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{{Short description|Type of vinyl record labeling}}
{{about|the vinyl records|other uses|White
[[File:White-Label-Record-Marcus-Andrews.JPG|300px|thumbnail|right|A plain ''white label''
A '''
==Test pressings==
Test pressings, usually with ''test pressing'' written on the label, with catalogue number, artist and recording time or date, are the first vinyl discs made at the factory. Such
==Promotional recordings==
In the
==Plain white labels==
▲Today, white labels discs are commonly used to promote new artists or upcoming albums by veteran artists. In some cases white labels are issued to conceal artist identities (examples of this include songs by [[Traci Lords]] and [[La Toya Jackson]], whose record companies issued white labels so that DJs would have no pre-conceived notions about the music just by seeing who the artist was). Many [[dance music]] [[Record producer|producer]]s press copies of white labels in order to test crowd response in dance clubs to their own musical productions.
==Use of white labels in house music and hip hop==
Today, white labels are usually produced in small amounts (fewer than 300) by small record companies or [[DJ]]s and are most popular with house music and hip-hop music DJs. In the early 1990s, hardcore techno and house artists created tracks in home or local studios and had five-hundred or a few thousand singles pressed on 12" white labels, which were easy to sell at dance music record stores.<ref name="Reynolds 1998">{{Cite book| author = Reynolds, Simon| title=Generation Ecstasy: Into the world of Techno and Rave Culture| url = https://archive.org/details/generationecstas00reyn| url-access = registration| publisher = Little, Brown and Co.| year = 1998| isbn = 0-415-92373-5}}</ref>▼
Steve Beckett of [[Warp Records]] recalls that "shops would take fifty white labels off you for five pounds each, no problem. Dance music was all imports, then people in Britain started doing it for themselves, and their tracks started to get better than the tunes in America."
▲Today, white labels are usually produced in small amounts (fewer than 300) by small record companies or [[DJ]]s and are most popular with house music and hip-hop music DJs. In the early 1990s, hardcore techno and house artists created tracks in home or local studios and had five-hundred or a few thousand singles pressed on 12" white labels, which were easy to sell at dance music record stores.<ref name="Reynolds 1998">{{Cite book| author = Reynolds, Simon| title=Generation Ecstasy: Into the world of Techno and Rave Culture| publisher = Little, Brown and Co.| year = 1998| isbn = 0-415-92373-5}}</ref>
▲Steve Beckett of [[Warp Records]] recalls that "shops would take fifty white labels off you for five pounds each, no problem. Dance music was all imports, then people in Britain started doing it for themselves, and their tracks started to get better than the tunes in America." <ref name="Reynolds 1998"/> Record labels like Warp, and Shut Up and Dance, were begun as white-label enterprises, providing cutting-edge dance music to pirate radio stations and music stores.<ref name="Reynolds 1998"/><ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A987627|title=Editors review: Warp Records|accessdate=2007-10-31|work=BBC|publisher=bbc.co.uk}}</ref>
==Copyright and royalties==
The industry itself seems to be aware of this necessity and white labels are commonly accepted as a necessary evil within the industry, which has only prosecuted a small number of those artists using white labeled pressings of uncleared samples and compositions.{{Citation needed|reason=Your explanation here|date=August 2021}}
==See also==
{{portal|Record production}}
* [[White-label product]]
*[[Private label]]
* [[Generic brand]]
* [[Production of gramophone records|The record mastering and pressing process]]
* [[Record label]]
* [[Music industry]]
==References==
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[[Category:Musical terminology]]
[[Category:Music industry]]
[[Category:Record labels]]
[[Category:Entertainment industry]]
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