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{{Short description|Geological formation in England}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Taynton Limestone
Line 24 ⟶ 25:
| location_ts = Lee's Quarry, Taynton Down, Oxfordshire
}}
The '''Taynton Limestone'''<ref name="middlejurassicdistribution">Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Middle Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 538–541. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.</ref> is a geological [[Formation (geology)|formation]] in [[Oxfordshire]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. It dates to the [[Middle Jurassic]], mid-[[Bathonian]] stage.<ref name=benson2009>Benson, R.B.J. (2009). "An assessment of variability in theropod dinosaur remains from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of Stonesfield and New Park Quarry, UK and taxonomic implications for ''Megalosaurus bucklandii'' and ''Iliosuchus incognitus''." ''Palaeontology'', {{doi|10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00884.x}}</ref> It
== Vertebrate fauna ==
===
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="
|-
! Taxa
!Species
! Material
!Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|''[[Iliosuchus]]''
|''I. incognitus''
|Two ilia
|
|A theropod dinosaur. Not distingusiable from ''[[Megalosaurus]]''
|
|-
|''[[Megalosaurus]]''
|''M. bucklandii''
|Isolated remains including several dentaries, maxillas and postcranial bones from multiple individuals
|
|A [[Megalosauridae|megalosaurid]] theropod dinosaur, also present in the [[Chipping Norton Formation|Chipping Norton]] and [[Sharp's Hill Formation]]s
|[[File:Megalosaurus 5.svg|center|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Klobiodon]]<ref name="Martill18">Michael O’Sullivan; David M. Martill (2018). "Pterosauria of the Great Oolite Group (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) of Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire, England". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Online edition. doi:10.4202/app.00490.2018.</ref>''
|''K. rochei''
|Partial dentary with teeth
|
|A [[Rhamphorhynchidae|rhamphorhynchid]] [[pterosaur]]
|[[File:Klobiodon rochei.jpg|center|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Protochelys]]''
|''P. blakii''
|Isolated epidermal scales, coracoid, plastron fragment<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anquetin|first1=Jérémy|last2=Claude|first2=Julien|date=2008|title=Reassessment of the oldest British turtle: Protochelys from the Middle Jurassic Stonesfield Slate of Stonesfield, Oxfordshire, UK|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228495390|journal=Geodiversitas|volume=30|issue=2|pages=331–344}}</ref>
|
|Nomen dubium, [[Testudinata]] indet
|
|-
|''[[Teleosaurus]]''
|''T. geoffroyi''
|
|
|An indeterminate [[Teleosauridae|Teleosaurid]]. Probably the same animal as ''Teleosaurus cadomensis''.
|
|-
|[[Monofenestrata]]<ref name="Martill18" />
|Indeterminate
|Vertebrae
|
|
|
|-
|[[Rhamphorhynchidae]]<ref name="Martill18" />
|Indeterminate
|Various isolated remains
|
|
|
|}
Line 102 ⟶ 93:
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Mammaliamorph]]s of the Stonesfield Slate'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Stonesfield Slate, near Oxford (BMNH fish)|url=
|-
! Taxa
Line 113 ⟶ 104:
|''[[Amphilestes]]''
|''A. broderipii''
|Two left mandibles and right mandible
| rowspan="5" |Stonesfield Slate quarries
|[[Amphilestidae|Amphilestid]]
Line 122 ⟶ 113:
|Partial left mandible and a right mandible
| rowspan="2" |[[Amphitheriida]]e
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Amphitherium.jpg|center|frameless]]
|-
|''A. rixoni''
|Right dentary
|-
|''[[Stereognathus]]''
|''S. ooliticus''
|Teeth
|[[Tritylodontidae|Tritylodontid]]
|[[File:StereognathusooliticusToothOwen1857.png|center|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Phascolotherium]]''
|''P. bucklandii''
|Right mandible and left ramus
|Amphilestid
|[[File:Stonsefield mammal.jpg|center|frameless]]
|}
=== Fish ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''Fish of the Stonesfield Slate'''<ref name=":0" />
|-
! Taxa
!Species
! Material
!Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|''[[Breviacanthus]]''
|''Breviacanthus brevis''
|
| rowspan="14" |Stonesfield Slate quarries
|
|
|-
|''[[Ganodus]]''
|Spp.
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Chimaera|Chimaeriformes]]
|
|-
|''[[Ischyodus]]''
|''Ischyodus emarginatus''
|
|
|-
|''[[Aspidorhynchus]]''
|''Aspidorhynchus crassus''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Pholidophorus]]''
|Indeterminate
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Leptolepis]]''
|''Leptolepis disjectus''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Pycnodus]]''
|Indeterminate
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Mesodon (fish)|Mesodon]]''
|''Mesodon tenuidens''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Microdon (fish)|Microdon]]''
|''Microdon biserialis''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Lepidotus]]''
|''Lepidotus tuberculatus''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Macrosemius]]''
|''Macrosemius sp.''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Undina (fish)|Undina]]''
|''Undina ? barroviensis''
|
|A [[coelacanth]]
|
|-
|''[[Ceratodus (genus)|Ceratodus]]''
|''Ceratodus phillipsi''
|
|A lungfish
|
|-
|''[[Egertonodus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rees |first1=Jan |last2=Underwood |first2=Charlie J. |date=January 2008 |title=Hybodont Sharks of the English Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic) |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=117–147 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00737.x |issn=0031-0239|doi-access=free |bibcode=2008Palgy..51..117R }}</ref>
|''Egertonodus duffini''
|
|A [[hybodont]] shark
|
|-
|''[[Palaeocarcharias]]''?<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Underwood |first1=Charlie J. |last2=Ward |first2=David J. |date=May 2004 |title=Neoselachian sharks and rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=447–501 |doi=10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00386.x |issn=0031-0239|doi-access=free |bibcode=2004Palgy..47..447U }}</ref>
|Indeterminate
|
|
|Possibly the oldest [[lamniform]] shark
|
|}
Line 144 ⟶ 238:
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="
|-
! Taxa
!Species
! Presence
!Material
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''
| rowspan="3" |Stonesfield Slate
|NHM, In. 34379, a ventral compression missing the head
| An [[Ommatidae|ommatine]] beetle
| [[File:Blapsium egertoni.jpg|center|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Palaeontina]]''
|''P. oolitica''
|Forewing
|Type species of [[Palaeontinidae]]
|
|-
|''[[Pheugothemis]]''
|''P. westwoodi''
|
|Damsel-dragonfly of uncertain placement, while historically described as a member of Gomphidae, Huang et al. 2019 state that it "can[not] be accurately attributed to the Gomphidae, or even the Gomphida."
|
|-
|}
== Flora ==
The flora known from the Stonesfield Slate comprises a relatively diverse flora, with 25 morphospecies present. It primarily represents a coastal environment, perhaps seasonally dry with mangrove like environments. It is a noticeably different assemblage than the Yorkshire floras of equivalent age, possibly because the latter is thought to represent a deltaic, wetland environment.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cleal|first1=C. J.|last2=Rees|first2=P. M.|date=July 2003|title=The Middle Jurassic flora from Stonesfield, Oxfordshire, UK|journal=Palaeontology|volume=46|issue=4|pages=739–801|doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00319|issn=0031-0239|doi-access=free|bibcode=2003Palgy..46..739C }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''Flora of the Stonesfield Slate'''
|-
! Taxa
!Species
! Material
!Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|''cf. [[Dictyophyllum]]''
|Indeterminate
|
|
|Fern, Member of [[Dipteridaceae]]
|
|-
|''[[Phlebopteris]]''
|''P. woodwardii''
|
|
|Fern, Member of [[Matoniaceae]]
|
|-
|cf. ''[[Coniopteris]]''
|Indeterminate
|
|
|Fern, Member of [[Dicksoniaceae]]
|
|-
|''[[Sagenopteris]]''
|''S. colpodes''
|
|
|Member of [[Caytoniales]]
|
|-
|''[[Ctenozamites]]''
|''cf. leckenbyi''
|
|
|Member of [[Peltaspermales]]
|
|-
|''[[Pachypteris]]''
|''P. macrophylla''
|
|
|A "[[Pteridospermatophyta|Pteridosperm]]", likely either a member of [[Peltaspermales]] or [[Corystospermales]]
|
|-
|''[[Komlopteris]]''
|''K. speciosa''
|
|
|Member of [[Corystospermales]]
|
|-
|''[[Ctenis]]''
|''C. cf. sulcicaulis, sp''
|
|
|[[Cycad]]
|
|-
|[[Pilophyllum|''Ptilophyllum'']]
|''P. pectiniformis, P. cf hirsutum''
|
|
|Member of [[Bennettitales]]
|
|-
|''[[Sphenozamites]]''
|''S. bellii''
|
|
|Member of Bennettitales
|
|-
|?''[[Weltrichia]]''
|Indeterminate
|
|
|Member of Bennettitales
|
|-
|''[[Taeniopteris]]''
|''T. vittata''
|
|
|Member of Bennettitales
|
|-
|''[[Bucklandia]]''
|''B. bucklandii''
|
|
|Member of Bennettitales formerly ''Conites bucklandii''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Doweld|first=Alexander B.|date=October 2012|title=(2099) Proposal to conserve the name Bucklandia Brongn. against Bucklandia Sternb. and Conites (fossil Gymnospermae , Cycadeoideopsida )|journal=Taxon|volume=61|issue=5|pages=1131–1132|doi=10.1002/tax.615033|issn=0040-0262|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|
|-
|''[[Ginkgo]]''
|''G.'' aff ''longifolius''
|
|
|Member of [[Ginkgoales]]
|
|-
|''[[Brachyphyllum]]''
|''B. expansum''
|
|
|Member of [[Pinales]]
|
|-
|''[[Elatocladus]]''
|''E. cf. laxus''
|
|
|Member of Pinales
|
|-
|''[[Masculostrobus]]''
|Indeterminate
|
|
|Member of Pinales
|
|-
|''[[Classostrobus]]''
|Indeterminate
|
|
|[[Cheirolepidiaceae]]
|
|-
|''[[Araucarites]]''
|''A. brodei''
|
|
|[[Araucariaceae]]
|
|-
|''[[Pelourdea]]''
|
|
|
|A conifer of uncetain affinities
|
|-
|''[[Carpolithes]]''
|''Carpolithes diospyriformis'', ''Carpolithes sp.''
|
|
|Plantae indet
|
|-
|''[[Phyllites]]''
|sp.
|
|
|Morphotaxon for leaves of uncertain affinities
|
|}
Line 165 ⟶ 441:
* [[List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations]]
{{
== References ==
Line 179 ⟶ 455:
[[Category:Jurassic System of Europe]]
[[Category:Limestone formations]]
[[Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of
[[Category:Paleontology in the United Kingdom]]
|