Ū (Indic): Difference between revisions

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==Āryabhaṭa numeration==

{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}

[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The ू modifier sign was used to modify a consonant's value {{e|4}}, but the vowel letter ऊ did not have an inherent value by itself.<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}}</ref>

 

 

===Brahmi Ū===

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|+Brahmi Ū historic forms

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| [[File:Brahmi uu.svg|37px]] || No sample<!--[[Image:Gupta girnar uu.svg|37px]]--> || No sample<!--[[Image:Gupta ashoka uu.svg|37px]]--> || [[Image:Gupta gujarat uu.svg|37px]] || No sample<!--[[Image:Gupta allahabad uu.svg|37px]]-->

 

===Tocharian Ū===

The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter uu.gif|25px|Uu]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi uu.svg|13px|Uu]]. Unlike some of the consonants, Tocharian vowels do not have a [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form.

{|class="wikitable"

|+Tocharian consonants with Ū vowel marks

 

===Kharoṣṭhī Ū===

The Kharoṣṭhī letter Ū is indicated with the [[U (Indic)#Kharoṣṭhī U|U]] vowel mark [[File:Буква U (залежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi vowel sign U.svg|15px|Uu]] plus the vowel length mark [[File:Довгий голосний (залежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharosthi vowel length mark.svg|15px]]. As an independent vowel, Ū is indicated by adding the vowel marks to the independent vowel letter [[A (Indic)#Kharoṣṭhī A|A]] [[File:Буква А (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter A.svg|15px|A]].

 

==Devanagari Ū==

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{{multiple image

| width = 100px

| alt1 = Ū vowel

| image2 = Devanagari uu sign.png

 

===Devanagari Using Languages===

* () + () gives the ligature :

[[File: Devanagari letter X.svg|100px]]-->

 

==Bengali Ū==

{{multiple image

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| footer = Bengali independent Ū and Ū vowel sign.

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'''Ū''' ('''ঊ''') is a vowel of the [[Bengali script|Bengali]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham uu.svg|13px|Ū]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, ऊ.

 

===Bengali Script Using Languages===

* () + () gives the ligature :

[[File: Bengali letter X.svg|100px]]-->

| footer = Gujarati independent Ū and Ū vowel sign.

}}

 

===Gujarati-using Languages===

[[File:Gujarati letter Ruu.svg|100px]]

 

{{multiple image

| width = 100px

}}

'''Ū''' ('''ఊ''') is a vowel of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi uu.svg|13px|Ū]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಊ'''. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Vowel signs in Telugu can interact with a base consonant in one of three ways: 1) the vowel sign touches or sits adjacent to the base consonant without modifying the shape of either 2) the vowel sign sits directly above the consonant, replacing its v-shaped headline, 3) the vowel sign and consonant interact, forming a ligature.

[[File:Telugu Uu matra.svg|thumb|center|550px|Telugu Ū vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Kū, Khū, Gū, Ghū and Ngū. As a right-side attaching vowel mark, it does not alter the shape of the underlying consonant, although there are variants of the vowel mark that attach in different ways.]]

 

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'''Ū''' ('''ഊ''') is a vowel of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi uu.svg|13px|Ū]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha vowel Uu.svg|x15px|Ū]] ''uu''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. Some vowel signs, such as Ū, can also form a ligature with some consonants, although this is much more common in old-style ''paḻaya lipi'' texts than in the modern [[Malayalam script#Orthography reform|reformed]] ''paḻaya lipi'' orthography.

[[File:Malayalam Uu matra.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam Ū vowel sign on ക, ഖ, ഗ, ഘ, & ങ: Kū, Khū, Gū, Ghū and Ngū in ''paḻaya lipi''.]]

 

==Odia Ū==

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==References==

{{reflist}}

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