Komárom: Difference between revisions

{{short description|City in Komárom-Esztergom county.countyc Hungary}}

'''Komárom''' (Hungarian: {{IPAc-hu|'|k|o|m|á|r|o|m}}; {{lang-de|Komorn}}; {{lang-la|Brigetio}}, later {{lang|la|Comaromium}}; {{lang-sk|Komárno}}) is a city in [[Hungary]] on the south bank of the [[Danube]] in [[Komárom-Esztergom County]]. [[Komárno]], [[Slovakia]], is on the northern bank. Komárom was formerly a separate village called {{lang|hu|Újszőny}}. In 1892 Komárom and Újszőny were connected with an iron bridge and in 1896 the two towns were united under the name city of Komárom. The fortress played an important role in the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]] and many contemporary English sources refer to it as the '''Fortress of Comorn'''.<ref>e.g. {{Cite book |last1=Ripley |first1=George |last2url=Anderson |first2https://books.google.com/books?id=CharlesiiXQ4MK_9nsC |title=The New American Cyclopaedia |last2=Anderson |first2=Charles |publisher=D. Appleton |year=1860 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iiXQ4MK_9nsC|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iiXQ4MK_9nsC&pg=PA363&lpg=PA363 362]}}</ref> On the south bank of the Danube, Komárom was formerly a separate village called Újszőny. On the northern bank of the Danube Komárom and Újszőny were connected with an iron bridge in 1892 and the two towns were united under the name city of Komárom in 1896. On 4th June 1920, the [[Treaty of Trianon]] split the city in two because the borders of [[Czechoslovakia]] were determined by the river [[Danube]]. This division separated the historical [[Komárom County|Komárom county]] of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] and the city of Komárom. The bigger northern part of the city was attached to [[Czechoslovakia]], renamed [[Komárno]], its created a sizable [[Hungarians in Slovakia|Hungarian minority]] in present-day [[Slovakia]]. The southern part of the city, lying south of the Danube, remained in Hungary. On 2 November 1938 by the [[First Vienna Award]], the northern part of the city was returned to Hungary and the divided Komárom reunified. At the end of [[World War II]] the city was again divided between Hungary and Czechoslovakia, Komárno is in today's [[Slovakia]] on the northern bank of the Danube.

On 10th January 1919, the Czechoslovak army occupied the northern part of the city. On 30th April, an unsuccessful Hungarian attempt was made to recapture that part of the city.<ref name="Komárom city website">{{Cite web |title=History of the city |url=https://www.komarom.hu/komaromrol.php |website=Komárom City Website |language=Hungarian}}</ref> On 4th June 1920, Hungary was forced to sign the [[Treaty of Trianon]] recognizing the new imposed borders including the border with [[Czechoslovakia]]. The loss of [[Upper Hungary|Upper-Hungary]] created a sizable [[Hungarians in Slovakia|Hungarian minority in Slovakia]]. The Treaty of Trianon split the city in two, the state of Czechoslovakia was formed the borders of the country on the river [[Danube]] divided the historical [[Komárom County|Komárom county]] and the city of Komárom.<ref name="Komarno city website">{{Cite web |title=The City of Komarno - Take a breath of history |url=https://komarno.sk/en/city/history/ |website=Komarno City Website}}</ref> The northern part of the city, which was the bigger part of the city, became part of Czechoslovakia, the town on the northern shore was renamed to [[Komárno]].<ref name="Komárom city website" /> After setting up the Czechoslovak administration, the ethnic composition of Komárno partially changed, but the Hungarians still outnumbered the Slovak population. During the years of the [[First Czechoslovak Republic]], Komárno became the cultural and social centre of the Hungarians in Czechoslovakia.<ref name="Komarno city website" /> The southern part of the city remained in Hungary, called Komárom-Újváros, was for a few years the seat of the truncated Komárom County.<ref name="Komárom city website" /> During the [[interwar period]], it was possible to travel between Komárom and Komárno with a passport, the only restriction was that the bridge was closed at 23:00, and people had to get back by then.<ref name="Komárom city website" /> On 2 November 1938 by the [[First Vienna Award]], Komárno was returned to Hungary and the divided Komárom reunified and became a county town once again.<ref name="Komarno city website" /> Regent of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Miklós Horthy]] receiving a tumultuous welcome from the citizens as he crossed the old bridge and entered the formerly dismembered part.<ref>{{cite AV media|url-status = dead|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hs1NjePbPho|title = YouTube, a Google company|website = [[YouTube]]|access-date = 2018-03-05|archive-date = 2019-06-10|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190610174719/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hs1NjePbPho}}</ref> During the [[World War II]] it was bombarded many times. At the end of war the city was again divided between Hungary and Czechoslovakia.<ref name="Komarno city website" />