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{{shortShort description|PlaceCity in northwestern Lower Saxony, Germany}}
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[[File:Emden 2023.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.15|Aerial view]]
'''Emden''' ({{IPA-de|ˈɛmdn̩|-|De-Emden.ogg}}) is an [[Independent city (Germany)|independent city]] and [[seaport]] in [[Lower Saxony]] in the northwest of Germany, on the river [[Ems (river)|Ems]]. It is the main city of the region of [[East Frisia]] and, in 2011, had a total population of 51,528.
'''Emden''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛmdn̩|-|De-Emden.ogg}}) is an [[Independent city (Germany)|independent city]] and [[seaport]] in [[Lower Saxony]] in the northwest of Germany, on the river [[Ems (river)|Ems]]. It is the main city of the region of [[East Frisia]] and, in 2011, had a total population of 51,528.
 
==History==
{{Quote box
|title=Historical affiliations
|quote={{flagicon image|Ostfriesland Flagge mit Wappen.0.2.svg}} [[County of East Frisia]] 1464–1744<br/>
{{flag|Kingdom of Prussia|1750}} 1744–1806<br />
{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Kingdom of Holland]] 1806–1810<br />
Line 45 ⟶ 46:
|bgcolor=GhostWhite
}}
[[File:Neue Kirche Emden.jpg|thumb|left|TheA New Churchchurch in Emden (built in 1648).]]
The exact founding date of Emden is unknown, but it has existed at least since the 8th century. Older names for Emden are Amuthon, Embda, Emda, Embden and Embderland. Town privilege and the town's coat of arms, the ''Engelke up de Muer'' (The Little Angel on the Wall) was granted by [[Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor]] [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] in 1495.
 
The exact founding date of Emden is unknown, but it has existed at least since the 8th century. Older names for Emden are Setutanda,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Germanic Toponymie {{!}} PDF |url=https://de.scribd.com/document/331728317/Old-germanic-toponymie |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=Scribd |language=en}}</ref> Amuthon, Embda, Emda, Embden and Embderland. Town privilege and the town's coat of arms, the ''Engelke up de Muer'' (The Little Angel on the Wall) was granted by Emperor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] in 1495.
In the 16th century, Emden briefly became an important centre for the [[Protestant Reformation]] under the rule of Countess [[Anna von Oldenburg]] who was determined to find a religious "third way" between [[Lutheranism]] and [[Catholicism]]. In 1542 she invited the Polish noble [[John Laski]] (or ''Joahannes a Lasco'') to become pastor of a Protestant church at Emden;<ref name="FSC">{{cite book|last=Carney|first=Frederick S.|title=Politica:Translator's Introduction|year=1995|publisher=Liberty Fund|isbn=9780865971158}}</ref>{{rp|xi}} and for 7 years he continued to spread the new religion around the area of [[East Frisia]]. However, in 1549 following pressure from the Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], the Countess was forced to ask Laski to leave for England and the experiment came to an end. Nevertheless, the legacy was important for the reformation in the Netherlands.
 
In the 16th century, Emden briefly became an important centre for the [[Protestant Reformation]] under the rule of Countess [[Anna von Oldenburg]] who was determined to find a religious "third way" between [[Lutheranism]] and [[Catholicism]]. In 1542 she invited the Polish noble [[John Laski]] (or ''Johannes a Lasco'') to become pastor of a Protestant church at Emden,<ref name="FSC">{{cite book|last=Carney|first=Frederick S.|title=Politica:Translator's Introduction|year=1995|publisher=Liberty Fund|isbn=9780865971158}}</ref>{{rp|xi}} and for seven years he continued to spread the new religion around the area of [[East Frisia]]. However, in 1549 following pressure from the Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], the Countess was forced to ask Laski to leave for England and the experiment came to an end. Nevertheless, the legacy was important for the reformation in the Netherlands.
At the end of the 16th century Emden experienced a period of great prosperity. Due to the Spanish blockade of Flemish and Brabant ports at the start of the [[Dutch Revolt]], Emden became the most important transshipment port on the North Sea. Thousands of Protestant refugees came from Flanders and the Duchy of Brabant to the Protestant city Emden to escape persecution by the Spanish rulers of the Low Countries. During this period, the predominantly Calvinist Emden came into conflict with the Lutheran counts of East Friesland. The [[Emden Revolution]] in 1595 resulted in Emden becoming a distinct city-state.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mentzer|first=Raymond|title=Sin and the Calvinists: Morals, Control and the Consistory in Reformed Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n_ipwgt-dtMC&q=Emden+1595&pg=PA22|year=1994|publisher=Truman State University Press|isbn=1931112185|page=22}}</ref> With the support of the Dutch Republic, Emden became a free government city under the protection of the Dutch Republic. The Brabantian dialect became the official language of trade and civil administration.
 
At the end of the 16th century, Emden experienced a period of great prosperity. Due to the Spanish blockade of Flemish and Brabant ports at the start of the [[Dutch Revolt]], Emden became the most important transshipment port on the North Sea. Thousands of Protestant refugees came from Flanders and the Duchy of Brabant to the Protestant city Emden to escape persecution by the Spanish rulers of the Low Countries. During this period, the predominantly Calvinist Emden came into conflict with the Lutheran counts of East Friesland.
Emden was a very rich city during the 17th century, due to large numbers of Dutch and Flemish immigrants such as [[Diederik Jansz. Graeff]]. It was a centre of reformed Protestantism at that time. The political theorist [[Johannes Althusius]] served as [[Syndic]] from 1604 to 1638.<ref name="FSC"/>{{rp|xii}}
 
The [[Emden Revolution]] in 1595 resulted in Emden becoming a distinct city-state.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mentzer|first=Raymond|title=Sin and the Calvinists: Morals, Control and the Consistory in Reformed Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n_ipwgt-dtMC&q=Emden+1595&pg=PA22|year=1994|publisher=Truman State University Press|isbn=1931112185|page=22}}</ref> With the support of the Dutch Republic, Emden became a free government city under the protection of the Dutch Republic. The Brabantian dialect became the official language of trade and civil administration. Emden was a very rich city during the 17th century, due to large numbers of Dutch and Flemish immigrants such as [[Diederik Jansz. Graeff]]. It was a centre of reformed Protestantism at that time. The political theorist [[Johannes Althusius]] served as [[Syndic]] from 1604 to 1638.<ref name="FSC"/>{{rp|xii}}
In 1744 Emden was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]. In 1752 [[Frederick the Great]] chartered the [[Emden Company]] to trade with [[Guangzhou|Canton]], but the company was ruined when Emden was captured by French forces in 1757 during the [[Seven Years' War]]. The city was recaptured by [[Army of Observation|Anglo-German forces]] in 1758 and for the rest of the conflict was used as a major supply base by the British to support the ongoing war in [[Westphalia]].
 
In 1744, Emden was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]. In 1752 [[Frederick the Great]] chartered the [[Emden Company]] to trade with [[Guangzhou|Canton]], but the company was ruined when Emden was captured by French forces in 1757 during the [[Seven Years' War]]. The city was recaptured by [[Army of Observation|Anglo-German forces]] in 1758 and for the rest of the conflict was used as a major supply base by the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] to support the ongoing war in [[Westphalia]]. During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], Emden and the surrounding lands of [[East Frisia]] were part of the short-lived [[Kingdom of Holland]]. Industrialization started at around 1870, with a paper mill and a somewhat bigger shipyard. At the end of the 19th century, a big canal, the [[Dortmund-Ems Canal]] was constructed, which connected Emden with the [[Ruhr]] area. This made Emden the "seaport of the Ruhr area", which lasted until the 1970s. Coal from the south was transported to the North Sea port, and imported iron ore was shipped via the canal towards [[Rhine]] and the [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]]. The last iron ore freighter was moored in the port of Emden in 1986.
During the [[Napoleon]]ic French era, Emden and the surrounding lands of [[East Frisia]] were part of the short-lived [[Kingdom of Holland]].
 
In 1903, a large shipyard (''[[Nordseewerke]]'', "North Sea Works") was founded and was in operation until 2010. During [[World War II]], Emden was repeatedly targeted by Allied [[Strategic bombing during World War II|bombing raids]], which destroyed the majority of the city center. The [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) launched its first bombing raid over Emden in 31 March 1940, and both the RAF and the [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF) continued to launch raids against the city for the duration of the war. On 6 September 1944, the RAF and USAAF launched their largest bombing raid against Emden, which destroyed approximately 80% of all structures in the city center. However, the Emden shipyards, in contrast to the rest of the city, was left largely unaffected by the bombing raids.<ref>{{cite web | title=You have no chance – Airminded | website=Airminded | date=2011-02-02 | url=https://airminded.org/2011/02/02/you-have-no-chance/ |quote=Why are we doing so? It is not revenge, though we do not forget Warsaw, Belgrade, Rotterdam, London, Plymouth and Coventry. We are bombing Germany, city by city, and ever more terribly, in order to make it impossible for you to go on with the war. That is our object. We shall pursue it remorselessly. City by city: Lübeck, Rostock, Cologne, Emden, Bremen, Wilhelmshaven, Duisburg, Hamburg -- and the list will grow longer and longer. | access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> After the war, Emden came under [[Allied-occupied Germany|Allied occupation]] and rebuilding efforts commenced. On 6 September 1962, exactly 18 years after the 1944 raid, the current Emden [[city hall]] was officially opened.{{fact|date=January 2023}}
Industrialization started at around 1870, with a paper mill and a somewhat bigger shipyard. At the end of the 19th century, a big canal, the [[Dortmund-Ems Canal]] was constructed, which connected Emden with the [[Ruhr]] area. This made Emden the "seaport of the Ruhr area", which lasted until the 1970s. Coal from the south was transported to the North Sea port, and imported iron ore was shipped via the canal towards [[Rhine]] and the [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]]. The last iron ore freighter was moored in the port of Emden in 1986.
 
In 1903, a large shipyard (''[[Nordseewerke]]'', "North Sea Works") was founded and was in operation until 2010.
 
{{anchor|Allied air attacks}}The city centre was almost completely wiped out as a result of [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[Strategic bombing during World War II|bombing raids]] during the [[Second World War]], destroying nearly all historic buildings. The RAF first bombed Emden on 31 March 1940. The most severe bombing took place on 6 September 1944, when roughly 80 percent of all houses in the city centre were destroyed. In the collective memory of the city, this date still plays an important role. The shipyard area was largely untouched – the British targeted the civilian areas, apparently in response to the [[Coventry Blitz|bombing of Coventry]] by the ''[[Luftwaffe]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title=You have no chance – Airminded | website=Airminded | date=2011-02-02 | url=https://airminded.org/2011/02/02/you-have-no-chance/ |quote=Why are we doing so? It is not revenge, though we do not forget Warsaw, Belgrade, Rotterdam, London, Plymouth and Coventry. We are bombing Germany, city by city, and ever more terribly, in order to make it impossible for you to go on with the war. That is our object. We shall pursue it remorselessly. City by city: Lübeck, Rostock, Cologne, Emden, Bremen, Wilhelmshaven, Duisburg, Hamburg -- and the list will grow longer and longer. | access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> The modern rebuilding of the city hall was opened on 6 September 1962, exactly 18 years after the bombing.
 
==Climate==
 
{{Weather box
{{Weather box|width=auto
| location = Emden (1981–2010)
| location = Emden (1991–2020 normals)
| metric first = Yes
| single linemetric first = YesY
| Jansingle high Cline = 4.7Y
| Feb high Ccollapsed = 5.6Y
| MarJan high C = 9 5.01
| AprFeb high C = 13 5.59
| MayMar high C = 17 9.0
| JunApr high C = 19 13.78
| JulMay high C = 22 17.24
| AugJun high C = 22 20.21
| SepJul high C = 18 22.41
| OctAug high C = 13 22.63
| NovSep high C = 8 18.59
| DecOct high C = 4 14.81
| yearNov high C = 9.0
|Dec Jan lowhigh C = - 6.0.1
| Febyear lowhigh C = -0 13.07
|Jan Mar lowmean C = 1 2.79
|Feb Apr lowmean C = 3.61
|Mar May lowmean C = 7 5.23
|Apr Jun lowmean C = 10 8.19
|May Jul lowmean C = 12.75
|Jun Aug lowmean C = 12 15.75
|Jul Sep lowmean C = 10 17.05
|Aug Oct lowmean C = 17.6.4
|Sep Nov lowmean C = 3 14.36
|Oct Dec lowmean C = 0 10.15
|Nov year lowmean C = 6.5
|Dec Janmean rain mmC = 66 3.89
|year Febmean rain mmC = 47 9.69
|Jan Marlow rain mmC = 60 0.95
|Feb Aprlow rain mmC = 39 0.94
|Mar Maylow rain mmC = 55 1.86
|Apr Junlow rain mmC = 79 4.1
|May Jullow rain mmC = 80 7.36
|Jun Auglow rain mmC = 71 10.38
|Jul Seplow rain mmC = 81 13.50
|Aug Octlow rain mmC = 75 13.61
|Sep Novlow rain mmC = 74 10.35
|Oct Declow rain mmC = 67 7.91
|Nov yearlow rain mmC = 3.8
|rainDec colourlow C = green 1.5
|Jan sunyear =low 53C = 6.02
| precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 69.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 51.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 50.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 42.2
|May precipitation mm = 53.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 71.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 86.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 83.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 77.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 75.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 66.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 75.3
| year precipitation mm =808.8
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 20.6
|Feb precipitation days = 16.0
|Mar precipitation days = 15.6
|Apr precipitation days = 13.9
|May precipitation days = 14.0
|Jun precipitation days = 15.3
|Jul precipitation days = 17.7
|Aug precipitation days = 16.7
|Sep precipitation days = 16.4
|Oct precipitation days = 18.6
|Nov precipitation days = 19.3
|Dec precipitation days = 21.0
|year precipitation days = 205.4
|Jan sun = 42.9
|Feb sun = 70.7
|Mar sun = 122.73
|Apr sun = 179185.54
|May sun = 216214.61
|Jun sun = 204202.48
|Jul sun = 211202.34
|Aug sun = 186.24
|Sep sun = 143145.39
|Oct sun = 112103.73
|Nov sun = 5452.37
|Dec sun = 5142.52
|year sun = 1582.0
| source 1 = [http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-1-p5.php Météoclimat]
|Jan humidity = 89.4
|Feb humidity = 86.5
|Mar humidity = 82.4
|Apr humidity = 77.8
|May humidity = 76.6
|Jun humidity = 77.7
|Jul humidity = 78.5
|Aug humidity = 79.6
|Sep humidity = 82.9
|Oct humidity = 85.9
|Nov humidity = 89.7
|Dec humidity = 90.3
| year humidity =83.2
| source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230916130014/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Emden_10200.csv
| archive-date = 16 September 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Emden_10200.csv
| title = Emden Climate Normals 1991–2020
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 16 September 2023}}</ref>
}}
 
==Economy==
The main industries in Emden are automobile production and shipbuilding. [[Volkswagen]] runs a large production plant which builds the [[Volkswagen Passat]] car and which employs around 10,000 people. [[Emden harbor]] is also one of the three main ports for car shipping in Europe (together with [[Zeebrugge]] in Belgium and [[Bremerhaven]] in Germany). Emden is the main location from which vehicles produced at all Volkswagen Group factories in Germany are marshalled for export overseas.

More than 1.4 million cars were imported and exported in 2017.<ref>[https://www.autoport-emden.de Emden Autoport]. Retrieved 21 September 2021 (german).</Refref> The ''Nordseewerke'' shipyard, a subsidiary of [[ThyssenKrupp]], employs around 1,400 dockers and specializes in conventional submarines. It also produces different kinds of cargo ships as well as ships for special purposes such as icebreakers, dredgers and other ships of that type.
 
Another important economic sector is tourism, mainly as a day trip destination for tourists staying in the surrounding villages on the North Sea coastline.
 
A university of applied sciences (''{{lang|de|[[Fachhochschule]]''}}) was opened in 1973. At present, around 4,240 students are enrolled, most of them studying for technical degrees.
 
The airline [[Ostfriesische Lufttransport]] had its headquarters in Emden.<ref>"[https://www.olt.de/en/info/imprint/ Imprint]". ([https://wwwweb.webcitationarchive.org/60hAbJRqM?url=web/20111002193901/https://www.olt.de/en/info/imprint/ Archive]) Ostfriesische Lufttransport. Retrieved on 4 August 2011. "Gorch-Fock-Str. 103 26721 Emden Germany".</ref>
 
==Sports==
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==Notable people==
[[File:Zelfportret Bakhuizen.jpg|thumb|140px|Self-portrait by [[Ludolf Bakhuizen]] self-portrait]]
[[File:Melusine von der Schulenburg - Kloster Barsinghausen..png|thumb|140px| [[Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal|Melusine von der Schulenburg]], ca 1705]]
* [[Johann van Lingen]] (1425–1481), Mayor of Emden
* [[:de:Liste der Bürgermeister von Emden|Johann van Lingen, (DE Wiki)]] (1425–1481), Mayor of Emden, 1463–1470
* [[Jacob Emden]], also known as Ya'avetz (1697–1776), leading German rabbi and talmudist
* [[Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser]] (c.ca 1540-15961540–1596), sailornavigator and [[celestial cartographer]] in Portuguese and Dutch service
* [[Johannes Althusius]] (1563–1638), [[legal scholar]], [[Calvinist]] [[political theorist]], cityelected counsela andlocal municipal trustee in 1603 politician
* [[Jacob Dircksz de Graeff]] (1571–1638), member of the [[De Graeff]] family; Amsterdam burgomaster in the [[Dutch Golden Age]].
* [[Johann Heinrich Alting]] (1583–1644), reformed theologian
* [[Johann Heinrich Alting]] (1583–1644), reformed theologian.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Alting, Johann Heinrich |volume= 1 | page= 764 |short=x}}</ref>
* [[Martin Hermann Faber]] (1586–1648), painter, architect, and cartographer
* [[Simon Bosboom]] (1614–1662), a [[Dutch Golden Age]] architect and writer.
* [[Ludolf Bakhuizen]] (1630–1708), major Marinemaler
* [[Abraham and Bernard van Linge]] (fl.1625–1641) & (1598–ca1644); [[stained glass]] window painters, worked in [[Oxford]]
* [[Ludolf Bakhuizen]] (1630–1708), major Dutch painter.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Backhuysen, Ludolf |volume= 3| page= 135 |short=x}}</ref>
* [[Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal]] (1667–1743), mistress to King [[George I of Great Britain]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Kendal, Dukedom of |volume= 15 | page= 727, see second para = "In 1719 Ehrengarde Melusina (1667–1743), mistress of......." |short=x}}</ref>
* [[Jacob Emden]] (1697–1776), also known as Ya'avetz; talmudist; and rabbi of Emden from 1728
* [[Eduard Norden]] (1868–1941), philologist and religious historian
* [[Claude France]] (1893–1928), actor
* [[Hans Boelsen]] (1894–1960), general lieutenant in the Second World War
* [[Henri Nannen]] (1913–1996), publisher and publicist, founder of ''[[Stern (magazine)|Stern]]'' magazine
* [[Hans-Joachim Hespos]] (born 19381938–2022), composer of [[avant-garde music]].
* [[Helma Sanders-Brahms]] (1940-20141940–2014), film director, screenwriter and actressproducer.
* [[Karl Dall]] (1941-20201941–2020), presenter, singer and comedian
* [[Wolfgang Petersen]] (born 19411941–2022), film director and producer
* [[:de:Alwin Brinkmann|Alwin Brinkmann, (DE Wiki)]] (born 1946), Mayor of Emden from 1986 to 2011
* [[Otto Waalkes]] (born 1948), comedian, [[comic artist]], singer and actor
* [[Eva Herman]] (born 1958), book author and former television presenter
* [[Jan van Koningsveld]] (born 1969), [[mental calculator]]
* [[:de:Heidi Hartmann (Boxerin)|Heidi Hartmann, (DE Wiki)]] (born 1971), boxing champion
* [[Stefan Lampadius]] (born 1976), actor and filmmaker
* [[Ferydoon Zandi]] (born 1979), Iranian footballer, played 318 games and 29 for [[associationIran national football|football playerteam|Iran]]
 
==Ships and places named after the city==
Line 172 ⟶ 225:
* [[SMS Emden (1916)|SMS ''Emden'' (1916)]], a light cruiser in the Kaiserliche Marine
* [[German cruiser Emden|''Emden'' (1925)]], a light cruiser in the Kriegsmarine, used in the [[Operation Weserübung|invasion of Norway and Denmark]]
* ''F210[[German frigate Emden'' (1979F221), [[Bremen class frigate|F221 ''BremenEmden''-class frigate]] (1961), {{sclass|Köln|frigate}} of the [[German Navy]]
* [[German frigate Emden (F210)|F210 ''Emden'']] (1979), [[Bremen class frigate|''Bremen''-class frigate]] of the German Navy
*[[German corvette Emden|F266 ''Emden'']] (2025), [[Braunschweig-class corvette|''Braunschweig''-class]] [[corvette]] of the German Navy
 
A deep sea spot in the Pacific Ocean close to the [[Philippines]] is named after the first {{SMS|Emden|1908|2}} ship, and is therefore called ''Emdentief'' in German. The spot ({{cvt|10,400|m|ft|disp=or}} deep) was sounded in the 1920s (in 1920, 1923 or 1928—sources vary).
 
The word "Yamandan" and "Emden" entered the lexicons of Malayalam and Tamil respectively after the bombing of Madras Harbour in 1914 by SMS Emden. The word in the local language means a humongous or huge and sometimes "a person who dares and works with precision".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/emden-attack-a-german-cruiser-that-rocked-madras-india-during-world-war-i-in-september-1914/cid/1888328 | title=108 years of Emden – the only World War I attack on India }}</ref>
In addition, the village of [[Emden, Illinois]] in the United States was named after [[Jacob Emden]]<ref>[http://www.emdenil.com/ Emdenil.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529235332/http://www.emdenil.com/ |date=29 May 2008 }}</ref> due to the large number of emigrants from Emden to the village in northwestern [[Logan County, Illinois]]. Another namesake city in the USA is the unincorporated town of Embden, North Dakota (the b added to correct the pronunciation).<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.webfamilytree.com/North_Dakota_Place_Names/E/embden_(cass_county).htm |chapter=Embden (Cass County) |last1=Wick |first1=Douglas A. |year=1988 |title=North Dakota Place Names |publisher=Hedemarken Collectibles |location=Bismarck, ND |isbn=0962096806 |oclc=18941733 |access-date=12 May 2012}}</ref>
 
In addition, the village of [[Emden, Illinois]] in the United States was named after [[Jacob Emden]]<ref>[http://www.emdenil.com/ Emdenil.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529235332/http://www.emdenil.com/ |date=29 May 2008 }}</ref> due to the large number of emigrants from Emden to the village in northwestern [[Logan County, Illinois]]. Other places in the U.S. named after the city include [[Emden, Missouri]]; [[Embden, Maine]]; and [[Embden, North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.webfamilytree.com/North_Dakota_Place_Names/E/embden_(cass_county).htm |chapter=Embden (Cass County) |last1=Wick |first1=Douglas A. |year=1988 |title=North Dakota Place Names |publisher=Hedemarken Collectibles |location=Bismarck, ND |isbn=0962096806 |oclc=18941733 |access-date=12 May 2012 |archive-date=10 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910052018/http://www.webfamilytree.com/North_Dakota_Place_Names/E/embden_(cass_county).htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
==Twin towns – sister cities==
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*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Arkhangelsk]], Russia
*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Haugesund]], Norway
 
== See also ==
{{Portal|Germany}}
 
== References ==
Line 205 ⟶ 259:
 
{{Germany districts lower saxony}}
{{Districts of Emden}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
Line 212 ⟶ 266:
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea]]
[[Category:Towns and villages in East Frisia]]
[[Category:ProvinceUrban districts of HanoverLower Saxony]]
 
[[uz:Emden]]
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