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{{Short description|Capital city of Piauí, Brazil}}
{{For|the Polish village|Teresina, Greater Poland Voivodeship}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2013}}
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| established_title3 =
| established_date3 =
| area_total_km2 = 1167.25
| area_total_sq_mi =
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| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_urban = 953,172
| population_demonym = ''teresinense'' (teresenian)
| timezone = [[Time in Brazil|BRT]]
| utc_offset = -03:00
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| blank_info = 0.751 – <span style="color:#090">high</span><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708233352/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP)
}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://www.teresina.pi.gov.br}}
| footnotes =
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'''Teresina''' is the capital and most populous [[municipality]] in the [[Brazil]]ian state of [[Piauí]]. Being located in north-central Piauí 366 km from the coast, it is the only capital in the Brazilian Northeast that is not located on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. With 871,126 inhabitants, Teresina is the 21st largest city in Brazil, and the 15th largest state capital in the country. Together with Timon in the nearby state of Maranhão, it forms a [[conurbation]] with a population of about 978,734 inhabitants; the entire metropolitan region of Teresina has over 1,226,509 inhabitants. The only natural barrier that separates Teresina from Timon is the [[Parnaíba River|Parnaíba river]], one of the largest in the [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast]].
Teresina is the capital with the first best quality of life in the North-Northeast according to FIRJAN<ref>{{cite web |last1=FIRJAN |first1=Sistema |title=Índice
Its motto is the Latin phrase ''Omnia in Charitatis'', which means, in English, "All for charity". The city is the birthplace of, among others, [[Torquato Neto]], who belonged to the [[Tropicalismo]] movement.
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== History and names ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2023}}
[[File:Brasil Hoje n. 95 (1975) - Reportagem da Agência Nacional sobre o turismo em Teresina, Piauí.webm|left|thumb|Teresina, 1975. [[Brazilian National Archives|National Archives of Brazil.]]]]
Teresina was founded on August 16, 1852, under the name of Vila Nova do Poty (because its origin is linked to the Poti river) as the capital of the state of Piauí. It was the first planned city in the Brazil and the only northeast capital located out of the coast. Until 1852, Oeiras was the capital of the Piauí Captaincy. However, due to difficulties in communication and trade, the capital was transferred to an area next to the Parnaíba River, to the other cities and to the sea coast. Colonization of the area where Teresina is now located dates back to the 18th century. The chosen place was a small community of fishermen, in 1760, nearby Poty and Panaíba rivers, which grew into a village called "Vila do Poty", but, due to the inundation of the Parnaíba River riverbanks, the city had to be built in a higher position.
In the 19th century, it was initially called '''Vila Nova do Poty''', but later the city was renamed Teresina, in honor of Empress Teresa Cristina, the wife of Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]] of Brazil.
Teresina is the hottest city in the country and the city with the third-highest incidence of lightning in the world. Nowadays{{When|date=January 2024}}, Teresina's economy is based on international manufacturing industries and trade.
== Main sights ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2023}}
[[File:ISS Teresina, Brazil.jpg|thumb|left|Teresina pictured from the [[International Space Station]]]]
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[[File:Vista do mirante da ponte estaiada de Teresina.jpg|thumb|left|Teresina seen from João Isidoro França Bridge Observatory.]]
Teresina is located on the east side of the Parnaíba river at the border with [[Maranhão]] state, at an altitude of about 72 meters. The city faces the city of Timon across the river and is situated between the Parnaíba river and its tributary the Poti River. The two rivers join at the city's northern end, where there is an environmental park with gazebos. Teresina is the largest capital in the northeastern territorial extension, at 1,756 km
Located in a transition zone between the northeast and the Amazon (Mid-North), Teresina is surrounded by mata dos cocais, savannas and cerradões where many carnaúba, babaçu, buriti palms, jatobás, ipês, and many other medium-sized trees can be seen. In the region there are also remnants of Teresina Atlantic Forest, which makes the landscape shrub coverage very rich and dense.
=== Climate ===
Teresina has a [[tropical wet and dry climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Aw'') with semi-humid characteristics and two seasons: the rainy season (which occurs in summer and autumn of the [[southern hemisphere]]) and the dry season (which occurs in winter and spring).
From January to May, due to the rains, the weather is hot and wet (likely to occur when there is fog in the morning), while from June to August the climate gets dry with relatively milder nights; in September to December the weather becomes hotter and humid decreases, with the gradual return of rainy conditions from October. This period is referred to as "Bro" by locals as the hottest months end with -bro in Portuguese: ''{{lang|pt|setembro}}'', ''{{lang|pt|outubro}}'', ''{{lang|pt|novembro}}'', and ''{{lang|pt|dezembro}}''. A peculiar feature of the rains in the city are their speed and intensity, with strong winds, large force of water and very common lightning. The annual rainfall stands at around {{convert|1,
Hot most of the year, Teresina has an average temperature around {{convert|27|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}, with a minimum of {{convert|20|°C|°F|disp=or}} in July and a maximum of {{convert|36|°C|°F|1|disp=or}} in October. The lowest ever recorded in Teresina was {{convert|11.9|°C|°F|1|disp=or}} in June, while the record hot temperature exceeds {{convert|40|°C|°F|disp=or}} (October and November). Annually, there are approximately 129.4 days in which the maximum daily temperature reaches or exeeds {{convert|35|C|F|0|}}.<ref name=NCEI/> These fluctuations are mitigated by the contribution of the winds. Air quality is considered good in Teresina, except in the driest period, when the relative humidity drops, and there are occurrences of fires.
{{Weather box |width = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = Yes
| location = Teresina (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1961–2010)
| Jan record high C =38.4
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| Feb high C =32.0
| Mar high C =31.9
| Apr high C =31.8
| May high C =32.2
| Jun high C =32.5
| Jul high C =33.6
| Aug high C =35.4
| Sep high C =36.6
| Oct high C =37.2
| Nov high C =36.2
| Dec high C =34.8
| year high C =
| Jan low C =22.8
| Feb low C =22.6
| Mar low C =22.8
| Apr low C =22.8
| May low C =22.6
| Jun low C =21.5
| Jul low C =20.8
| Aug low C =21.1
| Sep low C =22.1
| Oct low C =23.2
| Nov low C =23.6
| Dec low C =23.4
| Jan record low C =19.8
| Feb record low C =20.0
| Mar record low C =18.5
| Apr record low C =19.0
| May record low C =19.4
| Jun record low C =11.9
| Jul record low C =15.0
| Aug record low C =15.6
| Sep record low C =17.7
| Oct record low C =18.0
| Nov record low C =19.0
| Dec record low C =18.4
| year record low C =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm =196.8
| Feb precipitation mm =239.1
|
| Apr precipitation mm =265.7
| May precipitation mm =120.6
| Jun precipitation mm =14.7
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| Aug precipitation mm =12.1
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| Nov precipitation mm =45.9
| Dec precipitation mm =100.1
| year precipitation mm =
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days =11.8
| Feb precipitation days =13.7
| Mar precipitation days =18.8
| Apr precipitation days =16.6
| May precipitation days =9.6
| Jun precipitation days =2.3
| Jul precipitation days =1.6
| Aug precipitation days =1.4
| Sep precipitation days =1.8
| Oct precipitation days =2.2
| Nov precipitation days =3.8
| Dec precipitation days =7.2
| year rain days =
| Jan humidity =80.2
| Feb humidity =83.6
| Mar humidity =85.1
| Apr humidity =85.4
| May humidity =83.4
| Jun humidity =76.9
| Jul humidity =69.4
| Aug humidity =61.8
| Sep humidity =56.6
| Oct humidity =56.2
| Nov humidity =61.8
| Dec humidity =69.8
| year humidity =
| Jan dew point C =23.5
| Feb dew point C =23.8
| Mar dew point C =24.0
| Apr dew point C =24.3
| May dew point C =23.8
| Jun dew point C =22.3
| Jul dew point C =21.0
| Aug dew point C =20.4
| Sep dew point C =20.0
| Oct dew point C =20.7
| Nov dew point C =21.5
| Dec dew point C =22.5
| Jan sun =191.6
| Feb sun =170.6
| Mar sun =187.9
| Apr sun =191.4
| May sun =236.3
| Jun sun =264.9
| Jul sun =285.5
| Aug sun =302.5
| Sep sun =283.9
| Oct sun =286.8
| Nov sun =251.3
| Dec sun =221.1
| year sun =
| Jand sun =
| Febd sun =
| Mard sun =
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| Mayd sun =
| Jund sun =
| Juld sun =
| Augd sun =
| Sepd sun =
| Octd sun =
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| Decd sun =
| yeard sun =
| Jan light = 12.4
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| year light=
| Jan uv =7
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|source = NOAA<ref name=NCEI>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-III/Brazil/Normals_ASCII_Brazil_82578_TERESINA.csv |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010: Brazil-Teresina |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=[[NOAA]] |format=CSV}}</ref>
|source 2= Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET)<ref name="RecordHighC_INMET">{{cite web|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Temperatura-Maxima-Absoluta-NCB_1961-1990.xls |title=Temperatura Máxima Absoluta (°C) |publisher=Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet) |access-date=September 8, 2014}}{{dead link|date=July 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="RecordLowC_INMET">{{cite web|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Temperatura-Minima-Absoluta-NCB_1961-1990.xls |title=Temperatura Mínima Absoluta (°C) |publisher=Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet) |access-date=September 8, 2014}}{{dead link|date=July 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Weather atlas(Daylight-UV)<ref name="atlas">{{cite web |title=Climate and monthly weather forecast Teresina, Brazil |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/brazil/teresina-climate |website=weather atlas |access-date=17 January 2024}}</ref>
}}
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|value3 = 0.89
|color3 = YellowGreen
|label4 = [[Kardecist spiritism|Spiritism]]
|value4 = 0.85
|color4 = SaddleBrown
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|color6 = WhiteSmoke
}}
In 2010, 78.94% of the municipality's population was Roman Catholic, 13.34% were evangelicals, 4.49% had no religion, 0.89% Jehovah's Witnesses, 0.85% were spiritists, 0.74% others Christian religiosities (which include the [[Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church]], the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[
Among the [[Protestant]] denominations in Teresina, the majority is [[Pentecostal]], about 7.79%. [[Baptists]] constitute 2.62% of the population of the municipality, 0.86% [[Adventist]]s, 0.12% are [[Presbyterian]]s, 0.08% the other Protestant groups ([[Lutheran]]s, Congregationals and [[Methodist]]s) and 1.84% have no denomination.<ref name="Religion2"/><ref name="Religion1"/> The [[Assemblies of God]] is the largest Pentecostal group, with 4.16% of the population, followed by the [[Universal Church of the Kingdom of God]] with 1.31% and the Christian Congregation in Brazil with 0.41%.<ref name="Religion2"/><ref name="Religion1"/>
There are 20 congregations of the [[churchofjesuschrist.org|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] in Teresina.
==Health==
In Teresina there are 634 health institutions, eight hospitals, 181 clinics and 170 clinics,{{clarify|reason=What is the difference between the types(?) of clinics|date=June 2019}} employing some 15,000 people.{{
== Education ==
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* [[Instituto Camilo Filho]] (ICF)
* [[Centro de Ensino Unificado de Teresina]] (CEUT)
* [[Faculdade das Atividades Empresariais de Teresina]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.faete.edu.br/ |title=
===Schools===
*[[School Sacred Heart of Jesus|Colégio Sagrado Coração de Jesus]] (1906)
*Instituto Dom Barreto (1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Página Inicial |url=https://dombarreto.com/instituto%20dom%20barreto |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=dombarreto.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref>
== Economy ==
The Gross Domestic Product of Teresina represents about 40% of GDP in the state of
{{Further|Integrated Development Region of Greater Teresina}}
=== Transportation ===
Teresina has a
<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
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The Albertão Stadium holds 60,000 spectators, houses soccer, athletics and other games. A smaller stadium (6,000 places) is the Lindolfo Monteiro Stadium, opened in 1944. It was restored in 2008.
Football teams Teresina include Flamengo-PI, River-PI, Tiradentes and Piauí-PI.
{{clear}}
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<!--Categories-->
[[Category:Teresina| ]]
[[Category:State capitals in Brazil]]
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