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{{Short description|Former harbour now nature reserve in southern England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox SSSI
|image
|image_caption =
|name= Pagham Harbour
|aos= West Sussex▼
|interest=Biological<br>Geological▼
▲|aos=West Sussex
|area= {{convert|629.0|ha|acre|abbr=off}}<ref name=dsv/>
▲|interest=Biological
|notifydate= 1986<ref name=dsv/>
▲|gridref={{gbmappingsmall|SZ875970}}
|map=[https://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271000620%27 ''Magic Map'']
}}
'''Pagham Harbour''' is a {{convert| 629 |ha|acre|abbr=off |adj=on }} biological and geological [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]] on the western outskirts of [[Bognor Regis]] in [[West Sussex]].<ref name=dsv>{{cite web|url=https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteDetail.aspx?SiteCode=S1000620&SiteName=&countyCode=46&responsiblePerson=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea= |title=Designated Sites View: Pagham Harbour | series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date = 6 May 2019}}</ref><ref name=map>{{cite web|url=https://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271000620%27 |title=Map of Pagham Harbour|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date= 6 May 2019}}</ref> It is a [[Geological Conservation Review]] site,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1851 |title= Pagham Harbour (Coastal Geomorphology of England) |series=Geological Conservation Review |publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date= 6 April 2019}}</ref> a [[Nature Conservation Review]] site,<ref name=dsv/> a [[Ramsar site]],<ref>{{cite web|url= https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteGeneralDetail.aspx?SiteCode=UK11052&SiteName=&countyCode=46&responsiblePerson=&unitId=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea= |title=Designated Sites View: Pagham Harbour | series= Ramsar Site|publisher=Natural England|access-date = 6 April 2019}}</ref> a [[Special Protection Area]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteGeneralDetail.aspx?SiteCode=UK9012041&SiteName=&countyCode=46&responsiblePerson=&unitId=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea= |title= Designated Sites View: Pagham Harbour | series= Special Protection Areas |publisher=Natural England|access-date = 6 April 2019}}</ref> and a [[Marine Conservation Zone]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/4680895541805056?category=1721481|type=PDF|publisher=Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs November 2013|title=Pagham Harbour Marine Conservation Zone|access-date=13 October 2018}}</ref> An area of {{convert|599.1|ha|acre|abbr=off}} is a RSPB [[Local Nature Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/PDFsForWeb/Citation/1000620.pdf |title= Pagham Harbour|series=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=Natural England}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=lnrIndex&query=REF_CODE%3D%271009061%27|title=Map of Pagham Harbour|series=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=Natural England}}</ref>
The harbour forms an area of saltmarsh and shallow lagoons. It is not an [[estuary]], as no major streams enter the harbour with the only freshwater inflow a few small streams draining surrounding fields.<ref name="Changes of Pagham Harbour">{{cite web|title=Changes of Pagham Harbour|url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/geography/researchprojects/coastview/Estuaries/pagham-slides.htm|publisher=University of Sussex|access-date=3 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Shrubb2003">{{cite book|author=Michael Shrubb|title=Birds, Scythes and Combines: A History of Birds and Agricultural Change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eeJsuTiGIbkC&pg=PA148|date=24 July 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81463-8|pages=148–9}}</ref>
==History==
In earlier times Pagham Harbour was a working harbour with three ports. One port was situated at the western end, of the harbour near Sidlesham Mill{{efn|A [[tidemill]] was built in 1755 by Woodruffe Drinkwater of Chichester. It had three water-wheels, and eight pair of stones, capable of grinding a load of corn in an hour. After the attempt to drain the harbour in c. 1873, the mill was removed in 1876.<ref name=salz210>{{Cite book|last=Salzman|first=L.F.|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41747&strquery=wardur|title= Sidlesham|series=A History of the County of Sussex|volume=4|year=1953|pages=210–215|access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref>}}, and was known as Wardur. The port of Charlton was at the entrance to the harbour and the third was on the [[Pagham]] side of the harbour and was known as the Port of Wythering (Wyderinges).<ref>{{cite book|last=Salzman|first= L.F.|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41664&strquery=pagham|title=The City of Chichester: The port|series=A History of the County of Sussex|volume =3 |year=1935|pages=100–102|access-date=27 November 2019}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Salzman|first=L.F.|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41746&strquery=selsey|title= Selsey|series=A History of the County of Sussex|volume=4|year=1953|pages=205–210|access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref>
The port of Wardur was part of 'New Haven' a development in the Middle Ages.<ref name=salz210/> The Port of Wythering was overrun by the sea in the 13th century and the whole harbour eventually silted up and ceased to be navigable, except for small craft.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Salzman|first=L.F.|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41753&strquery=pagham_harbour|title= Pagham|series=A History of the County of Sussex|volume=4|year=1953|pages=227–333|access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref>
An attempt was made to drain the harbour for farming in c. 1873 with an embankment constructed across the edge of the lagoon to hold back the sea; this failed during a storm in December 1910 and was not reconstructed.<ref name="Prater2010">{{cite book|author=A.J Prater|title=Estuary Birds of Britain and Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yxsxe_ZEpY4C&pg=PA192-IA3|date=30 November 2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4081-3847-2|page=192}}</ref><ref name="Sedimentary response of Pagham Harbour, southern England to barrier breaching in AD 1910">{{cite journal|last1=Cundy|first1=A.B.|last2=Long|first2=A.J.|last3=Hill|first3=C.T.|last4=Spencer|first4=C.|last5=Croudace|first5=I.W.|title=Sedimentary response of Pagham Harbour, southern England to barrier breaching in AD 1910|journal=Geomorphology|date=August 2002|volume=46|issue=3–4|pages=163–176|doi=10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00060-0|bibcode=2002Geomo..46..163C |url=http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/8948/}}</ref><ref name="Changes of Pagham Harbour" />
During World War II the area from Pagham Harbour to the eastern edge of Selsey was subject to tight security, as component parts for the [[Mulberry Harbour]]s were constructed there, during the build up to [[D-Day]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Grehan|first1=John|last2=Mace|first2=Martin|title=Battleground Sussex: A Military History of Sussex From the Iron Age to the present day|publisher=Pen and Sword Books ltd|location=Barnsley|year=2012|isbn=978-1-84884-661-6|pages=148–149}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mee|first= Frances |title= A History of Selsey |publisher=Phillimore |location=Chichester, Sussex |year=1988|isbn= 0-85033-672-4|page=104}}</ref>
At present the harbour entrance to the sea is 50 metres wide.<ref name="Geographical Conservation Review">{{cite web|last1=May|first1=V.J.|title=Pagham Harbour|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/gcrdb/GCRsiteaccount1851.pdf|website=Geographical Conservation Review|publisher=[[Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs|DEFRA]]|access-date=3 November 2016}}</ref>
==Pagham Harbour today==
Pagham Harbour today, is one of the few undeveloped stretches of the Sussex coast. It has a sheltered inlet. The harbour is designated as a nature reserve and is an internationally important wetland site for wildlife. It is {{convert|629|ha|acres}} in size.<ref name=dsv />
===The Local Nature Reserve===
The Local Nature Reserve(LNR) is accessed via the B2145 Selsey road. The LNR is managed by the RSPB and is made up of saltmarsh and tidal mudflats with shingle, open water, reed swamp and wet permanent grassland habitats. Examples of birds that have been spotted at the reserve are Little Ringed Plovers, Wood Sandpipers, Avocets, Grey Wagtails, Black-tailed Godwits, Pied Wagtails, Shelducks and Red-necked Phalaropes. <ref>{{cite web|title=Pagham Harbour|publisher=RSPB|url=https://www.rspb.org.uk/days-out/reserves/pagham-harbour-local-nature-reserve|access-date=13 July 2024}}</ref>
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
*[https://www.rspb.org.uk/reserves-and-events/reserves-a-z/pagham-harbour-local-nature-reserve/ RSPB information on site.]
*[http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-2044-theme=default Special Protection Area designation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523011131/http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-2044-theme=default |date=23 May 2007 }}
*[http://www.westsussex.info/pagham-harbour-photos.shtml Pagham Harbour photos and information]
{{commons category|Pagham harbour}}
{{coord| 50.764|-0.765 |type:landmark_region:GB-BNE|display=title}}
{{SSSIs West Sussex }}
[[Category:Arun District]]
[[Category:Environment of West Sussex]]
[[Category:Geological Conservation Review sites]]
[[Category:Local Nature Reserves in West Sussex]]
[[Category:Nature Conservation Review sites]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of West Sussex]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in West Sussex]]
[[Category:
▲[[Category:Local Nature Reserves in West Sussex]]
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