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{{Short description|Writing system used for Chakma language}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2017}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox writing system
|name=Chakma
|altname=Changmha Ajhapat<br />𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄃𑄧𑄏𑄛𑄖𑄴
|type=[[Abugida]]
|languages=[[Chakma language]], [[Pali]]<ref name="Scheuren">{{cite web |first=Zachary |last=Scheuren |title=Proposal to encode CHAKMA LETTER VAA for Pali |date=2019-04-22 |website=The Unicode Consortium |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19143-chakma-letter-vaa.pdf
|sample=Shukla Chakma I.svg
|caption=The word 'Changmha Ajhapat' in Chakma script
|imagesize=200px
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet]]
|footnotes=
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet]]
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet]]
|fam4=[[Brahmi script]]
|fam5=[[Tamil-Brahmi]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-first1=R. Malatesha |editor-last1=Joshi |editor-first2=Catherine |editor-last2=McBride |title=Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography
|fam6=[[Pallava
|fam7=[[
|unicode=U+11100–U+1114F<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Chakma |title=The Unicode Standard, Version 15.1 |publisher=The Unicode Consortium |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11100.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207153418/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11100.pdf |archive-date=2023-12-07}}</ref>
|iso15924 = Cakm
}}
{{brahmic}}
The '''Chakma Script''' (''Ajhā pāṭh''), also called '''Ajhā pāṭh''', '''Ojhapath''', '''Ojhopath''', '''Aaojhapath''', is an [[abugida]] used for the [[Chakma language]], and recently for the [[Pali]] language.<ref
==History==
The Chakma script is an [[abugida]] that belongs to the [[Brahmic scripts|Brahmic family of scripts]]. Chakma evolved from the [[Burmese script]], which was ultimately derived from [[Pallava script|Pallava]].<ref name="Talukdar"/>
The script, along with the [[Chakma language]], has been introduced to non-government schools in [[Bangladesh]], and as well as schools in [[Mizoram]].<ref>{{cite
==Structure==
[[File:Chakma Letter-Biplob Rahman.jpg|thumb|Chakma Letters]]
Chakma is of the Brahmic type: the consonant letters contain an inherent vowel. Unusually for
===Vowels===
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|}
Other vowels in initial position are formed by adding the vowel sign to {{Script/Chakma|𑄃}}
Chakma vowel signs with the letter {{Script/Chakma|𑄇}} ''ka'' are given below:
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{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄇||𑄇𑄧||𑄇𑄨||𑄇𑄩||𑄇𑄪||𑄇𑄫||𑄇𑄬||𑄇𑄮||𑄇𑄭||𑄇𑄯||{{Script/Chakma|𑄇𑄰}}||{{Script/Chakma|𑄇𑅆}}||{{Script/Chakma|𑄇𑄀}}||{{Script/Chakma|𑄇𑄁}}||{{Script/Chakma|𑄇𑄂}}||{{Script/Chakma|𑄇𑄴}}
|- align="center"
| kā||ka||ki||kī||ku||kū||ke||ko||kāi||kau||koi||kei||kaṃ||kaṃ||kaḥ||k
|}
One of the interesting features of Chakma writing is that candrabindu 𑄀 (cānaphudā) can be used together with anusvara 𑄁 (ekaphudā) and visarga 𑄂 (dviphudā):
{{Script/Chakma|𑄃𑄂𑄀}} aḥṃ = {{Script/Chakma|𑄃}} ā + {{Script/Chakma|𑄂 h + 𑄀ṃ}}
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{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄇||𑄈||𑄉||𑄊||𑄋
|- align="center"
| kā||khā||gā||ghā||ṅā
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄌||𑄍||𑄎||𑄏||𑄐
! 𑄒||𑄓||𑄔||𑄕||𑄖||𑄗||𑄘||𑄙||𑄚||𑄛||𑄜▼
|- align="center"
| cā||chā||jā||jhā||ñā
| ṭhā||dā||dhā||ṇā||tā||thā||dā||dhā||nā||pā||phā▼
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄑||𑄒||𑄓||𑄔||𑄕
! 𑄝||𑄞||𑄟||𑄠||𑄡||𑄢||𑄥||𑄤||𑄥||𑄦||▼
|- align="center"
| ṭā||ṭhā||ḍā||ḍhā||ṇā
| bā||bhā||mā||yyā||yā||rā||lā||wā||sā||hā||▼
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
|- align="center"
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄛||𑄜||𑄝||𑄞||𑄟
|- align="center"
| pā||phā||bā||bhā||mā
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
|- align="center"
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄥||𑄦||𑅄
|- align="center"
| sā||hā||ḷā
|}
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==Letter names and punctuation==
Chakma letters have a descriptive name followed by a traditional Brahmic consonant. These are given in annotations to the character names. Alongside a single (𑅁) and double (𑅂) danda punctuation, Chakma has a unique question mark (𑅃), and a section sign, ''Phulacihna''. There is some variation in the glyphs for the ''Phulacihna (𑅀)'', some looking like flowers or leaves.
==Numerals==
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==Unicode==
{{Main|Chakma (Unicode block)}}
Chakma script was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in January
The Unicode block for Chakma script is U+11100–U+1114F. Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points:
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==Educational Institutions==
The Chakma language is being taught in many Government and private schools in India (Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh) and Bangladesh. The Chakma language was officially introduced in primary schools by the Govt. of Tripura under The Directorate of Kokborok & Other Minority Languages in 2004 through Bengali Script and since 2013 through Chakma script (also known as '''Ajhā Pāṭh'''). Presently,{{when?|date=January 2024}} the Chakma language is being taught in 87 schools.<ref>{{Cite
== References ==
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==Further reading==
* {{cite news |script-title=bn:'রিবেং ইউনি'তে লেখা হবে চাকমা ভাষা |trans-title=
▲* {{cite news |script-title=bn:'রিবেং ইউনি'তে লেখা হবে চাকমা ভাষা |trans-title=RibengUni will be written in the Chakma language |url=http://www.kalerkantho.com/print_edition/index.php?view=details&archiev=yes&arch_date=06-10-2012&type=gold&data=Food&pub_no=1024&cat_id=1&menu_id=14&news_type_id=1&index=6#.UsIKQvTuI2Y |publisher=[[Kaler Kantho]] |date=2012-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101080358/http://www.kalerkantho.com/print_edition/index.php?view=details&archiev=yes&arch_date=06-10-2012&type=gold&data=Food&pub_no=1024&cat_id=1&menu_id=14&news_type_id=1&index=6 |archive-date=2014-01-01 |access-date=2013-12-31}}
==External links==
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*[https://languagetools-153419.appspot.com/ccp/convertUI/ Chakma Unicode Converter]
*[https://languagetools-153419.appspot.com/ccp/downloads/ Available Chakma Unicode Fonts]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160122103909/https://github.com/zenideas/chakma-keylayout-osx Chakma Keyboard Layout for Mac OSX]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111209003042/http://dictionary.chakma.info/ Chakma Open Dictionary] *{{Cite web
| title = Chakma alphabet, pronunciation and language
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