Su (surname): Difference between revisions

| name = Sū

| image = 蘇-seal.svg

| caption = The Chinese character 蘇 in [[seal script]]

| romanisation = Su, Soo, So, Soh, Sou, Souw, Thu, Tô

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| language = Chinese languages, Japanese, Vietnamese, Korean, Filipino

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It was listed 42nd among the [[Song Dynastydynasty|Song]]-era list of the ''[[Hundred Family Surnames]]''.

In 2019 it was the 46th most common surname in Mainlandmainland China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/20/676822.html|title = 新京报 - 好新闻，无止境}}</ref>

{{lang|zh|蘇}} and {{lang|zh|苏}} are also romanized '''[[SO (disambiguation)#People|So]]''' and '''[[Sou (surname)|Sou]]''' in [[Cantonese]]; '''[[Soh (surname)|Soh]]''' and '''[[Souw (surname)|Souw]]''' in [[Southern Min]] dialects; '''[[Soh (surname)|Soh]]''' in [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]]; and '''[[Thu (surname)|Thu]]''' in [[Gan Chinese|Gan]].

This Chinese name is also the source of the [[Vietnamese surname]] '''[[Tô (surname)|Tô]]''' ([[Chữ Nôm]]: {{lang|zh|蘇}}); the [[Korean surname]] {{lang|ko|{{linktext|소}}}}, which is [[romanization of Korean|romanized]] '''[[So (Korean name)|So]]'''; the [[Japanese surname]] {{lang|ja|{{linktext|蘇}}}}, which is also [[romanization of Japanese|romanized]] '''[[SO (disambiguation)#People|So]]'''; and the Filipino/Tagalog surname '''So'''. Also, the Filipino family name "Solon" is a [[Hispanicized]] version of So. The Solon clan coming from Cebu are famous for their ancestors who were government officials. The Solons were originally from [[Guangdong|Canton]].

Su was the [[list of common Chinese surnames#People's Republic|41st-most-common]] Chinese surname in the [[Mainland China|Mainlandmainland]] during the [[1982 Chinese census|1982 census]] and the 45th-most-common in the 2007 report on [[hukou system|household registrations]] released by the [[Chinese Ministry of Public Security]].<!--cites on linkthrough--> It has been listed as the [[list of common Chinese surnames#Republic|23rd-most-common]] Chinese surname onin [[Taiwan]].<ref>Yang Xuxian. 《台灣百大姓氏》[''Taiwan's Hundred 'Big Families<nowiki>'</nowiki>'']. {{in lang|zh}}</ref>

Su is a somewhat common surname in the [[United States]], listed 5,897th during the [[1990 US Censuscensus|1990 census]] and 3,835th during the year [[2000 US Censuscensus|2000 one]].<ref name="PBS">[[US Census Bureau]]. Op. cit. [[Public Broadcasting Service]]. "[https://www.pbs.org/pov/thesweetestsound/popularityindex.php How Popular Is Your Last Name?]" Accessed 6 Apr 2012.</ref> The other romanizations are less popular: So (8527 & 5167), Soo (17545 & 22160), Sou (77891 & 30226), Thu (49039 & 64912), and Soh (unlisted & 40074); Souw had fewer than one hundred resident bearers in the United States during both censuses and was unlisted both times.<ref name="PBS"/>

[[Statistics Canada]] does not release surname lists from its censuses, but Su and So were both listed among the 200-most-common peculiarly [[Chinese-Canadian]] surnames in a 2010 survey of the [[Registered Persons Database]] of all current and former [[Canadian health card]] recipients in the province of [[Ontario]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Shah | first1 = B. R. | last2 = Chiu | first2 = M. | last3 = Amin | first3 = S. | last4 = Ramani | first4 = M. | last5 = Sadry | first5 = S. | last6 = Tu | first6 = J. V. | doi = 10.1186/1471-2288-10-42 | title = Surname lists to identify South Asian and Chinese ethnicity from secondary data in Ontario, Canada: A validation study | journal = BMC Medical Research Methodology | volume = 10 | pages = 42 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20470433| pmc =2877682 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

The character {{lang|zh|蘇}} was formed by the addition of the [[grass radical]] ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|艹}}}}) to the characterphonetic component {{lang|zh|{{linktext|穌}}}} (<small>[[simplified characters|s]]</small> {{lang|zh|{{linktext|稣}}}}, ''sū'', "revive"), itself a combination of the characters for "fish" (<small>[[traditional characters|t]]</small> {{lang|zh|{{linktext|魚}}}}, <small>[[simplified characters|s]]</small> {{lang|zh|{{linktext|鱼}}}}, ''yú'') and "grain" ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|禾}}}}, ''hé'').

Another derives from [[Su Chasheng]] who was [[sikou|Minister of Justice]] under King [[King Wu of Zhou|Wu]] of the [[Zhou dynasty]] and revived the former region of Su as his fief, with a new capital city at [[Wen County, Henan|Wen]] (modern [[Wen County, Henan|Wen County]] in [[Henan]]). He is also considered to be the ancestor of the [[Wen (surname 溫)|Wen]]{{which|date=May 2020}} family.

Prior to the [[Qin Dynastydynasty]], the Su clan mainly resided in Henan and [[Hebei]], but, during the [[Warring States period]], one group moved southward into [[Hubei]] and [[Hunan]] and another west into [[Shaanxi]]. Under the Qin and Han, this Shaanxi clan became a prominent and distinguished family while a third group of clans moved east into [[Shandong]].

Large numbers of Su moved into [[Sichuan]] and [[Fujian]] during the [[Tang Dynastydynasty]]. During the [[northern Song Dynastydynasty|Northern Song]], they moved further southward to [[Guizhou]], [[Guangdong]], and [[Guangxi]]. Their current relative popularity onin Taiwan began following migrations during the [[Ming Dynastydynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing Dynastydynasty|Qing]].

In the Philippines, "Solon" athe rare family name, is''Solon'' derives from the surname ''So''/''Su''.{{Citation Theneeded|date=December reason behind the original Chinese name So becoming "Solon" is due to the Spaniards during the [[Spanish Colonial Period]].2022}}

* [[Soh Kwang-pom]], Korean reformist of the late Joseon Dynastydynasty

* [[Tô Hiến Thành]], a Vietnamese official under the [[Lý Dynastydynasty]]

* [[Tô Trung Từ]], a high ranking general and attempted usurper of the Lý Dynastydynasty