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{{Short description|Writing system used for Chakma language}}
{{
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox writing system
|name=Chakma
|altname=Changmha Ajhapat<br />𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄃𑄧𑄏𑄛𑄖𑄴
|type=[[Abugida]]
|languages=[[Chakma language]], [[Pali]]<ref name="Scheuren">{{cite web |first=Zachary |last=Scheuren |title=Proposal to encode CHAKMA LETTER VAA for Pali |date=2019-04-22 |website=The Unicode Consortium |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19143-chakma-letter-vaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613190717/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19143-chakma-letter-vaa.pdf |archive-date=2019-06-13}}</ref>
|sample=Shukla Chakma
|caption=The word 'Changmha Ajhapat' in Chakma script
|imagesize=200px
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet]]
|footnotes=
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet]]
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet]]
|fam4=[[Brahmi script]]
|fam5=[[Tamil-Brahmi]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-first1=R. Malatesha |editor-last1=Joshi |editor-first2=Catherine |editor-last2=McBride |title=Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography
|fam6=[[Pallava
|fam7=[[
|unicode=U+11100–U+1114F<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Chakma |title=The Unicode Standard, Version 15.1 |publisher=The Unicode Consortium |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11100.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207153418/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11100.pdf |archive-date=2023-12-07}}</ref>
|iso15924 = Cakm
}}
{{brahmic}}
The '''Chakma Script''' (''Ajhā pāṭh''), also called '''Ajhā pāṭh''', '''Ojhapath''', '''Ojhopath''', '''Aaojhapath''', is an [[abugida]] used for the [[Chakma language]], and recently for the [[Pali]] language.<ref name="Scheuren"/>
==History==
The Chakma script is an [[abugida]]
The script, along with the [[Chakma language]], has been introduced to non-government schools in [[Bangladesh]], and as well as schools in [[Mizoram]].<ref>{{cite
==Structure==
[[File:Chakma Letter-Biplob Rahman.jpg|thumb|Chakma Letters]]
Chakma is of the Brahmic type: the consonant letters contain an inherent vowel. Unusually for
===Vowels===
Four independent vowels exist: {{Script/Chakma|𑄃}} a, {{Script/Chakma|𑄄}} i, {{Script/Chakma|𑄅}} u, and {{Script/Chakma|𑄆}} e.
{| class="wikitable"
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|}
Other vowels in initial position are formed by adding the vowel sign to {{Script/Chakma|𑄃}}
Chakma vowel signs with the letter {{Script/Chakma|𑄇}} ''ka'' are given below:
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{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄇||𑄇𑄧||
|- align="center"
| kā||ka||ki||kī||ku||kū||ke||ko||kāi||kau||koi||kei||kaṃ||kaṃ||kaḥ||k
|}
One of the interesting features of Chakma writing is that candrabindu 𑄀 (cānaphudā) can be used together with anusvara 𑄁 (ekaphudā) and visarga 𑄂 (dviphudā):
{{Script/Chakma|𑄃𑄂𑄀}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄃𑄁𑄀}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄅𑄁𑄀}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄟𑄪𑄀}}
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄇||𑄈||𑄉||𑄊||𑄋
|- align="center"
| kā||khā||gā||ghā||ṅā
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄌||𑄍||𑄎||𑄏||𑄐
! 𑄒||𑄓||𑄔||𑄕||𑄖||𑄗||𑄘||𑄙||𑄚||𑄛||𑄜▼
|- align="center"
| cā||chā||jā||jhā||ñā
| ṭhā||dā||dhā||ṇā||tā||thā||dā||dhā||nā||pā||phā▼
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄑||𑄒||𑄓||𑄔||𑄕
! 𑄝||𑄞||𑄟||𑄠||𑄡||𑄢||𑄥||𑄤||𑄥||𑄦||▼
|- align="center"
| ṭā||ṭhā||ḍā||ḍhā||ṇā
| bā||bhā||mā||yyā||yā||rā||lā||wā||sā||hā||▼
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
|- align="center"
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄛||𑄜||𑄝||𑄞||𑄟
|- align="center"
| pā||phā||bā||bhā||mā
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
|- align="center"
|- align="center" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: RibengUni, Ribeng;"
! 𑄥||𑄦||𑅄
|- align="center"
| sā||hā||ḷā
|}
====Vowel-killer====
Like other Brahmic scripts, Chakma makes use of the ''maayyaa'' (killer) to invoke conjoined consonants. In the past, practice was much more common than it is today. Like the Myanmar script, Chakma is encoded with two vowel-killing characters in order to conform to modern user expectations. As shown above, most letters have their vowels killed with the use of the explicit ''maayyaa'':
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In the 1982 book ''Cāṅmār āg pudhi'' a much wider range of conjunct pairs is shown, some of them with fairly complicated glyphs:
{{Script/Chakma|𑄇𑄳𑄇}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄇𑄳𑄑}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄇𑄳𑄖}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄇𑄳𑄟}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄇𑄳𑄌}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄋𑄳𑄇}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄋𑄳𑄉}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄌𑄳𑄌}} ccā = {{Script/Chakma|𑄌}} cā + 𑄳 VIRAMA + 𑄌
{{Script/Chakma|𑄌𑄳𑄍}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄐𑄳𑄌}} ñcā = {{Script/Chakma|𑄐}} ñā + 𑄳 VIRAMA + 𑄌
{{Script/Chakma|𑄐𑄳𑄎}} ñjā = {{Script/Chakma|𑄐}} ñā + 𑄳 VIRAMA + 𑄎
{{Script/Chakma|𑄐𑄳𑄏}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄑𑄳𑄑}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄖𑄳𑄖}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄖𑄳𑄟}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄖𑄳𑄗}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄘𑄳𑄘}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄘𑄳𑄙}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄚𑄳𑄖}} ntā = 𑄚 nā + 𑄳 VIRAMA + 𑄖 tā
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{{Script/Chakma|𑄟𑄳𑄟}} mmā = 𑄟 mā + 𑄳 VIRAMA + 𑄟 mā
{{Script/Chakma|𑄎𑄳𑄎}} jjā = 𑄎 jā + 𑄳 VIRAMA + 𑄎 jā
{{Script/Chakma|𑄣𑄳𑄇}} lkā = 𑄣 lā + 𑄳 VIRAMA + 𑄇 kā
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{{Script/Chakma|𑄣𑄳𑄣}} llā = 𑄣 lā + 𑄳 VIRAMA + 𑄣 lā
{{Script/Chakma|𑄣𑄳𑄑}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄣𑄳𑄛}} lpā = 𑄣 lā + 𑄳 VIRAMA + 𑄛 pā
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{{Script/Chakma|𑄣𑄳𑄍}} lchā = 𑄣 lā + 𑄳 VIRAMA + 𑄍 chā
{{Script/Chakma|𑄥𑄳𑄑}}
{{Script/Chakma|𑄥𑄳𑄇}} skā = 𑄥 sā + 𑄳 VIRAMA + 𑄇 kā
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==Letter names and punctuation==
Chakma letters have a descriptive name followed by a traditional Brahmic consonant. These are given in annotations to the character names. Alongside a single (𑅁) and double (𑅂) danda punctuation, Chakma has a unique question mark (𑅃), and a section sign, ''Phulacihna''. There is some variation in the glyphs for the ''Phulacihna (𑅀)'', some looking like flowers or leaves.
==Numerals==
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==Unicode==
{{Main|Chakma (Unicode block)}}
Chakma script was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in January
The Unicode block for Chakma script is U+11100–U+1114F. Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points:
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==Educational Institutions==
The Chakma language is being taught in many Government and private schools in India (Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh) and Bangladesh. The Chakma language was officially introduced in primary schools by the Govt. of Tripura under The Directorate of Kokborok & Other Minority Languages in 2004 through Bengali Script and since 2013 through
== References ==
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==Further reading==
* {{cite news |script-title=bn:'রিবেং ইউনি'তে লেখা হবে চাকমা ভাষা |trans-title=
▲* {{cite news |script-title=bn:'রিবেং ইউনি'তে লেখা হবে চাকমা ভাষা |trans-title=RibengUni will be written in the Chakma language |url=http://www.kalerkantho.com/print_edition/index.php?view=details&archiev=yes&arch_date=06-10-2012&type=gold&data=Food&pub_no=1024&cat_id=1&menu_id=14&news_type_id=1&index=6#.UsIKQvTuI2Y |publisher=[[Kaler Kantho]] |date=2012-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101080358/http://www.kalerkantho.com/print_edition/index.php?view=details&archiev=yes&arch_date=06-10-2012&type=gold&data=Food&pub_no=1024&cat_id=1&menu_id=14&news_type_id=1&index=6 |archive-date=2014-01-01 |access-date=2013-12-31}}
==External links==
▲*[http://uni.hilledu.com RibengUni (First & Only Chakma Unicode Font)]
*[http://hilledu.com Chakma Script] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115054019/https://hilledu.com/ |date=2020-01-15 }}
*[http://hillbd.com Chakma Bangla Blog]
*[https://languagetools-153419.appspot.com/ccp/ Chakma Prototype Keyboard]
*[https://languagetools-153419.appspot.com/ccp/convertUI/ Chakma Unicode Converter]
*[https://languagetools-153419.appspot.com/ccp/downloads/ Available Chakma Unicode
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160122103909/https://github.com/zenideas/chakma-keylayout-osx Chakma Keyboard Layout for Mac OSX]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111209003042/http://dictionary.chakma.info/ Chakma Open Dictionary] *{{Cite web
| title = Chakma alphabet, pronunciation and language
| |||