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{{Short description|Geological formation in England}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Taynton Limestone
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| location_ts = Lee's Quarry, Taynton Down, Oxfordshire
}}
The '''Taynton Limestone'''<ref name="middlejurassicdistribution">Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Middle Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 538–541. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.</ref> is a geological [[Formation (geology)|formation]] in [[Oxfordshire]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. It dates to the [[Middle Jurassic]], mid-[[Bathonian]] stage.<ref name=benson2009>Benson, R.B.J. (2009). "An assessment of variability in theropod dinosaur remains from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of Stonesfield and New Park Quarry, UK and taxonomic implications for ''Megalosaurus bucklandii'' and ''Iliosuchus incognitus''." ''Palaeontology'', {{doi|10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00884.x}}</ref> It predominantly consists of [[Oolite|ooidal]] [[grainstone]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=TY|title=Taynton Limestone Formation|website=BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref> The term "'''Stonesfield Slate'''" refers to slaty limestone horizons within the formation that during the 18th and 19th centuries were extensively quarried for use in roof tiling within the vicinity of [[Stonesfield]], [[Oxfordshire]]. Previously these were thought to belong to the [[Sharp's Hill Formation]], but boreholes and shaft sections suggest that at least three horizons within the Taynton Limestone were quarried for the slate.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Boneham|first1=B.F.W.|last2=Wyatt|first2=R.J.|date=January 1993|title=The stratigraphical position of the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Stonesfield Slate of Stonesfield, Oxfordshire, UK|journal=Proceedings of the Geologists' Association|volume=104|issue=2|pages=123–136|doi=10.1016/S0016-7878(08)80014-4|bibcode=1993PrGA..104..123B }}</ref> These horizons are well known for producing a diverse set of fossils including those of plants, insects as well as vertebrates, including some of the earliest known mammals, pterosaurs as well as those of first dinosaur ever described, ''[[Megalosaurus]].''
== Vertebrate fauna ==
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|Two ilia
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|A theropod dinosaur. Not distingusiable from ''[[Megalosaurus]]''
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|Isolated remains including several dentaries, maxillas and postcranial bones from multiple individuals
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|A [[Megalosauridae|
|[[File:Megalosaurus 5.svg|center|frameless]]
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{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
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! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Mammaliamorph]]s of the Stonesfield Slate'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Stonesfield Slate, near Oxford (BMNH fish)|url=
|-
! Taxa
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|Partial left mandible and a right mandible
| rowspan="2" |[[Amphitheriida]]e
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Amphitherium.jpg|center|frameless]]
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|''A. rixoni''
|Right dentary
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|''[[Stereognathus]]''
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|Teeth
|[[Tritylodontidae|Tritylodontid]]
|[[File:StereognathusooliticusToothOwen1857.png|center|frameless]]
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|''[[Phascolotherium]]''
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|Right mandible and left ramus
|Amphilestid
|[[File:Stonsefield mammal.jpg|center|frameless]]
|}
=== Fish ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''Fish of the Stonesfield Slate'''<ref name=":0" />
|-
! Taxa
!Species
! Material
!Location
! Notes
! Images
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|''[[Breviacanthus]]''
|''Breviacanthus brevis''
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| rowspan="14" |Stonesfield Slate quarries
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|''[[Ganodus]]''
|Spp.
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| rowspan="2" |[[Chimaera|Chimaeriformes]]
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|''[[Ischyodus]]''
|''Ischyodus emarginatus''
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|''[[Aspidorhynchus]]''
|''Aspidorhynchus crassus''
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|''[[Pholidophorus]]''
|Indeterminate
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|''[[Leptolepis]]''
|''Leptolepis disjectus''
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|''[[Pycnodus]]''
|Indeterminate
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|''[[Mesodon (fish)|Mesodon]]''
|''Mesodon tenuidens''
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|''[[Microdon (fish)|Microdon]]''
|''Microdon biserialis''
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|''[[Lepidotus]]''
|''Lepidotus tuberculatus''
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|''[[Macrosemius]]''
|''Macrosemius sp.''
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|''[[Undina (fish)|Undina]]''
|''Undina ? barroviensis''
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|A [[coelacanth]]
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|''[[Ceratodus (genus)|Ceratodus]]''
|''Ceratodus phillipsi''
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|A lungfish
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|''[[Egertonodus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rees |first1=Jan |last2=Underwood |first2=Charlie J. |date=January 2008 |title=Hybodont Sharks of the English Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic) |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=117–147 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00737.x |issn=0031-0239|doi-access=free |bibcode=2008Palgy..51..117R }}</ref>
|''Egertonodus duffini''
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|A [[hybodont]] shark
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|''[[Palaeocarcharias]]''?<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Underwood |first1=Charlie J. |last2=Ward |first2=David J. |date=May 2004 |title=Neoselachian sharks and rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=447–501 |doi=10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00386.x |issn=0031-0239|doi-access=free |bibcode=2004Palgy..47..447U }}</ref>
|Indeterminate
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|Possibly the oldest [[lamniform]] shark
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|NHM, In. 34379, a ventral compression missing the head
| An [[Ommatidae|ommatine]] beetle
| [[File:Blapsium egertoni.jpg|center|frameless]]
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|''[[Palaeontina]]''
|''P. oolitica''
|Forewing
|Type species of [[Palaeontinidae]]
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|''[[Pheugothemis]]''
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|Damsel-dragonfly of uncertain placement, while historically described as a member of Gomphidae, Huang et al. 2019 state that it "can[not] be accurately attributed to the Gomphidae, or even the Gomphida."
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== Flora ==
The flora known from the Stonesfield Slate comprises a relatively diverse flora, with 25 morphospecies present. It primarily represents a coastal environment, perhaps seasonally dry
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
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|''[[Pachypteris
|''P. macrophylla''
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|A "[[Pteridospermatophyta|Pteridosperm]]", likely either a member of [[Peltaspermales]] or [[Corystospermales]]
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|Member of
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|''[[Bucklandia]]''
|''B. bucklandii''
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|''[[Masculostrobus]]''
|Indeterminate
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|''[[Classostrobus]]''
|Indeterminate
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|A conifer of uncetain affinities
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|''[[Carpolithes]]''
|''Carpolithes diospyriformis'', ''Carpolithes sp.''
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|''[[Phyllites]]''
|sp.
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* [[List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations]]
{{
== References ==
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[[Category:Jurassic System of Europe]]
[[Category:Limestone formations]]
[[Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of
[[Category:Paleontology in the United Kingdom]]
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