St Pauls, Bristol: Difference between revisions

{{infobox UK place|

| country = England

| official_name = St PaulsPaul's

| coordinates = {{coord|51.4656|-2.5820|display=inline,title}}

| map_type = Bristol

| civil_parish =

| population =

|lieutenancy_england unitary_england = [[Bristol]]

| region = South West England

| constituency_westminster = [[Bristol WestCentral (UK Parliament constituency)|Bristol WestCentral]]

| post_town = BRISTOL

| postcode_district = BS2

| postcode_area = BS

| dial_code = 0117

| os_grid_reference = ST596742

'''St Pauls''' (also written '''St Paul's''') is an [[inner suburb]] of [[Bristol]], [[England]], situatedlying just north eastnortheast of the [[Bristol city]] centre|city centre]] and west of the [[M32 motorway|M32]]. It is bounded by the [[A38 road|A38]] (Stokes Croft), the [[B4051 road|B4051]] (Ashley Road), the [[A4032 road|A4032]] (Newfoundland RoadWay) and the [[A4044 road|A4044]] (Newfoundland Street), although the traditional[[River southernFrome, boundaryBristol|River beforeFrome]] thewas M32traditionally usedthe toeastern beboundary before the [[RiverA4032 Frome,was Bristol|Frome]]constructed.<ref>{{cite web|title=St Pauls|url=http://www.bearpitheritage.org.uk/category/1700s-onwards/the-parishes-of-st-james-and-st-pauls/|website=Stories around Bristol’s Bearpit|publisher=Bearpit Improvement Group|access-date=19 December 2015|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081910/http://www.bearpitheritage.org.uk/category/1700s-onwards/the-parishes-of-st-james-and-st-pauls/|url-status=live}}</ref> InSt thePauls earlywas 18thlaid centuryout itin wasthe laidearly out18th century as one of Bristol's first [[suburb]]s.

In the 1870s, the Brooks Dye Works opened on the edge of St PaulsPaul's and became a major local employer, leading to the construction of terraced houses.<ref>{{cite web|title=St Pauls Unlimited Community Partnership|url=http://www.voscur.org/sites/voscur.org/files/Business%20Plan%20SPU%2020142017.pdf|publisher=Voscur|accessdateaccess-date=19 December 2015|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222105057/http://www.voscur.org/sites/voscur.org/files/Business%20Plan%20SPU%2020142017.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Together with [[Human migration|migration]] to Bristol, both from overseas and within Britain, this led to St PaulsPaul's becoming a densely populated suburb by the [[Victorian era]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Plaster|first1=Andrew|title=St James Priory|url=http://www.bafhs.org.uk/our-parishes/medieval-parishes/56-st-james|publisher=Bristol & Avon Family History Society|accessdateaccess-date=19 December 2015|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222082648/http://www.bafhs.org.uk/our-parishes/medieval-parishes/56-st-james|url-status=live}}</ref>

The area was bomb damaged during [[World War II]]. Rebuilding and investment was focused on new housing estates such as [[Hartcliffe]] and [[Southmead]] rather than St PaulsPaul's, and this contributed to a decline in the quality of the area. During the large-scale [[immigration]] of the 1950s, many people moved from [[Jamaica]] and [[Ireland]], and settled in St PaulsPaul's.<ref>{{cite news|title=Protest revealed city had its own 'dream'|url=http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Protest-revealed-city-dream/story-19711179-detail/story.html|accessdateaccess-date=19 December 2015|work=Bristol Post|issue=27 August 2013|archive-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907181306/http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Protest-revealed-city-dream/story-19711179-detail/story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Beckford|first1=George L.|last2=Levitt|first2=Kari|title=The George Beckford Papers|date=2000|publisher=Canoe Press|isbn=9789768125408|page=369|url=https://books.google.co.ukcom/books?id=5mfHm1SlrrsC&pg=PA369&lpg=PA369&dqq=St+Pauls,%2C+Bristol+Immigration+Jamaica&sourcepg=bl&otsPA369|access-date=98kfCSISPS&sig7 November 2020|archive-date=y9di0jT7TYTQcS5h0beW4XfgxCo&hl11 February 2023|archive-url=en&sahttps://web.archive.org/web/20230211103852/https://books.google.com/books?id=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJg6_Mr-jJAhULHxoKHasLDMw4ChDoAQgrMAM#v=onepage5mfHm1SlrrsC&q=St%20Pauls+Pauls%2C%20Bristol%20Immigration%20Jamaica+Bristol+Immigration+Jamaica&fpg=PA369|url-status=falselive}}</ref>

In 1963 St PaulsPaul's became the focus of attention when members of the [[British African-Caribbean community]] organised the [[Bristol Bus Boycott, 1963|Bristol Bus Boycott]] to protest against the racist employment policy of the [[Bristol Omnibus Company]] which operated a [[Racial segregation|colour bar]], refusing employment to non-white workers as bus crews. This policy was overturned in August of that year after sixty days of protest and the action helped establish the [[Race Relations Act 1968]].<ref name="dresser#4">{{cite book|last=Dresser|first=Madge|title=Black and White On the Buses|publisher=Bristol Broadsides|location=Bristol|year=1986|pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackwhiteonbuse0000dres/page/47 47–50]|isbn=0-906944-30-9|url=https://archive.org/details/blackwhiteonbuse0000dres/page/47}}</ref>

A riot followed a police raid on the [[Black and White Café]] in St PaulsPaul's on 2 April 1980. The [[1980 St Pauls riot|St Paul's riot]] started when the police entered the Black and White Cafécafé, knowing that the premises was being used for drug dealing. A customer had his trousers ripped and demanded compensation, which the police refused. A crowd outside then refused to allow the police to leave, and when back -up was called a riot started.<ref>[httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20080120015226/http://members.lycos.co.uk/brisray/bristol/briot.htm Bristol Riots] with the St PaulsPaul's riot at the bottom of the page</ref> The riots were quickly blamed on race, but both white and black youths from both [[Irish people|Irish]] and [[Jamaicans|Jamaican]] backgrounds and some [[English people|English]] fought against the police and the problems are thought to have been linked instead to poverty and perceived social injustices, predominantly the [[Sus law]] and anti -Irish feelings from [[Irish Republican Army|IRA]] activity on the main landmainland.

In 1990 a Bristol and, St Pauls blackPaul's politician Mr. Kuomba Balogun, Chairmanchairman of the [[Bristol West (UK Parliament constituency)|Bristol West]] [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], was reported in the ''[[Bristol Evening Post]]'' of 2 February, as saying: ''"We make a public plea to the IRA to consider ways of strongly giving some assistance to the armed wing of the ANC in the same light as Colonel GaddaffiGaddafi sought to assist in the liberation of the people of Ireland.''" An [[Early Day Motion|early day motion]] was presented in Parliament calling on him to be expelled from the Labour Party forthwith.<ref>{{cite web|title=House of Commons Hansard Debates for 8 Feb 1990|url=httphttps://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm198990/cmhansrd/1990-02-08/Debate-2.html#Debate-2_spnew6|publisher=Hansard|accessdateaccess-date=23 July 2016|archive-date=22 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822194506/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm198990/cmhansrd/1990-02-08/Debate-2.html#Debate-2_spnew6|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref>{{cite news|last1=Churchill|first1=L.|title=Former St Paul's probation office turns into 'drugs den' |url=http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/St-Paul-s-probation-office-turns-drugs-den/story-27464630-detail/story.html|accessdate=19 December 2015|work=Bristol Post|date=22 July 2015}}</ref> This area of the city has also suffered its share offrom gun violence, reaching a high point in the early 2000s (decade) when rival Jamaican [[Yardie]] and drug gangs such as the British [[Aggi Crew]] fought turf wars over territory.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thompson|first1=Tony|title=Britain's most dangerous hard drug den|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/feb/09/drugsandalcohol.tonythompson|accessdateaccess-date=19 December 2015|work=Guardian|date=9 February 2003|archive-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121050458/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/feb/09/drugsandalcohol.tonythompson|url-status=live}}</ref> The drugs war between the feuding factions was extinguished following en masse arrests of members of the Yardies and the Aggi Crew, with many of the foreign drug dealers being deported back to Jamaica.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

The Black and White Café was closed in March 2005, and has been demolished to make way for houses after a [[compulsory purchase order]]. Now{{When|date=June 2024}} the area is experiencing a positive [[urban renewal]] with the St. PaulsPaul's Unlimited scheme.

St PaulsPaul's has a large [[British African-Caribbean community|African-Caribbean]] population. The relative [[poverty]] of the area has created a strong [[community]] spirit which is shown in the [[St Pauls Carnival]], similar to the [[Notting Hill Carnival]] in [[London]]. It has been run annually since 1967 except for a hiatus in 2015–2017,<ref>{{Cite andweb|url=https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/st-pauls-carnival-2018-not-1742322|title=St Paul's Carnival 2018: Why has it nownot been on for the past three years?|last=Murray|first=Robin|date=4 July 2018|website=Bristol Post|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204230932/https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/st-pauls-carnival-2018-not-1742322|url-status=live}}</ref> and by 2006 attractsattracted an average of 40,000 people each year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stpaulsunlimited.org.uk/news/carnival2007.doc |title=St Paul's Carnival 2007 |accessdateaccess-date=24 December 2006 |format=MSWord |work=letter from the Chairman |archiveurlarchive-url = httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20070927234156/http://www.stpaulsunlimited.org.uk/news/carnival2007.doc <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedatearchive-date = 27 September 2007}}</ref> ThisThe event is a vibrant [[Carnival|parade]] with local [[primary school]]s and community groups joining in.<ref>{{cite web

|accessdateaccess-date=28 February 2010

|title = '''Neighbouring areas of Bristol.'''

The main Parksparks are St. Agnes Park and St. Paul's Park., Theretogether alsowith Portland and Brunswick squares. Other greensgreen spaces include Grosvenor Road Triangle, and Dalrymple Road Park,. thereA isfootbridge additional green space outsideover the communityA4032 centreallows andaccess offto Wildernearby Street.Riverside TherePark, isalongside alsothe a foot bridge that links to Riverside ParkFrome.

[[Image:St Paul's Church, Bristol.jpg|thumb|lrightright|upright|[[St Paul's Church, Bristol]]]]

Many of the buildings in St PaulsPaul's are from the [[Georgian period]] with. [[Portland Square, Bristol|Portland Square]], and [[St PaulsPaul's Church, Bristol|St Paul's Church]] as(completed particularlyin 1794) are fine examples of [[Georgian architecture]]; in the area. Bothboth were designed by Daniel Hague.<ref>{{Cite although the originalweb |title=St PaulsPaul's Church was to be designed by James Allen in a Greek style|url=http://www.about-bristol.co.uk/chu-15.asp Work|url-status=live was started on the church in 1789 and completed in 1794|archive-url=https://web.<ref>[archive.org/web/20070626195120/http://www.about-bristol.co.uk/chu-15.asp St|archive-date=26 Paul'sJune Church]2007 |access-date=10 March 2010 |website=About Bristol}}</ref> [[EdwardThe Williamchurch Godwin]],fell ainto famousdisuse [[Victorianin era|Victorian]] architect1988, livedand at Portland Square. Inin 2005 the church was converted intofor its present formrole as the home of '[[Circomedia]]',<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.circomedia.com/ |title=Circomedia] |access-date=29 June 2006 |archive-date=30 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630083205/http://www.circomedia.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> a circus school. [[Edward William Godwin]] (1833–1886), a famous architect, lived in Portland Square.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

In May 2007, proposals were announced to build about {{convert|753000|sqft|m2}} net of homes, offices and businesses, in the St PaulsPaul's area. The development, if approved, may include a {{convert|600|ft|m|abbr=on}}, 40-storey, tower next to the [[M32 motorway]] as a new entrance to the city. The tower would be a similar shape to the [[30 St Mary Axe|Swiss Re "gherkin" tower]] in [[London]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/6661301.stm | work=BBC News | title=Tower could spearhead development | date=16 May 2007 | accessdateaccess-date=24 May 2010 | archive-date=5 September 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070905010446/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/6661301.stm | url-status=live }}</ref>

St Pauls is part of the [[Ashley (Bristol ward)|Ashley ward]] of [[Bristol City Council]], along with [[St Agnes, Bristol|St Agnes]], [[St Andrews, Bristol|St Andrews]], [[Montpelier, Bristol|Montpelier]] and [[St Werburghs, Bristol|St Werburghs]].<ref>{{cite web

|title=Ashley Ward profile|format=PDF

|publisher=Bristol City Council
|page=8

|accessdateaccess-date=28 February 2010

[[Category:Areas of Bristol|Pauls,Saint StPauls]]