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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
 
[[File:2015 Mazda MX-5 ND 2.0 SKYACTIV-G 160 i-ELOOP Rubinrot-Metallic Vorderansicht.jpg|thumb|[[Mazda MX-5]], one of the world's best-selling sports cars<ref>{{cite web |url= http://wot.motortrend.com/mazda-produces-900000th-mx-5-recognized-worlds-best-selling-sports-car-28207.html |title=Mazda Produces 900,000th MX-5, Recognized as World's Best-Selling Sports Car |last=Diehlman |first=Steve |date=4 February 2011 |work=Motor Trend |quote=Today Mazda announced a new milestone for the popular MX-5 roadster, with the 900,000th unit rolling off the production line. In doing so, it is also recognized by Guinness World Records as the best-selling sports car. |access-date=10 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150920053935/http://wot.motortrend.com/mazda-produces-900000th-mx-5-recognized-worlds-best-selling-sports-car-28207.html |archive-date=20 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Citecite web |title=Best-selling convertible two-seater sports car |url= https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/best-selling-car-two-seater-sports}}</ref> ]]
[[File:1996_Porsche_911_993_GT2_-_Flickr_-_The_Car_Spy_(4).jpg|thumb|1996 [[Porsche GT2|Porsche 911 GT2]], a model [[Homologation (motorsport)|homologated]] for [[sports car racing]]]]
 
A '''sports car''' is a type of [[car]] that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as [[Automobile handling|handling]], acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and [[Auto racing|racing]] capability. Sports cars originated in [[Europe]] in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
 
==Definition==
Definitions of sports cars often relate to how the car design is optimised for dynamic performance,<ref>{{cite magazine|first1=Csaba |last1=Csere |first2=Tony |last2=Swan |title=10 Best Cars: Best Luxury Sports Car |magazine=Car and Driver |date=January 2005 |url= http://www.caranddriver.com/bestcars/8924/10best-cars-best-luxury-sports-car.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071020043852/http://www.caranddriver.com/bestcars/8924/10best-cars-best-luxury-sports-car.html |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |edition=Fifth |year=2011 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing |isbn=9780547041018 }}</ref> without any specific minimum requirements; both a [[Triumph Spitfire]] and [[Ferrari 488 Pista]] can be considered sports cars, despite vastly different levels of performance. Broader definitions of sports cars include cars "in which performance takes precedence over carrying capacity",<ref name="curbsideclassic.com">{{cite web |title=The Best Definition of the Term 'Sports Car'? And the First American Sports Car |date=8 February 2017 |url= http://www.curbsideclassic.com/blog/history/the-best-definition-of-the-term-sports-car-and-the-first-american-sports-car/ |access-date=23 May 2019}}</ref> or that emphasise the "thrill of driving"<ref>{{cite book |last=Donovan |first=Sandra |title=Sports Cars |publisher=Lerner Publications |year=2007 |url= https://archive.org/details/sportscars0000dono |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-8225-5928-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/sportscars0000dono/page/4 4]}}</ref> or are marketed "using the excitement of speed and the glamour of the (race)track"<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zFtu7gFTWEEC&pg=PA8 |title=Sports Cars |last=Mann |first=James |publisher=BMI Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=9780760340288 |page=8 |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> However, other people have more specific definitions, such as "must be a two-seater or a 2+2 seater"<ref>{{cite web |title=Definitions: What is a Sports Car? |url= http://sportsandexoticcars.com/what-is-a-sportscar/ |website=sportsandexoticcars.com |access-date=23 May 2019}}</ref> or a car with two seats only.<ref name="Merriam-Webster">{{cite web |url= http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sports+car |title=Sports car |website=Merriam-Webster.com |quote=Full definition: a low small usually 2-passenger automobile designed for quick response, easy maneuverability, and high-speed driving |access-date=10 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170959/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sports+car |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sports-car |title= Sports car |quote= Definition: a production car designed for speed, high acceleration, and manoeuvrability, having a low body and usually adequate seating for only two persons. |publisher=Collins Dictionary |access-date=10 March 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183046/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sports-car |archive-date= 3 March 2016}}</ref>
 
In the United Kingdom, early recorded usage of the "sports car" was in ''The Times'' newspaper in 1919.<ref name = TT42255>{{cite news |title=Motor Show. Development of the Sporting Car. |newspaper=The Times |location=London, England |date=12 November 1919 |page=6 |issue=42255}}</ref> The first known use of the term in the United States was in 1928.<ref name="Merriam-Webster"/> Sports cars started to become popular during the 1920s.<ref>{{cite book |quote=Only it seems after the [[World War I|Great War]] can we expect to find a general acceptance of the fact that there were on the roads both [[touring car]]s and sports cars. |first1=Michael |last1=Klemantaski |last2=Frostick |first2=Michael |date=1956 |title=Racing Sports Cars |publisher=Hamish Hamilton}}</ref> The term initially described two-seat [[Roadster (automobile)|roadsters]] (cars without a fixed roof), however, since the 1970s the term has also been used for cars with a fixed roof (which were previously considered [[grand tourer]]s).<ref name="roadandtrack.com"/>
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== Common characteristics ==
===Seating layout===
[[File:FerrariPorsche 458911 SpiderCarrera at2 the- FrankfurtFlickr Motor- ShowThe IAACar 2011Spy (61437168915).jpg|thumbthumbnail |2-seat+2 layout ([[Ferrari 458|Ferrari 458Porsche Spyder911]])]]
[[File:Porsche 911 Carrera 2 - Flickr - The Car Spy (5).jpg|thumbnail |left |2+2 layout ([[Porsche 911]])]]
 
Traditionally, the most common layout for sports cars was a [[roadster (automobile)|roadster]] (a two-seat car without a fixed roof),.<ref>{{cite magazine|url= http://www.roadandtrack.com/article.asp?section_id=31&article_id=1949 |title=Best All-Around Sports Car |magazine=Road & Track |date=March 2005 |first=Sam |last=Mitani |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070213215114/http://www.roadandtrack.com/article.asp?section_id=31&article_id=1949&print_page=y |archive-date=13 February 2007 |access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref> howeverHowever, there are also several examples of early sports cars with four seats.<ref name="curbsideclassic.com"/>
 
Sports cars are not usually intended to regularly transport more than two adult occupants regularly, so most modern sports cars are usuallygenerally two-seat layout or [[2+2 (car body style)|2+2 layout]] (two smaller rear seats for children or occasional adult use). Larger cars with more spacious rear-seat accommodation are usually considered [[sports sedan]]s rather than sports cars.
 
The 1993-1998 [[McLaren F1]] is notable for using a three-seat layout, where the front row consists of a centrally-located driver's seat.
 
=== Engine and drivetrain layout ===
The location of the engine and driven wheels significantly influence the [[Automobile handling|handling]] characteristics of a car and are therefore importantcrucial in the design of a sports car.<ref>{{cite press release|url= https://newsroom.porsche.com/en/christophorus/porsche-924-944-968-928-transaxle-era-history-museum-exhibition-12537.html |title=When Porsche redefined itself |work=Porsche Newsroom |access-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180427210401/https://newsroom.porsche.com/en/christophorus/porsche-924-944-968-928-transaxle-era-history-museum-exhibition-12537.html |archive-date=27 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.drivingfast.net/developing-a-track-car/|title=Engine & driveline |website=drivingfast.net |access-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170514065502/http://www.drivingfast.net/developing-a-track-car/|archive-date=14 May 2017 |date=27 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://auto.howstuffworks.com/how-does-engine-placement-affect-handling.htm |title=How does engine placement affect handling? |date=7 June 2013 |website=auto.howstuffworks.com |access-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170603041953/http://auto.howstuffworks.com/how-does-engine-placement-affect-handling.htm|archive-date=3 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.adtsea.org/ADTSEA%20Documents%20Pages/Comparison%20of%20Engine%20Placement.html?ArticleID=f64057b7-2929-45ce-8914-1b78cad28efc |title=Comparison of Engine Placement |website=adtsea.org |access-date=21 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150409001909/http://www.adtsea.org/ADTSEA%20Documents%20Pages/Comparison%20of%20Engine%20Placement.html?ArticleID=f64057b7-2929-45ce-8914-1b78cad28efc |archive-date=9 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.carthrottle.com/post/engineering-explained-why-engine-placement-is-important/ |title=Engineering Explained: Why Engine Placement Is Important |work=Car Throttle |date=5 May 2015 |access-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170923114714/https://www.carthrottle.com/post/engineering-explained-why-engine-placement-is-important/ |archive-date=23 September 2017}}</ref> Traditionally, most sports cars have used [[rear-wheel drive]] with the engine either located at the front of the car ([[front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|FR layout]]) or in the middle of the carvehicle ([[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|MR layout]]). Examples of FR layout sports cars areinclude the [[Caterham Seven|Caterham 7]], [[Mazda MX-5]], and the [[Dodge Viper]]. Examples of MR layout sports cars are the [[Ferrari 488]], [[Ford GT]], and [[Toyota MR2]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://auto.howstuffworks.com/ferrari-250-p.htm|title=Ferrari 250 P|date=14 May 2007 |website=auto.howstuffworks.com |access-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170606081500/http://auto.howstuffworks.com/ferrari-250-p.htm |archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref> To avoid a front-heavy [[weight distribution]], many FR layout sports cars are designed so that the engine is located further back in the engine bay, as close to the [[Firewall (engine)|firewall]] as possible.<ref>{{cite web |work=AutoweekUSA|title=Which is best: front engine, mid-engine or rear engine? - Video Bench Racing with Autoweek |date=2 April 2013 |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBuCjFnoj2M |access-date=21 May 2017|via=YouTube|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180427210356/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBuCjFnoj2M |archive-date=27 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Honda S2000 -- Chassis |url= https://hondanews.com/en-US/releases/release-242ffd5358bd8e8b692fdf004c34c870-honda-s2000-chassis |url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180427210356/http://news.honda.com/newsandviews/article.aspx?id=20010221001307 |archive-date=27 April 2018 |access-date=21 May 2017|website=news.honda.com |date=22 February 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://blog.gaijinpot.com/new-mazda-miata/ |title=2016 Mazda MX-5: Why It Matters And Where It Came From |work=GaijinPot Blog |date=8 September 2014 |access-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160529221105/http://blog.gaijinpot.com/new-mazda-miata/ |archive-date=29 May 2016}}</ref>
 
Since the 1990s, [[all-wheel drive]] has become more common in sports cars. All-wheel drive offers better acceleration and favorable handling characteristics (especially in slippery conditions), but is often heavier and more mechanically complex than traditional layouts.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.roadandtrack.com/new-cars/news/a18694/porsche-959-the-future-is-now/ |title=Porsche 959: The Future Is Now|date=22 October 2012|work=Road & Track|access-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170119155410/http://www.roadandtrack.com/new-cars/news/a18694/porsche-959-the-future-is-now/ |archive-date=19 January 2017}}</ref> Examples of all-wheel drive sports cars are the [[Lamborghini Huracan]], [[Bugatti Veyron]], and [[Nissan GT-R]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://arstechnica.com/cars/2015/10/the-lamborghini-huracan-an-all-wheel-drive-adrenaline-delivery-system/|title=The Lamborghini Huracán: An all-wheel drive adrenaline delivery system |work=Ars Technica|date=8 October 2015 |access-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170608110013/https://arstechnica.com/cars/2015/10/the-lamborghini-huracan-an-all-wheel-drive-adrenaline-delivery-system/ |archive-date=8 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2017-porsche-911-carrera-4s-coupe-first-drive-review |title=2017 Porsche 911 Carrera 4S Coupe - First Drive Review |access-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170512111350/http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2017-porsche-911-carrera-4s-coupe-first-drive-review |archive-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
 
[[Rear-engine design|Rear engine]] layouts are not commonly usedtypical for sports cars, with the notable exception of the [[Porsche 911]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.caranddriver.com/features/the-mid-vs-rear-engine-debate-porsche-cayman-r-vs-911-gt3-feature |title=The Mid- vs. Rear-Engine Debate: Porsche Cayman R vs. 911 GT3 - Feature |access-date=21 May 2017|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170512044518/http://www.caranddriver.com/features/the-mid-vs-rear-engine-debate-porsche-cayman-r-vs-911-gt3-feature |archive-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
 
AlthoughThe [[front-wheel drive]] layout with the engine at the front ([[front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|FF layout]]) is generally the most common layout for cars, in general,but it is not as common amongstamong traditional sports cars. Nonetheless, the FF layout is often used by [[sport compact]]s and [[hot hatch]]es such as the [[Mazdaspeed3]]. ExamplesSports ofcars FFwith layoutan sportsFF carslayout areinclude the [[Fiat Barchetta]], [[Saab Sonett]], or [[Opel Tigra]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.motorists.org/blog/pros-cons-rear-wheel-drive-front-wheel-drive-or-all-wheel-drive/ |title=Pros & Cons: Rear Drive, Front Drive Or All-Wheel Drive? |date=5 February 2009 |work=National Motorists Association |access-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160312072653/https://www.motorists.org/blog/pros-cons-rear-wheel-drive-front-wheel-drive-or-all-wheel-drive/ |archive-date=12 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.motoring.com.au/driving-wheels-front-rear-or-all-wheel-drive-7382/ |title=Driving Wheels - Front, Rear or All-Wheel Drive? - motoring.com.au |last=Kenwright |first=Joe |date=15 April 2010 |website=motoring.com.au |access-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160927161111/http://www.motoring.com.au/driving-wheels-front-rear-or-all-wheel-drive-7382/ |archive-date=27 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://classics.honestjohn.co.uk/reviews/fiat/barchetta/ |title=Classic Car Reviews: Fiat Barchetta (1995 - 2005) |work=Honest John |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160809020151/http://classics.honestjohn.co.uk/reviews/fiat/barchetta |archive-date=9 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 April 2011 |url= http://www.classiccars4sale.net/classic-car-review/c2c-fiat-barchetta|title=Fiat Barchetta - Classic Car Reviews |work=Classic Motoring Magazine |access-date=21 May 2017|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170405171401/http://www.classiccars4sale.net/classic-car-review/c2c-fiat-barchetta|archive-date=5 April 2017}}</ref>
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== Europe ==
{{undue weight|section=y|date=May 2019|to=models from the United Kingdom}}
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In 2017, Renault revived the Alpine brand for the 2017–present [[Alpine A110 (2017)|Alpine A110]] mid-engine coupe.
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150" style="text-align:left">
File:HondaS2000-004.jpg|[[Honda S2000]] (1999-2009)
File:Red Bugatti Veyron on the road (7559997596).jpg|[[Bugatti Veyron]] (2005-2015)
File:Nissan GT-R 01.JPG|[[Nissan GT-R]] (2009-present)
File:Festival automobile international 2014 - Alfa Romeo 4C - 009.jpg|[[Alfa Romeo 4C]] (2013-2018)
File:McLaren P1.jpg|[[McLaren P1]] (2013-2015)
File:2016 BMW i8.jpg|[[BMW i8]] (2014-2020)
File:Festival automobile international 2018 - Alpine A110 - 004.jpg|[[Alpine A110 (2017)]] (2017-present)
</gallery>
 
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File:1913 Mercer Series J, Type 35 Raceabout (1418364979).jpg|[[Mercer (automobile)#Type 35R Raceabout|Mercer Type 35 Raceabout]] <br /> (1910-1913)
File:53 Corvette.jpg|[[Chevrolet Corvette (C1)]] <br /> (1953-1962)
File:Dodge" Viper14 RTFiat-10Chrysler SRT Viper GTS 1X7A6634(cropped).jpg|[[Dodge Viper]] (1991-2017)
File:Ford GT Culvers.jpg|[[Ford GT]] <br /> (2005-2006)
File:2014 ChevyChevrolet Corvette StingrayC8 inIAA yellow2021 at LA Auto Show1X7A0156.jpg|[[Chevrolet Corvette (C7C8)]] <br /> (2013-2019-present)
</gallery>
 
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Toyota relaunched the Supra nameplate in 2019 after a 17-year hiatus for the [[Toyota Supra (J29/DB)|Toyota GR Supra]] front-engine, rear-wheel-drive coupe.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Toyota Premieres New Supra at Detroit Auto Show |date=14 January 2019 |work=Toyota Motor Corporation |url= https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/toyota/26144480.html |access-date=15 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Ferris |first=Robert |title=Toyota brings back the Supra sports car after almost two decades |url= https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/09/toyota-brings-back-the-supra-sports-car-after-more-than-20-years.html |access-date=15 April 2023 |work=CNBC|date=14 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Valdes-Dapena |first=Peter |date=15 January 2019 |title=Toyota brings back the fast and sporty Supra |url= https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/14/business/toyota-supra/index.html |access-date=15 April 2023 |website=CNN}}</ref> Nissan also released the new [[Nissan Z (RZ34)|RZ34]] generation of their Nissan Z in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last=Motavalli |first=Jim |title=Return of the Z, Nissan's Iconic Sports Car |url= https://www.barrons.com/articles/return-of-the-z-nissans-iconic-sports-car-01632254503 |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=barrons.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Valdes-Dapena |first=Peter |date=22 May 2022 |title=Nissan is launching a comeback. Here's what it's like road tripping in its newest sports car |url= https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/22/business/nissan-z-review/index.html |access-date=17 April 2023 |work=CNN}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:2012 Toyota 86 (ZN6) GTS coupe (2012-06-24).jpg|[[Toyota 86]] (2012-2021)
File:Nissan GT-R 01.JPG|[[Nissan GT-R]] (2008—)
File:2012 Toyota 86 (ZN6) GTS coupe (2012-06-24).jpg|[[Toyota 86]] (2012-2021)
File:Lexus LFA Yellow Las Vegas Speedway.jpg|[[Lexus LFA]] (2010—2012)
File:2019 Honda NSX 3.5 CAA-NC1 (20190722) 01.jpg|[[Honda NSX (second generation)|Honda NSX]] (2016–2022)