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[[File:McLaren M23 rear.jpg|thumb|The [[McLaren M23]]'s rear brakes nestle between the universal joints and the transaxle]]
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
An '''inboard braking system''' is an [[automobile]] technology wherein the [[disc brake]]s are mounted on the chassis of the vehicle, rather than directly on the wheel hubs. The advantage is a reduction in the [[unsprung weight]] of the wheel hubs, as this no longer includes the brake discs and calipers.▼
▲An '''inboard
Inboard brakes are fitted to a driven axle of the car, as they require a drive shaft to link the wheel to the brake. Most have thus been used for rear-wheel drive cars, although four-wheel drive and some front-wheel drives have also used them. A rare few rear wheel drive racing cars have also used inboard front discs, accepting the need to provide a drive shaft just to gain the unsprung weight advantage.▼
==Description==
▲Inboard brakes are fitted to a driven axle of the car, as they require a drive shaft to link the wheel to the brake. Most have thus been used for rear-wheel drive cars, although four-wheel drive and some front-wheel drives have also used them. A rare few rear wheel drive racing cars (e.g., the [[Lotus 72]]) have also used inboard front discs, accepting the need to provide a
Inboard brakes for early racing cars have rarely used [[drum brake]]s, although nearly all inboard brakes date from the [[disc brake]] era.
[[File:Alfa Transaxle.jpg|thumb|[[Alfa Romeo 75]] rear [[transaxle]]]]
Excepting the case of vehicles with beam axles and vehicles having no suspension, in practice it is normal for inboard brakes to be mounted rigidly with respect to the body of the vehicle, often to the [[differential (mechanical device)|differential]] casing. This is done to move the weight of the braking mechanism from being carried by the wheels directly
The benefit of such a system is primarily the reduction of unsprung weight which improves [[car handling|handling]] and [[Ride quality|ride]]. The suspension does not have to resist twisting when the brakes are applied. The wheels don't enclose the brake mechanism allowing greater flexibility in [[
The mechanical disadvantages are largely those of added complexity. Undriven wheels require a brake shaft. Mounted inboard, it is more difficult to arrange for cooling air to flow over the rotor and air ducting can be required to prevent brake fade.
Inboard brakes also affect anti-pitch suspension geometry.
There can be practical difficulties in servicing the brake mechanism. Instead of simply removing a wheel to renew pads and discs, the vehicle may need to be jacked up, so a mechanic can work underneath the vehicle. Additionally renewing brake discs can require dismantling the half axle. This greatly discourages their use in motorsport, and the additional time makes for greater labour cost when servicing these parts.
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This system was more common in the 1960s, found on such cars as the [[Jaguar E-Type]] and [[Citroën 2CV]]. The [[Hummer H1]] is one of the few modern vehicles fitted with inboard brakes, to accommodate each wheel's [[portal gear]] system.
[[Hybrid
==Examples==
* [[Alfa Romeo Alfasud]], front wheels have inboard discs.
* [[Alfa Romeo Alfetta]], [[Alfa Romeo
* [[Audi 100]]
* [[British Racing Motors]]: Some BRM racing cars had a single inboard disc brake, acting on both back wheels.
* [[Citroën 2CV]], [[Citroën DS|DS]], [[Citroën GS|GS]], [[Citroën SM|SM]], [[Citroën Ami|Ami]], [[Citroën Dyane|Dyane]], [[Citroën Axel|Axel]] and other [[Citroën]] models
* [[Cord L-29]]
* [[Corvette Stingray (concept car)]] not really a concept but a racing model.
* [[DKW Junior]] plus other models
*[[Devin SS]]
*[[Ferrari 312]] Formula One car
* [[Hummer H1]]
* [[Jaguar E-Type]], [[Jaguar XJ]] (until XJ40), [[Jaguar XJ-S]], [[Jaguar
* [[Lancia Aprilia]], [[Lancia Aurelia|Aurelia]]
* [[Lotus Twelve]] racing car, and most other racing Lotuses after.
* [[Lotus Elite]], [[Lotus Elan|Elan]] and [[Lotus Esprit|Esprit]]
* [[Maserati]], [[Maserati_Quattroporte|Quattroporte II (AM123, 1974–1978)]]
* [[Mercedes-Benz W196]] and [[Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR|300SLR]]
* [[Monteverdi Hai 450 SS]]
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* [[Rover P6]]
* [[Subaru G]] (FF1 had inboard drums front only)
* [[TVR Tasmin]]
* [[Volkswagen K70]]
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