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{{Short description|Third New Guinea expedition of Marquis de Rays}}
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[[Image:Derays1.jpg|thumb|right|220px|A map of de Rays' "Mythical Empire" of ''La Nouvelle France'']]
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}}</ref> The expedition attempted to establish a colony in a place the marquis called ''La Nouvelle France'',<ref name=Satchel/><ref name=Mus1>{{Cite web
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|access-date = 7 January 2012
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120808162808/http://newitaly.com.au/?page_id=32
|archive-date = 8 August 2012
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}}</ref> or New France,<ref name=IARP>{{Cite web
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}}</ref> which was the island now referred to as [[New Ireland (island)|New Ireland]]<ref name=Satchel/> in the [[Bismarck Archipelago]] of present-day [[Papua New Guinea]].<ref name=KMB/> Three hundred and forty<ref name=Satchel/><ref name=IARP/> Italian colonists aboard the ship ''[[India (ship)|India]]'' set sail from Barcelona in 1880<ref name=Satchel/> for this new land, seeking relief from the poor conditions in Italy at that time.<ref name=KMB/> One hundred and twenty-three colonists died before being rescued by Australian authorities. The marquis is widely believed to have deliberately misled the colonists, distributing literature claiming a bustling settlement existed at [[Port Breton]],<ref name=IARP/> near present-day [[Kavieng]], which had numerous public buildings, wide roads, and rich, [[arable land]].<ref name=Mus1/>▼
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070704144927/http://w2.vu.edu.au/iarp/Publications/italianpioneers.html
|archivedate = 4 July 2007
▲}}</ref> which was the island now referred to as [[New Ireland (island)|New Ireland]]<ref name=Satchel/> in the [[Bismarck Archipelago]] of present-day [[Papua New Guinea]].<ref name=KMB/> Three hundred and forty<ref name=Satchel/><ref name=IARP/> Italian colonists aboard the ship ''[[India (ship)|India]]'' set sail from Barcelona in 1880<ref name=Satchel/> for this new land, seeking relief from the poor conditions in Italy at that time.<ref name=KMB/> One hundred and twenty-three colonists died before being rescued by Australian authorities.{{clarify|date=April 2024}} The marquis is widely believed to have deliberately misled the colonists, distributing literature claiming a bustling settlement (with numerous public buildings, wide roads, and rich, [[arable land]]) existed at [[Port Breton]]
==The Paradise of New France==
[[File:La Nouvelle France 2.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Marquis De Rays]]
[[Image:Derays2.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Advertising material depicting colonists at Port Breton distributed in Europe in the late 19th century]]
In 1879, advertising was distributed widely throughout Europe by the Marquis telling of a paradise empire called New France. The advertising was cleverly worded and described the capital, Port Breton,<ref name=Mus1/> as a bustling new colony which had been successfully colonised by two prior expeditions. The advertising described majestic public buildings and a beautiful climate, similar to that of the [[French Riviera]]. There were also reports of great wide roads and [[arable land|arable]] farmland.<ref name=Mus1/>
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==Settlement in Port Breton==
Upon arriving in Port Breton, the colonists discovered there was no town, settlement, or empire of New France.<ref name="slq.qld.gov.au">{{SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/la-nouvelle-france-nineteenth-century-propaganda|title=La Nouvelle France: Nineteenth century propaganda|date=7 September 2022|authors=Stacey Larner|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref> Housing had not been built for them as promised, but they were able to salvage from the now derelict ''India'' and the remains of the two previous expeditions some three weeks supplies,<ref name=pngbd>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.pngbd.com/travel/tourism_guide_tpa/index.php
| title = New Ireland Province
| publisher = Papua New Guinea Business and Tourism
| year = 2002
| access-date = 22 June 2007
}}</ref> bricks,<ref name=pngbd/> notebooks and the makings of a mill.<ref name=pngbd/> The mill was never used, and parts of the grindstone can still be found at [[Kavieng]].<ref name=pngbd/> The stone itself is mounted as a memorial in [[Rabaul]].<ref>{{Cite web▼
| archive-date = 24 February 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180224182222/http://www.pngbd.com/travel/tourism_guide_tpa/index.php
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▲ }}</ref> bricks,<ref name=pngbd/> notebooks and the makings of a mill.<ref name=pngbd/> The mill was never used, and parts of the grindstone can still be found at [[Kavieng]].<ref name=pngbd/> The stone itself is mounted as a memorial in [[Rabaul]].<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an22703917
| title = Photograph of the Stone grinding wheel from Marquis de Rays' doomed New Ireland settlement
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==The voyage to Nouméa==
Settlers reportedly instructed the captain of the ''India'' to set sail for [[Sydney]], Australia, but instead, the ship
==Settlement in New Italy==
A handful of Port Breton settlers resettled in Cairns, Australia but the majority settled in New South Wales, forming the settlement known as Little Italy.<ref name="slq.qld.gov.au"/> The colonists found themselves in temporary accommodations for a short while, in the Old Agricultural Hall,<ref name=Mus2>{{Cite web
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}}</ref> as a media storm swelled around them. Eventually, they were hired out by the colony to English-speaking families for thirty pounds a year, in an attempt to force the Italians to assimilate into Australian culture.<ref name=IARP/><ref name=Mus2/> Families were torn apart, and many of the colonists hoped to settle an area of New South Wales, as enough skilled tradesmen existed among the settlers to form an established settlement. Hearing of land becoming available in the north, some colonists surveyed and individually claimed<ref name=IARP/><ref name=Mus2/> areas that collectively formed a {{convert|3000|acre|km2|0|sing=on}} parcel, and established the settlement of [[New Italy, New South Wales|New Italy]]<ref name=Satchel/><ref name=Mus2/> on the [[Richmond River]] near [[Woodburn, New South Wales|Woodburn]] in 1882. Many of the former colonists moved to that area.<ref name=IARP/><ref name=Mus2/>▼
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120808162631/http://newitaly.com.au/?page_id=34
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▲}}</ref> as a media storm swelled around them. Eventually, they were hired out by the colony to English-speaking families for thirty pounds a year, in an attempt to force the Italians to assimilate into Australian culture.<ref name=IARP/><ref name=Mus2/> Families were torn apart, and many of the colonists hoped to settle an area of New South Wales, as enough skilled tradesmen existed among the settlers to form an established settlement. Hearing of land becoming available in the north, some colonists surveyed and individually claimed<ref name=IARP/><ref name=Mus2/> areas that collectively formed a {{convert|3000|acre|km2|0|
The settlement is now deserted, but a museum exists on the site as part of the New Italy Visitor Centre, cafe and rest area, adjacent to the A1 Pacific Highway.<ref name=KMB/>
==External links==▼
[http://www.newitaly.com.au New Italy Museum website]▼
==References==
{{Reflist
▲==External links==
▲*[http://www.newitaly.com.au New Italy Museum website]
*Blog – [https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/la-nouvelle-france-nineteenth-century-propaganda La Nouvelle France: Nineteenth century propaganda], State Library of Queensland.
*[https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/bumb4u/alma99183978086302061 La Nouvelle France : journal de la colonie libre de Port-Breton, Oceanie], 1879- 1881 – digitised Journal issued to advertise the enterprise launched by the Marquis de Rays.
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:History of French Polynesia]]
[[Category:History of Australia (1851–1900)]]
[[Category:
[[Category:European colonisation in Oceania]]
[[Category:Pacific expeditions]]
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