Motility: Difference between revisions

{{for|the Steve Kuhn albumdistinguish|Motility (album)}}

[[File:Binucleated cell overlay.tiff|300px|thumb|[[Cytokinesis|Cell division.]] All cells can be considered motile for having the ability to divide into two new daughter cells.<ref>{{cite book |last1last=Clegg |first1first=Chris |title=Edexcel biology for AS |date=2008 |publisher=Hodder Murray |location=London |isbn=978-0-340-96623-5 |page=111 |edition= 6th |chapter=3.2 Cells make organisms |quote=Division of the cytoplasm, known as cytokinesis, follows telophase. During division, cell organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts '''become distributed''' evenly between the cells. In animal cells, division is by '''in-tucking''' of the plasma membrane at the equator of the spindle, ''''pinching'''' the cytoplasm in half (Figure 3.15). In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus forms vesicles of new cell wall materials which '''collect along the line of the equator''' of the spindle, known as the cell plate. Here, the '''vesicles coalesce''' forming the new plasma membranes and cell walls between the two cells (Figure 3.17).}}</ref>]]

{{seeSee also |Taxis}}

The events that areEvents perceived as movements can be directed:

File:Muscular system.svg|Muscles give the ability for voluntary movement, and involuntary movement as in [[muscle spasm]]s and [[reflex]]es). At the level of the [[muscular system]], motility is a synonym for [[Animal locomotion|locomotion]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Richard |title=A2-level biology : the revision guide : exam board: Edexcel |date=2009 |publisher=Coordination Group Publications |location=Broughton-in-Furness |isbn=978-1-84762-264-8 |page=50 |chapter=Unit 5 Section 1 |quote='''Skeletal muscle is the type of muscle you use to move''', e.g. the '''bicep and triceps move the lower arm'''. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons. Ligaments attach bones to other bones, to hold them together. '''Skeletal muscles contract and relax to move bones at a joint.'''}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Vannini |first1=Vanio |last2=Jolly |first2=Richard T. |last3=Pogliani |first3=Giuliano |title=The new atlas of the human body : a full color guide to the structure of the body. |date=1994 |publisher=Chancellor Press |location=London |isbn=978-1-85152-984-1 |page=25 |quote='''The muscle mass is not just concerned with locomotion.''' It assists in the circulation of blood and protects and confines the visceral organs. It also provides the main shaping component of the human form.}}</ref>

File:Sperm-20051108.jpg|Most [[sperm]] have a single [[flagellum]] to help them swim. The [[cervix|cervical]], [[uterus|uterine]], and [[fallopian tubes|fallopian]] linings of the female [[reproductive system]] play a more important role in transporting sperm to [[Ovum|ova]].

File:Cheetah chase.jpg|The record speeds Cheetahscheetahs hold are owed in large to their muscle motility.

File:Phototropism.jpg|The shoots of plants move by growing towards light. This is known as [[phototropism|positive phototropism]]. The roots grow away from light. This is known as negative phototropism.

File:FAGOCITOSI BY RAFF.gif|[[Monocyte]]s and [[macrophage]]s of the [[immune system]] engulf [[Bacteria]] by extending their [[pseudopodia]]. Note that this cartoon is not an accurate representation of [[phagocytosis]].

Protein_translationFile:Protein translation.gif|Motility becomes very complicated at the sub-cellular level. ShownThis here is a simplified video animation ofdepicts [[translation (biology)|translation]] - a highly motile [[Nanoscopic scale|nanoscale]] molecular process using [[protein dynamics]].