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{{Short description|Tradition of poetry}}
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'''Urdu poetry''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|اُردُو شاعرى}}}} {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''Urdū S̱ẖāʿirī''}}) is a rich tradition of poetry and has many different forms. Today, it is an important part of the cultures of [[South Asia]]. According to Naseer Turabi there are five major poets of Urdu which are [[Mir Taqi Mir]], [[Mirza Ghalib]], [[Mir Anees]], [[Allama Iqbal]] and [[Josh Malihabadi]]. The language of Urdu reached its pinnacle under the [[British Raj]], and it received official status. All famous writers of Urdu language including Ghalib and Iqbal were given British scholarships.<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul R. Brass|title=Language, religion and politics in North India|date=2005|publisher=IUniverse|location=Lincoln, Neb. |isbn=978-0-595-34394-2}}</ref> Following the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, it found major poets and scholars were divided along the nationalistic lines. However, Urdu poetry is cherished in both the nations. Both the [[Muslims]] and [[Hindus]] from across the border continue the tradition.▼
[[File:Amir Khusro.jpg|thumb|[[Amir Khusrau]], a 13th-century Urdu poet.]]
▲'''Urdu poetry''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|اُردُو شاعرى}}}} {{
It is fundamentally performative poetry and its recital, sometimes impromptu, is held in [[Mushaira]]s (poetic expositions). Although its tarannum saaz (singing aspect) has undergone major changes in recent decades, its popularity among the masses remains unaltered. [[Mushaira]]s are today held in metropolitan areas worldwide because of the cultural influence of the [[South Asian diaspora]]. [[Urdu Ghazal|Ghazal]] singing and [[Qawwali]] are also important expository forms of Urdu poetry.
==Forms==
The principal forms of Urdu poetry are:<ref name="introduction">{{cite book|title=A History of Urdu Literature |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/bailey/000introduction.pdf |first=Thomas Grahame |last=Bailey |orig-year=1932 |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-19-547518-0 |publisher=Association Press (Y.M.C.A.) |
*'''[[Urdu Ghazal|
*
*
*
*'''[[Mathnawi (poetic form)|
*
*'''[[Nazm]] ''' (نظم
*'''[[Qasida]]''' (قصیدہ
*'''[[Ruba'i]]''' (رُباعی
*'''[[Tazkira (disambiguation)|Tazkira]]'''
===Collection forms===
The principal collection forms of Urdu poetry are:<ref name="introduction"/>
*'''[[Diwan (poetry)|Diwan]]'''
*'''[[Kulliyat]]'''
==Formation==
Urdu poetry forms itself with following basic ingredients:
*
*
* [[Beher (poetry)|Beher]] (بحر)
* [[Diwan (poetry)|Diwan]] (دیوان)
*
* [[Shayari|Kalam]] (کلام)
* Kulyat (کلیات)
* [[Maqta]] (مقطع)
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* ''[[Shayari|Fard]]'' (فرد)
* ''[[Shayari|Geet]]'' (گیت)
* ''[[Urdu Ghazal|Ghazal]]'' (غزل), as practiced by many poets in the Arab tradition. [[Mir Taqi Mir|Mir]], [[Ghalib]], [[Nawab Mirza Khan Dagh|Dagh]] are well-known composers of ''ghazal''.
* ''[[Hamd]]'' (حمد)
* ''[[Shayari|Hazal]]'' (ہزل)
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* ''[[Sehra (poetry)|Sehra]]'' (سہرا)
* ''[[Shayari|Shehr a'ashob]]'' (شہر آشوب)
* ''[[Soaz (poetry)|Soz]]'' (سوز)
* ''[[Shayari|Wasokht]]'' (وسوخت)
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{{further|Takhallus}}
In the Urdu poetic tradition, most poets use a [[pen name]] called the ''[[Takhallus]]'' (تخلص). This can be either a part of a poet's given name or something else adopted as an identity. The traditional convention in identifying Urdu poets is to mention the takhallus at the end of the name.
The word ''takhallus''<ref>[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/articles/history_literature.php A Brief History of Persian Literature], by the Iran Chamber Society.</ref> is derived from Arabic, meaning "ending". This is because in the Ghazal form, the poet would usually incorporate his or her pen name into the final couplet (
==Scripts used in poetry==
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===Example of Urdu ghazal===
The following is a verse from an Urdu [[ghazal]] by [[Khwaja Mir Dard|
[[Urdu]]:
:{{Nastaliq|
:{{Nastaliq|تم
[[Roman Urdu]]:
:''
:''
[[English language|English translation]]:
:Friends, I've seen the spectacle of this place
:You stay here; I'm heading home.
Note Dard's use of the [[Royal we|royal ''we'']] in this couplet, a technique characteristic of formal Urdu poetry.
==See also==
{{Portal|Poetry}}
*[[
*[[Chaar Bayt|Chaar bayt]] a folk art of singing
▲*[[List of Urdu poets]]
*[[List of Urdu-language poets|List of Urdu poets]]
*[[Persian and Urdu]]
*[[Progressive Writers' Movement]]
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==References==
{{
{{Urdu poetry}}
{{Poetry of different cultures and languages}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Urdu Poetry}}
[[Category:Urdu-language poetry| ]]
[[Category:Pakistani literature]]
[[Category:Indian poetics]]
[[Category:Poetry by
[[Category:Pakistani poetics]]
[[Category:Indian literature]]
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