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{{Short description|Republic in Northern Africa, 1953–1958}}
{{Infobox country
| demonym = [[Egyptians|Egyptian]]
| p1 = Kingdom of Egypt
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| era = [[Arab Cold War]]
| flag_type = [[Flag of Egypt|Flag]]<br><nowiki> (1953–1958)</nowiki>
| image_flag2 = Flag of Egypt (1953–1958).svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Egypt (1953–1958).svg
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| HDI =
| HDI_year =
| leader2 = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]▼
| date_start = 18 June
| event1 = [[Egyptian Revolution of 1952]]
| event_end = [[United Arab Republic|Formation of the United Arab Republic]]
| event_start = [[Declaration of the Republic {{!}} Declaration of the Republic of Egypt]]
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[semi-presidential]] [[republic]] under a [[Nasserism|Nasserist]] [[military dictatorship]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abdel-Malek |first=A. |date=1964-03-19 |title=Nasserism And Socialism |url=https://socialistregister.com/index.php/srv/article/view/5927 |journal=Socialist Register |language=en |volume=1 |issn=0081-0606}}</ref>▼
| year_leader1 = 1953–1954
| leader1 = [[Mohamed Naguib]]
▲| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[semi-presidential]] [[republic]] under a [[Nasserism|Nasserist]] [[military dictatorship]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abdel-Malek |first=A. |date=1964-03-19 |title=Nasserism And Socialism |url=https://socialistregister.com/index.php/srv/article/view/5927 |journal=Socialist Register |language=en |volume=1 |issn=0081-0606}}</ref>
| year_leader2 = 1954–1958
▲| leader2 = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| title_leader = [[President of Egypt|President]]
| representative1 = [[Mohamed Naguib]]
| year_representative1 = 1953–1954
| representative2 = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| year_representative2 = 1954
| representative3 = [[Mohamed Naguib]]
| year_representative3 = 1954
| representative4 = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| year_representative4 = 1954–1958
| title_representative = [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Prime Minister]]
| symbol_type = [[Coat of arms of Egypt|Coat of arms]]<br><nowiki> (1953–1958)</nowiki>
| date_end = 22 February
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| image_map_caption = {{legend|#336432|'''Republic of Egypt'''}}{{legend|#54a754|[[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]] ([[condominium (international law)|Condominium]])}}
}}
The '''Republic of Egypt
The territory of the state compromised modern day [[Egypt]] as well as the [[Gaza Strip]], governed by the [[All-Palestine Protectorate]]. The territory also included modern day [[Sudan]] and [[South Sudan]] until 1956 when the [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Condominium]] was abolished, granting the [[Republic of
==The Revolution==
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By the 25th of July, the army had occupied [[Alexandria]], where the [[Farouk of Egypt|King]] was in residence at the [[Montaza Palace]]. Terrified, Farouk abandoned [[Montaza Palace|Montaza]] and fled to [[Ras El Tin Palace|Ras Al-Teen Palace]] on the waterfront. [[Mohamed Naguib|Naguib]] ordered the captain of [[Farouk of Egypt|Farouk]]'s [[yacht]], ''[[El Mahrousa|al-Mahrusa]]'', not to sail without orders from the [[Egyptian Army|army]].{{citation needed|date= December 2023}}
Debate broke out among the [[Free Officers Movement (Egypt)|Free Officers]] concerning the fate of the deposed [[Farouk of Egypt|King]]. While some (including [[Mohamed Naguib|Gen. Naguib]] and [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]]) thought that the best course of action was to send him into exile, others argued that he should be put on trial or executed. Finally, the order came for [[Farouk of Egypt|Farouk]] to abdicate in favour of his son, [[Crown prince]] [[Fuad II of Egypt|Ahmed Fuad]] – who was acceded to the throne as [[Fuad II of Egypt|King Fuad II]]<ref name="Goss">Hilton Proctor Goss and Charles Marion Thomas. ''American Foreign Policy in Growth and Action'', 3rd ed. Documentary Research Division, Research Studies Institute, Air University, 1959. p. 273.</ref> – and a three-man Regency Council was appointed. The [[Farouk of Egypt|former king]]'s departure into exile came on Saturday, 26 July 1952 and at 6 o'clock that evening he set sail for Italy with protection from the [[Egyptian Army]]. On 28 July 1953, [[Mohamed Naguib|Muhammad Naguib]] became the first [[List of presidents of Egypt|President of Egypt]], which marked the beginning of modern [[List of heads of state of Egypt|Egyptian Governance]].<ref>{{Cite
==History==
===Naguib presidency (1953–1954)===
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===Nasser presidency (1954–1958)===
[[File:Flag of Egypt (1922–1952).svg|thumbnail|right|The co-official flag of the Republic of Egypt]]
[[Mohamed Naguib|Naguib]] was forced to resign in 1954 by [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] – a [[Pan-Arabism|Pan-Arabist]] and the main architect of the [[Free Officers Movement (Egypt)|1952 movement]] – and was later put under [[house arrest]]. After [[Mohamed Naguib|Naguib]]'s resignation, the position of [[President of Egypt|President]] was vacant until the [[1956 Egyptian referendum|election]] of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] in [[1956 Egyptian referendum|1956]].
{{main|Gamal Abdel Nasser}}
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In October 1954, [[Egyptian Republic (1953-1958)|Egypt]] and the [[British Empire]] agreed to abolish the [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement]] of 1899 and grant [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Sudan]] independence to become the [[Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)|Republic of The Sudan]]; the agreement came into force on 1 January 1956.
[[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] assumed power as president in June 1956. [[British Armed Forces|British forces]] completed their withdrawal from the occupied [[Suez Canal]] Zone on 13 June 1956. On 26 July 1956, [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] gave a speech in [[Alexandria]] announcing the [[nationalization]] of the [[Suez Canal Company]] as a means to fund the [[Aswan Dam]] project in light of the British–American withdrawal.<ref name="Goldschmidt162">{{Harvnb|Goldschmidt|2008|p=162}}</ref> In the speech, he denounced [[British Empire|British imperialism]] in Egypt and British control over the [[Suez Canal Company|company]]'s profits, and upheld that the [[Egyptians]] had a right to sovereignty over the waterway, especially since "120,000 Egyptians had died building it".<ref name="Goldschmidt162" /> He [[Nationalization|nationalised]] the Suez Canal
[[File:Nasser_voting_constitutional_referendum.jpg|alt=A man wearing a suit inserting a piece of paper into a box. He is being photographed by cameramen|thumb|Nasser submitting his vote for the referendum of the proposed constitution, 23 June 1956]]
[[File:Suez nationalization.ogv|thumb|thumbtime=2:16|[[Movietone News]]reels reporting [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]]'s nationalization of the [[Suez Canal]] and both domestic and Western reactions|left]]
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A day after announcing the attempt on his life, [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] established a new provisional constitution proclaiming a 600-member National Assembly (400 from Egypt and 200 from Syria) and the dissolution of all political parties.<ref name="Aburish161-2" /> Nasser gave each of the provinces two vice-presidents: Boghdadi and [[Abdel Hakim Amer|Amer]] in Egypt, and [[Sabri al-Asali]] and [[Akram al-Hawrani]] in Syria.<ref name="Aburish161-2" /> Nasser then left for Moscow to meet with [[Nikita Khrushchev]]. At the meeting, Khrushchev pressed Nasser to lift the ban on the Communist Party, but Nasser refused, stating it was an internal matter which was not a subject of discussion with outside powers. Khrushchev was reportedly taken aback and denied he had meant to interfere in the UAR's affairs. The matter was settled as both leaders sought to prevent a rift between their two countries.<ref>{{Harvnb|Aburish|2004|p=163}}</ref>
In 1958, [[Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)|Egypt]] and [[Second Syrian Republic|Syria]] formed a sovereign union known as the [[United Arab Republic]], ending the
==References==
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==External links==
{{Portal bar
{{Egypt topics}}
{{Former Monarchies}}
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[[Category:Former kingdoms|Egypt]]
[[Category:20th century in Egypt]]
[[Category:Military dictatorships]]
[[Category:1953 establishments in Egypt]]
[[Category:1958 disestablishments in Egypt]]
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