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{{good article}}
{{short description|American military officer}}
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|rank_label =
|servicenumber =
|unit = [[3rd Special Forces Group (United States)|3rd Special Forces Group]]
|commands =
|battles = {{unbulleted list|[[Gulf War]]|[[Iraq War]]|[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]]}}
|battles =
*[[Gulf War]]
*[[Iraq War]]
*[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]]
|battles_label =
|awards = {{unbulleted list|[[Silver Star]]|[[Joint Service Commendation Medal]]<ref name="Simons"/>|[[Bronze Star Medal|Bronze Star]] with [["V" device]]<ref name="Green">{{Cite web|date=9 April 2014|title=The Odyssey of Jim Gant: An Insurgent within the U.S. Military|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704093857/http://southasia.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2014/04/09/the_odyssey_of_jim_gant_an_insurgent_within_the_us_military|url=http://southasia.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2014/04/09/the_odyssey_of_jim_gant_an_insurgent_within_the_us_military|archivedate=4 July 2014|access-date=26 January 2021|website=Foreign Policy|last=Green|first=Daniel}}</ref>|[[Purple Heart]]<ref name="Green"/>}}
|awards =
[[Silver Star]]<br/>
[[Joint Service Commendation Medal]]<ref name="Simons"/>
|memorials =
|alma_mater =
|spouse = [[Ann Scott Tyson]]
}}
'''Jim Gant''' is a former [[United States Army Special Forces]] officer. He served for over 50 months in combat in [[Iraq]] and [[Afghanistan]] and was wounded seven times. He was awarded a [[Silver Star]] for his actions in the [[Iraq War]] in 2007, and wrote an influential [[monograph]] on Afghanistan titled ''One Tribe at a Time: A Strategy for Success in Afghanistan''. Following his last deployment in 2010–12, he was relieved of command and forced to retire after violating military regulations and conducting an extramarital affair with reporter [[Ann Scott Tyson]] at his combat outpost in [[Kunar Province]], Afghanistan. Gant has been credited with inspiring the creation of the [[AfghanistanAfghan Local Police]] and the strategy of Village Stability Operations in Afghanistan.
 
==Military career==
Gant grew up in [[Las Cruces, New Mexico|Las Cruces]], [[New Mexico]].<ref name="Broadwell"/> He enlisted in the Army in 1986<ref name="Boot">{{Cite web|date=2014-07-01|title=The Horror, the Horror|url=https://www.commentary.org/articles/max-boot/the-horror-the-horror/|access-date=2022-02-02|website=Commentary Magazine|language=en-US|last=Boot|first=Max|authorlink=Max Boot|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126105329/https://www.commentary.org/articles/max-boot/the-horror-the-horror/|archive-date=2022-01-26}}</ref> and became a Special Forces communications sergeant,<ref name="Tyson2010"/> participating in the [[Gulf War]] as an advisor to Egyptian forces.{{sfn|Morgan|2021|p=26}}
Gant grew up in [[Las Cruces, New Mexico|Las Cruces]], [[New Mexico]].<ref name="Tyson2010"/> He enlisted in the Army after high school and became a Special Forces communications sergeant,<ref name="Tyson2010"/> participating in the [[Gulf War]] as an advisor to Egyptian forces.<ref name="Morgan 2021 p. 26">{{cite book | last=Morgan | first=Wesley | title=The Hardest Place: The American Military Adrift in Afghanistan's Pech Valley | publisher=Random House Publishing Group | year=2021 | isbn=978-0-8129-9506-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YuUbEAAAQBAJ | access-date=14 January 2022 | page=26}}</ref> He later became an officer and deployed as a captain to Afghanistan in 2003 and Iraq in 2006–7.<ref name="Tyson2010"/> Leading Operational Detachment Alpha 316, Gant conducted operations in [[Mangwal, Afghanistan|Mangwal]] in [[Kunar Province]] and built strong relationships with the [[Mohmand tribe]], especially the tribal chief, Malik Noor Afzal.<ref name="ABC">{{Cite web|last=Meek|first=James|last2=Schwartz|first2=Rhonda|title = Top Green Beret Officer Forced to Resign Over Affair With WaPo Reporter| work = ABC News| accessdate = April 22, 2020| url = https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/jim-gant-top-green-beret-officer-forced-resign/story?id=24266710}}</ref> On December 11, 2006, Gant's Special Forces team was attacked in a complex ambush on the road between [[Balad, Iraq|Balad]] and [[Baghdad]] in [[Iraq]].<ref name="Tyson2007"/> On May 3, 2007, Gant was awarded a [[Silver Star]] for valor for his actions during the 2006 ambush.<ref name="Tyson2007">{{Cite news| issn = 0190-8286| title = The Insurgents' Increasingly Complex Tactics in Ambushes| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]| accessdate = April 22, 2020| date = June 3, 2007| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/graphic/2007/06/03/GR2007060300182.html}}</ref>
 
Gant later became an officer and deployed as a captain to Afghanistan in 2003 and 2004 and Iraq in 2006–7.<ref name="Tyson2010"/> Leading [[United_States_Army_Special_Forces#Basic_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-A_(SFODA)_composition|Operational Detachment Alpha]] 316, Gant deployed to [[Kunar Province]], Afghanistan in spring 2003 and was based at Forward Operating Base [[Asadabad, Afghanistan|Asadabad]].{{sfn|Morgan|2021|p=26}} Gant's team was one of the first American units to enter the [[Korengal Valley]].{{sfn|Morgan|2021|p=76}} They also operated in [[Mangwal, Afghanistan|Mangwal]] and built a strong relationship with the [[Mohmand tribe]] and its ''[[Malik#Pashtun usage|malik]]'', Noor Afzal.<ref name="ABC">{{Cite web|last1=Meek|first1=James Gordon|last2=Schwartz|first2=Rhonda|title = Top Green Beret Officer Forced to Resign Over Affair With WaPo Reporter| work = ABC News| accessdate = April 22, 2020| url = https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/jim-gant-top-green-beret-officer-forced-resign/story?id=24266710}}</ref> Gant returned from Kunar in October 2003{{sfn|Morgan|2021|p=33}} but deployed again, to [[Helmand Province]], in 2004.<ref name="Broadwell">{{Cite book|last1=Broadwell|first1=Paula|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2xKP4FWigAcC&pg=PT67|title=All In: The Education of General David Petraeus|last2=Loeb|first2=Vernon|date=2012|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-101-55230-8|language=en|page=67}}</ref>
In October 2009,<ref>Edwards 2020, p. 422.</ref> he wrote an influential paper titled ''One Tribe at a Time: A Strategy for Success in Afghanistan''.<ref name="Time">{{Cite web| title = The Fall of the Green Berets' Lawrence of Afghanistan|website=Time|last=Thompson|first=Mark|date=25 June 2014|accessdate = April 22, 2020| url = https://time.com/2921469/the-fall-of-the-green-berets-lawrence-of-afghanistan/}}</ref> Gant first published the paper on the website of [[Stephen Pressfield]], a historical fiction novelist who is popular in military circles.<ref name="Edwards424">{{Cite journal|last=Edwards|first=David| title = 'The perfect counterinsurgent': reconsidering the case of Major Jim Gant|journal=Small Wars & Insurgencies|volume=31|issue=2| accessdate = April 23, 2020| url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09592318.2020.1713554|year=2020|doi=10.1080/09592318.2020.1713554|page=424|s2cid=214296335}}</ref> The paper reached a wider audience after its publication on the ''Small Wars Journal'' website.<ref name="Edwards424"/> In ''One Tribe at a Time'', Gant argued that the United States should leverage the [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] tribal system in Afghanistan by creating "Tribal Engagement Teams" who would embed at the village level and work with locals to build security.<ref name="Murtazashvili2016">{{cite book|author=Jennifer Brick Murtazashvili|title=Informal Order and the State in Afghanistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SO-7CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA192|date=April 21, 2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-11399-2|pages=192}}</ref><ref name="Tyson2010">{{Cite news| issn = 0190-8286| last = Tyson| first = Ann Scott| title = Jim Gant, the Green Beret who could win the war in Afghanistan| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]| accessdate = April 22, 2020| date = January 17, 2010| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/15/AR2010011502203.html}}</ref> ▼
 
Gant also served in [[Iraq]] for 13 months in 2006–7, advising an [[Iraqi Police]] battalion.<ref name="Boot"/> On December 11, 2006, Gant's team in Iraq was attacked in a complex ambush on the road between [[Balad, Iraq|Balad]] and [[Baghdad]].<ref name="Tyson2007"/> On May 3, 2007, Gant was awarded a [[Silver Star]] for valor for his actions during the 2006 ambush.<ref name="Tyson2007">{{Cite news| issn = 0190-8286| title = The Insurgents' Increasingly Complex Tactics in Ambushes| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]| accessdate = April 22, 2020| date = June 3, 2007| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/graphic/2007/06/03/GR2007060300182.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Soldier in Heroic Battle to Receive Silver Star|url=https://www.army.mil/article/2982/soldier_in_heroic_battle_to_receive_silver_star|access-date=2022-02-02|website=www.army.mil|last=Kojetin|first=Nicole|language=en}}</ref>
General [[David Petraeus]] called the paper "very impressive," and General [[Stanley McChrystal]] distributed it to all commanders in Afghanistan.<ref name="Tyson2010"/> Admiral [[Eric T. Olson]], the commander of [[United States Special Operations Command]], supported Gant's concept as well, and in November 2009 Lieutenant General [[John F. Mulholland Jr.|John Mulhollad]] offered Gant an opportunity to redeploy to Afghanistan to implement his ideas.<ref name="Simons">{{cite web|last=Simons|first=Anna|page=20|title=21st-Century Challenges of Command: A View from the Field|website=Strategic Studies Institute|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep11169|date=2017}}</ref>▼
 
===''One Tribe at a Time''===
▲In October 2009,<ref>{{sfn|Edwards |2020, |p. =422.</ref>}} heGant wrote an influential paper titled ''One Tribe at a Time: A Strategy for Success in Afghanistan''.<ref name="Time">{{Cite webmagazine| title = The Fall of the Green Berets' Lawrence of Afghanistan|websitemagazine=Time|last=Thompson|first=Mark|date=25 June 2014|accessdate = April 22, 2020| url = https://time.com/2921469/the-fall-of-the-green-berets-lawrence-of-afghanistan/}}</ref> Gant first published the paper on the website of [[Stephen Pressfield]], a historical fiction novelist who is popular in military circles.<ref name="Edwards424">{{Cite journalsfn|last=Edwards|first=David| title = 'The perfect counterinsurgent': reconsidering the case of Major Jim Gant|journal=Small Wars & Insurgencies|volume=31|issue=2| accessdate = April 23, 2020| url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09592318.2020.1713554|year=2020|doi=10.1080/09592318.2020.1713554|pagep=424|s2cid=214296335}}</ref> The paper reached a wider audience after its publication on the ''[[Small Wars Journal]]'' website.<ref name{{sfn|Edwards|2020|p="Edwards424"/>424}} In ''One Tribe at a Time'', Gant argued that the United States should leverage the [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] tribal system in Afghanistan by creating "Tribal Engagement Teams" whothat would embed at the village level and work with locals to build security.<ref name="Murtazashvili2016">{{cite book|author=Jennifer Brick Murtazashvili|title=Informal Order and the State in Afghanistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SO-7CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA192|date=April 21, 2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-11399-2|pages=192}}</ref><ref name="Tyson2010">{{Cite news| issn = 0190-8286| last = Tyson| first = Ann Scott| title = Jim Gant, the Green Beret who could win the war in Afghanistan| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]| accessdate = April 22, 2020| date = January 17, 2010| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/15/AR2010011502203.html}}</ref>
 
▲General [[David Petraeus]] called the paper "very impressive," and General [[Stanley McChrystal]] distributed it to all commanders in Afghanistan.<ref name="Tyson2010"/> The paper received some criticism for promoting "nativist mythologies"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grunstein|first=Judah|title=The Horror, the Horror: Afghanistan Edition|url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/trend-lines/4569/the-horror-the-horror-afghanistan-edition|access-date=2022-01-26|website=World Politics Review|language=en|date=6 November 2009}}</ref> but, according to [[Paula Broadwell]], it helped inspire Petraeus to create the [[Afghan Local Police]].<ref name="Broadwell"/> Admiral [[Eric T. Olson]], the commander of [[United States Special Operations Command]], supported Gant's concept as well, and in November 2009 Lieutenant General [[John F. Mulholland Jr.|John MulholladMulholland]] offered Gant an opportunity to redeploy to Afghanistan to implement his ideas.<ref name="Simons">{{cite web|last=Simons|first=Anna|page=20|title=21st-Century Challenges of Command: A View from the Field|website=Strategic Studies Institute|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep11169|date=2017}}</ref>
 
===Final deployment===
Gant returned to AfghansitanAfghanistan in June 2010,<ref name="Huffpost">{{Citecite web| last url= Woodhttps://jsou.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=53882670| first title=Village David|Stability titleOperations =and Thethe GreenEvolution Beretof WhoseSOF StrategyCommand Couldand HaveControl Savedin Afghanistan,: ButImplications Notfor Histhe Career|Future workof Irregular Warfare|website=Joint Special Operations [[HuffPost]]University| accessdate =3 AprilFebruary 22, 20202022| date = 04002020| url last1= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/afghanistan-jim-gant-american-spartan_n_5008520Knarr|last2=Nutsch|first1=William|first2=Mark|page=74}}</ref> and was stationed in the village of Mangwal where he had served in 2003.<ref name="ABC"/> In September 2010, reporter [[Ann Scott Tyson]] took a leave of absence from ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and went to Kunar to live with Gant for nine months, in violation of military regulations.<ref name="Huffpost"/>
 
Gant and his unit built relationships with the tribes by wearing traditional Afghan clothing instead of uniforms and learning [[Pashto]].<ref name="ABC"/> Gant himself carried Islamic [[prayer beads]], rode on horseback, and had Pashto words tattooed on his wrists.<ref>{{sfn|Edwards |2020, |p. =435.</ref>}} He remained in Kunar for 22 months<ref name="Huffpost">{{Cite web| last = Wood| first = David| title = In Afghanistan, A U.S. Special Forces Major's Meteoric Rise And Humiliating Fall| work = [[HuffPost]]| accessdate = April 22, 2020| date = March 24, 2014| url = https://www.huffpost.com/entry/afghanistan-jim-gant-american-spartan_n_5008520}}</ref> and achieved significant operational success. General Petraeus called him "the perfect counterinsurgent" and compared him favorably to [[T. E. Lawrence]], calling him "Lawrence of Afghanistan."<ref>{{Cite web| title = Report: Petraeus Hails 'Lawrence of Afghanistan' |publisher=Military.com| accessdate = April 22, 2020| url = https://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/07/01/report-petraeus-hails-lawrence-of-afghanistan.html}}</ref> Petraeus made Mangwal a "showcase" for his counterinsurgency strategy, and congressional delegations such as those of [[Lindsey Graham]] and [[John McCain]] visited the village.<ref>{{sfn|Edwards |2020, |p. =426.</ref>}} By the middle of 2011, Gant had recruited 1,300 [[Afghan Local Police]].<ref name="Huffpost"/> At the same time, heGant engagedwas insuffering unorthodoxfrom behavior such as ritually cutting himself and telling his soldiers that, "I believe in the wrathful God of combat. I believe insevere [[Hecate]]".<ref>{{Cite web| title = The Rise and Fall of Major Jim Gant|website=War on the Rocks| accessdate = April 22, 2020| url = https://warontherocks.com/2014/04/thepost-rise-and-fall-of-major-jim-gant/}}</ref>traumatic Gantstress believed that he had lived previous lives as a warrior, including a life as an ancient [[Spartadisorder]]n.<ref>Edwards 2020, p. 434.<name="Boot"/ref> He allegedly drank alcohol during the deployment, which is prohibited by Army regulations, and "self-medicated" with pain medication.<ref name="ABC"/>
 
In early 2012, as Gant was in the process of moving from Mangwal to the nearby village of Chowkay, he came in contact with First Lieutenant Thomas Roberts, a [[West Point]] graduate<ref>{{sfn|Edwards |2020, |p. =426.</ref>}} who had recently arrived to Kunar.<ref name="ABC"/> Roberts reported to his chain of command that Gant was engaging in "immoral and illegal activities and actions".<ref name="ABC"/> After the subsequent investigation Gant was relieved of command, demoted to the rank of captain, and given an official reprimand by Lieutenant General [[John F. Mulholland, Jr.|John Mulholland]].<ref name="ABC"/> He retired from the military soon afterwards. His actions led him to be compared to [[Colonel Kurtz]] from the 1979 film ''[[Apocalypse Now]]''.<ref name="Time"/> During his career he served for over 50 months in combat in Iraq and Afghanistan and was wounded seven times.<ref name="ABCHuffpost"/>
 
Gant's actions led him to be compared to [[Colonel Kurtz]] from the 1979 film ''[[Apocalypse Now]]''.<ref name="Time"/> During his career he served for over 50 months in combat in Iraq and Afghanistan and was wounded seven times.<ref name="ABC"/> After the [[Killing of Osama bin Laden|death of Osama bin Laden]], U.S. forces found a copy of ''One Tribe at a Time'' in bin Laden's compound,<ref name="Time"/> along with a document in which bin Laden mentioned Gant by name and said that he "needed to be removed from the battlefield".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/ann-scott-tyson/american-spartan/|title=American Spartan|website=Kirkus Reviews|language=en|date=26 February 2014}}</ref> Gant has been credited with inspiring the Village Stability Operations (VSO) strategy which was widely employed by special operations forces in Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Meek|first=James Gordon|title=Optimism for Trump's Afghanistan War plan from legendary US commando|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/optimism-trumps-afghan-war-plan-legendary-us-commando/story?id=49358598|access-date=2022-01-31|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=McFate|first=Montgomery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R19gDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT178|page=178|title=Military Anthropology: Soldiers, Scholars and Subjects at the Margins of Empire|date=2018|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-093494-1|language=en}}</ref>
Tyson and Gant have married and live in [[Seattle]], Washington.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-28047971|title=Jim Gant, Ann Scott Tyson and their Afghan Affair|website=BBC|publisher=|accessdate=25 May 2020}}</ref> In 2014, Tyson wrote a book about Gant titled ''American Spartan: The Promise, the Mission, and the Betrayal of Special Forces Major Jim Gant''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=West|first=Bing| title = 'American Spartan ' by Ann Scott Tyson, about Maj. Jim Gant's mission in Afghanistan| work = [[The Washington Post]]| accessdate = April 22, 2020| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/american-spartan--by-ann-scott-tyson-about-maj-jim-gants-mission-in-afghanistan/2014/03/28/4440187e-aac8-11e3-adbc-888c8010c799_story.html|date=28 March 2014}}</ref>▼
 
==Later life==
▲Tyson and Gant have married and live in [[Seattle]], Washington.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-28047971|title=Jim Gant, Ann Scott Tyson and their Afghan Affair|website=BBC|publisher=|accessdate=25 May 2020}}</ref> In 2014, Tyson wrote a book about Gant titled ''American Spartan: The Promise, the Mission, and the Betrayal of Special Forces Major Jim Gant''.<ref>{{Cite webnews|last=West|first=Bing| title = 'American Spartan ' by Ann Scott Tyson, about Maj. Jim Gant's mission in Afghanistan| worknewspaper = [[The Washington Post]]| accessdate = April 22, 2020| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/american-spartan--by-ann-scott-tyson-about-maj-jim-gants-mission-in-afghanistan/2014/03/28/4440187e-aac8-11e3-adbc-888c8010c799_story.html|date=28 March 2014}}</ref> In 2021, Gant participated in the efforts of [[Task Force Pineapple]] to evacuate Afghan allies during the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|Fall of Kabul]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Meek|first=James Gordon|title=US special operations vets carry out daring mission to save Afghan allies|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-special-operations-vets-carry-daring-mission-save/story?id=79670236|access-date=16 January 2022|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref>
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
==Bibliography==
*{{Cite journal|last=Edwards|first=David| title = 'The perfect counterinsurgent': reconsidering the case of Major Jim Gant|journal=Small Wars & Insurgencies|volume=31|issue=2| accessdate = April 23, 2020| url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09592318.2020.1713554|year=2020|pages=420–444 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2020.1713554|s2cid=214296335}}
*{{cite book | last=Morgan | first=Wesley | title=The Hardest Place: The American Military Adrift in Afghanistan's Pech Valley | publisher=Random House Publishing Group | year=2021 | isbn=978-0-8129-9506-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YuUbEAAAQBAJ | access-date=14 January 2022 | page=26}}
 
==Further reading==
*{{Cite magazine|last=Bergen|first=Peter|date=2011-05-04|authorlink=Peter Bergen|title=The Crossroads: Can we win in Afghanistan?|magazine=The New Republic|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/87846/afghanistan-war-osama-bin-laden-death-united-states-obama-taliban|access-date=2022-01-31|issn=0028-6583}}
*{{Cite web| title = The Rise and Fall of Major Jim Gant|website=War on the Rocks| accessdate = April 22, 2020| url = https://warontherocks.com/2014/04/the-rise-and-fall-of-major-jim-gant/|last=Collins|first=Joseph}}
*{{Cite web|date=2009-11-07|title=Going Tribal in Afghanistan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091107232731/https://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/04/going-tribal-in-afghanistan/|access-date=2022-02-02|website=The New York Times – At War Blog|last=Dao|first=James|url=https://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/04/going-tribal-in-afghanistan/|archive-date=2009-11-07}}
*{{Cite web|date=2009-11-09|title=Alternate Strategies for Afghanistan|website=Center for a New American Security – Abu Muqawama|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091109082719/https://www.cnas.org/blogs/abumuqawama/2009/11/alternate-strategies-afghanistan.html|access-date=2022-02-02|url=https://www.cnas.org/blogs/abumuqawama/2009/11/alternate-strategies-afghanistan.html|archive-date=2009-11-09|last=Exum|first=Andrew|authorlink=Andrew Exum}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2009/2009_one_tribe_at_a_time.pdf|website=Global Security|last=Gant|first=Jim|date=2009|accessdate=April 22, 2020|title=One Tribe at a Time: A Strategy for Success in Afghanistan}}
*{{Cite book|last=Tyson|first=Ann Scott|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vcMKAgAAQBAJ|title=American Spartan: The Promise, the Mission, and the Betrayal of Special Forces Major Jim Gant|date=2014|publisher=Harper Collins|isbn=978-0-06-211500-3|language=en}}
 
==External links==
*[https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/video/author-ann-scott-tysons-guntruck-hit-roadside-ied-24275121 Video: Author Ann Scott Tyson's Guntruck Hit By Roadside IED Blast – ABC News]
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gant, Jim}}
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