1
|71
|254
|624
|851
| -
|1,146
|7
|-
|[[Goshogawara]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Towada]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Misawa, Aomori|Misawa]]
|2
| -
|1
|19
|22
|40
| -
|102
| -
|-
|[[Mutsu, Aomori|Mustu]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Fujisaki, Aomori|Fujisaki]]
| -
| -
|5
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Tōhoku, Aomori|Tōhoku]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Rokkasho]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Oirase]]
| -
| -
|3
|23
|46
|76
| -
|146
| -
|-
|[[Sannohe]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Gonohe]]
| -
| -
|5
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Nanbu, Aomori|Nanbu]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Hashikami]]
| -
| -
| -
|12
|9
|33
| -
|7
| -
|-
! colspan="2"|Total
!3
!1
!110
!308
!701
!1,005
! -
!1,402
!11
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Hokkaido]]
|[[Hakodate]]
|1
| -
|1
| -
| -
| 4
| 1
| -
| 3
|-
|[[Tomakomai]]
! style="background:#f7100c; color:white;"|IX
| -
|Pakistan
| -
|[[Jhang]], [[Mari Shah Sakhira]], [[Mandi Shah Jeewna]], [[Bhakkar]], [[Darya Khan]], [[Dera Ismail Khan]], [[Paharpur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Paharpur]], [[Dijkot]], [[Dullewala]]
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|1
|-
|[[Eniwa, Hokkaido|Eniwa]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
! colspan="2"|Total
!1
! -
!3
! -
!4
!7
!17
!452
!4
|-
| rowspan="27"|[[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]]
|[[Morioka]]
|6
| -
|10
| -
|9
|984
| -
|4
|1
|-
|[[Miyako, Iwate|Miyako]]
|475
|94
|33
|2,677
|1,328
|444
|70
| -
|2
|-
|[[Ōfunato]]
|423
|79
|2
|2,791
|1,147
|1,654
|80
| -
|3
|-
|[[Hanamaki, Iwate|Hanamaki]]
|1
| -
|20
|6
|60
|1,028
|95
| -
|-
|[[Kitakami, Iwate|Kitakami]]
|1
| -
|34
|30
|460
|1,498
|16
|89
|1
|-
|[[Kuji, Iwate|Kuji]]
|4
|2
|10
|65
|213
|339
|17
|584
|1
|-
|[[Tōno, Iwate|Tōno]]
|4
|1
|4
| -
|4
|622
|6
|246
| -
|-
|[[Ichinoseki, Iwate|Ichinoseki]]
|15
|2
|35
|57
|737
|3,364
| -
|1,292
|2
|-
|[[Rikuzentakata, Iwate|Rikuzentakata]]
|1,606
|202
| -
|3,807
|240
|3,988
|61
| -
|1
|-
|[[Kamaishi, Iwate|Kamaishi]]
|994
|152
| -
|2,957
|699
|1,048
|89
| -
|5
|-
|[[Ninohe, Iwate|Ninohe]]
| -
| -
|1
|2
| -
|38
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Ōshū, Iwate|Ōshū]]
|3
|1
|21
|51
|414
|2,962
| -
|460
|7
|-
|[[Takizawa, Iwate|Takizawa]]
|1
| -
| -
|1
|12
|266
|27
|82
| -
|-
|[[Shizukuishi]]
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
|5
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Shiwa, Iwate|Shiwa]]
| -
| -
|3
| -
| -
|113
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Yahaba, Iwate|Yahaba]]
|1
| -
|1
| -
| -
|151
| -
|1
| -
|-
|[[Kanegasaki, Iwate|Kanegasaki]]
| -
| -
|4
| -
| -
|12
|23
|4
| -
|-
|[[Hiraizumi]]
| -
| -
|2
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Sumita, Iwate|Sumita]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Ōtsuchi, Iwate|Ōtsuchi]]
|856
|416
| -
|3,579
|588
|208
|10
| -
|1
|-
|[[Yamada, Iwate|Yamada]]
|687
|145
| -
|2,762
|405
|202
|65
| -
|7
|-
|[[Iwaizumi, Iwate|Iwaizumi]]
|10
| -
| -
|177
|23
|8
|15
|185
| -
|-
|[[Tanohata, Iwate|Tanohata]]
|17
|15
| -
|225
|45
|11
|16
|311
| -
|-
|[[Fudai, Iwate|Fudai]]
| -
|1
|4
| -
| -
| -
|16
|158
| -
|-
|[[Noda, Iwate|Noda]]
|39
| -
|19
|311
|168
|36
| -
|505
|1
|-
|[[Hirono, Iwate|Hirono]]
| -
| -
| -
|10
|16
|39
|18
|161
| -
|-
|[[Ichinohe, Iwate|Ichinohe]]
|1
| -
| -
| -
|3
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
! colspan="2"|Total
!5,145
!1,111
!213
!19,508
!6,571
!19,065
!529
!4,178
!33
|-
| rowspan="34"|[[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]]
|[[Sendai]]
|923
|27
|2,277
|30,034
|109,609
|116,046
| -
| -
|37
|-
|[[Ishinomaki]]
|3,553
|418
| -
|20,044
|13,049
|19,948
| -
| -
|24
|-
|[[Shiogama]]
|42
| -
|11
|672
|3,278
|6,993
| -
|1,615
|7
|-
|[[Kesennuma]]
|1,218
|214
| -
|8,483
|2,571
|4,761
| colspan="2"|9,605
|8
|-
|[[Shiroishi, Miyagi|Shiroishi]]
|1
| -
|18
|40
|566
|2,171
| -
| -
|1
|-
|[[Natori, Miyagi|Natori]]
|954
|38
|208
|2,801
|1,129
|10,061
| -
|1,419
|12
|-
|[[Kakuda, Miyagi|Kakuda]]
| -
| -
|4
|13
|158
|1,036
| -
|15
| -
|-
|[[Tagajō]]
|219
| -
| -
|1,746
|3,730
|6,166
| -
| -
|16
|-
|[[Iwanuma]]
|186
|1
|293
|736
|1,606
|3,086
|15
|3,111
|1
|-
|[[Tome, Miyagi|Tome]]
|10
|3
|52
|201
|1,801
|3,362
|28
|795
|6
|-
|[[Kurihara, Miyagi|Kurihara]]
|1
| -
|550
|58
|372
|4,552
|2
|46
| -
|-
|[[Higashimatsushima]]
|1,132
|23
|121
|5,519
|5,558
|3,504
| -
|937
|2
|-
|[[Ōsaki, Miyagi|Ōsaki]]
|7
| -
|226
|596
|2,434
|9,138
|71
|257
|3
|-
|[[Tomiya, Miyagi|Tomiya]]
|1
| -
|32
|16
|537
|5,305
| -
| -
|1
|-
|[[Zaō, Miyagi|Zaō]]
| -
| -
| -
|16
|156
|1,143
| -
|113
| -
|-
|[[Ōgawara, Miyagi|Ōgawara]]
|2
| -
|1
|10
|148
|1,333
| -
|117
| -
|-
|[[Murata, Miyagi|Murata]]
|1
| -
|1
|9
|116
|652
|1
|12
|1
|-
|[[Shibata, Miyagi|Shibata]]
|5
| -
|4
|13
|189
|1,707
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Kawasaki, Miyagi|Kawasaki]]
| -
| -
|3
| -
|14
|460
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Marumori, Miyagi|Marumori]]
| -
| -
|1
|1
|38
|513
| colspan="2"|22
|1
|-
|[[Watari, Miyagi|Watari]]
|283
|4
|45
|2,389
|1,150
|2,048
|60
|2,960
|3
|-
|[[Yamamoto, Miyagi|Yamamoto]]
|701
|17
|90
|2,217
|1,085
|1,138
| -
|339
| -
|-
|[[Matsushima, Miyagi|Matsushima]]
|7
| -
|37
|221
|1,785
|1,561
|3
|122
|2
|-
|[[Shichigahama]]
|79
|2
| -
|674
|650
|2,605
|11
|632
| -
|-
|[[Rifu]]
|2
| -
|4
|56
|901
|3,564
| -
|166
| -
|-
|[[Taiwa, Miyagi|Taiwa]]
|1
|1
|7
|42
|268
|2,791
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Ōsato, Miyagi|Ōsato]]
|1
| -
|5
|50
|274
|791
|5
|205
| -
|-
|[[Ōhira, Miyagi|Ōhira]]
| -
| -
|4
| -
|19
|764
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Shikama, Miyagi|Shikama]]
| -
| -
|9
| -
|15
|215
|1
|17
| -
|-
|[[Kami, Miyagi|Kami]]
| -
| -
|33
|8
|35
|749
| -
|22
| -
|-
|[[Wakuya]]
|1
|1
|45
|144
|735
|1,034
|2
|541
| -
|-
|[[Misato, Miyagi|Misato]]
|2
| -
|67
|129
|627
|3,130
|2
|1,703
|2
|-
|[[Onagawa, Miyagi|Onagawa]]
|615
|257
| -
|2,924
|349
|661
|106
|1,484
|5
|-
|[[Minamisanriku]]
|620
|211
| -
|3,143
|178
|1,204
|14
|220
|5
|-
! colspan="2"|Total
!10,567
!1,217
!4,148
!83,005
!155,130
!224,202
!9,948
!16,848
!137
|-
| rowspan="11"|[[Yamagata Prefecture|Yamagata]]
|[[Yamagata (city)|Yamagata]]
|1
| -
|17
| -
|5
|812
| -
| -
|1
|-
|[[Shinjō, Yamagata|Shinjō]]
| -
| -
| 9
| -
| -
| 9
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Kaminoyama]]
| -
| -
| 5
| -
| -
| 18
| -
| 6
| -
|-
|[[Nagai, Yamagata|Nagai]]
| 1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 14
| -
| 1
| -
|-
|[[Obanazawa]]
|1
| -
|4
| -
|1
|171
| -
|3
| -
|-
|[[Nan'yō, Yamagata|Nan'yō]]
| -
| -
|1
| -
|1
|12
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Nakayama, Yamagata|Nakayama]]
! style="background:#fa8a11;"|VIII
| -
|Pakistan
| -
|[[Faisalabad]], [[Gojra]], [[Jaranwala]], [[Rodu Sultan]], [[Mankera]], [[Kalurkot]], [[Kundian]], [[Khurrianwala]]
|1
| -
|4
|62
| -
|33
| -
|-
|[[Kahoku, Yamagata|Kahoku]]
! style="background:#fac611;"|VII
| -
|Pakistan
| -
|[[Sargodha]], [[Sahiwal]], [[Khushab]], [[Jauharabad]], [[Chiniot]], [[Pindi Bhattian]], [[Sangla Hill Tehsil|Sangla Hill]], [[Shah Kot Tehsil|Shahkot]], [[Tandlianwala]], [[Kamalia]], [[Pir Mahal]], [[Tank (city)|Tank]], [[Kulachi]], [[Mianwali]], [[Lakki Marwat]]
|2
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Ōishida]]
! style="background:#f9f518;"|VI
| -
|Pakistan
| -
|[[Gujranwala]], [[Lahore]], [[Sheikhupura]], [[Hafizabad]], [[Okara, Pakistan|Okara]], [[Sahiwal]], [[Multan]], [[Khanewal]], [[Bhalwal]], [[Kalabagh]]
|1
| -
| -
|28
| -
|2
| -
|-
|[[Kaneyama, Yamagata|Kaneyama]]
! rowspan="3" style="background:#7bc87f;"|V
| -
|Pakistan
| -
|[[Islamabad]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Kohat]], [[Peshawar]], [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]], [[Sialkot]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan]], [[Muzaffargarh]], [[Bahawalpur]]
|2
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|[[Kawanishi, Yamagata|Kawanishi]]
|India
| -
|[[Amritsar]], [[Batala]], [[Abohar]], [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]], [[Sri Ganganagar]]
| -
|1
| -
|1
|4
| -
|11
| -
|-
! colspan="2"|Total
|Afghanistan
!3
|[[Khost Province|Khost]], [[Paktika Province|Paktika]]
! -
! 45
! -
! 14
! 1,249
! 8
! 124
! 2
|-
|}
-->
 
==Impact==
===Mianwali===
In [[Mianwali]], 140 people were killed and 2,975 were injured.<ref>Ref</ref> At least 1,765 buildings were destroyed and 5,841 more were damaged in the city.<ref>Ref</ref> The collapse of a six-story residential building killed 53 people, including four children.<ref>Ref</ref> A section of road collapsed into a nearby river, damaging 12 vehicles and a utility pole.<ref>Ref</ref> The village of Beruli was among the most severely affected areas of the city, with 458 houses destroyed and 45 people killed.<ref>Ref</ref>
===Khyber Pakhtunkhwa===
In [[Jandola]], 300 houses were destroyed or severely damaged, displacing 2,200 people.<ref>Ref</ref> Seven people were injured and 1,815 houses were damaged in [[Musakhail District]].<ref>Ref</ref> In [[Upper Dir District]], three people were injured by a collapsing wall, and 30 houses were damaged.<ref>Ref</ref>
===Estimations of losses===
According to a professor of geophysics at the [[Pakistan Meteorological Department]], the death toll could be higher than the [[2005 Kashimr earthquake]], in which over 87,300 people died.<ref>Ref</ref> The USGS' [[PAGER]] service estimated a 45 percent probability of deaths between 1,000 and 10,000 and 32 percent probability of deaths between 10,000 and 100,000. The service estimated a 35 percent probability of economical losses between US $10 billion and US $100 billion.<ref>Ref</ref> Meanwhile, Risklayer estimated a death toll of between 95,600 and 454,200, and an economic loss of around $60 billion USD.<ref>Ref</ref>
==Response==
President [[Asif Ali Zardari]] said that search and rescue teams were immediately dispatched to the affected area.<ref>Ref</ref> Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi urged residents to refrain from entering damaged buildings.<ref>Ref</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of earthquakes in Pakistan]]
* [[List of earthquakes in 2024]]
 
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Quake1234/sandbox"