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| local_name_lang3 =
| name_abbr = Z$
| date_of_withdrawal = 8 April 2024
| obsolete = <!-- /yes -->▼
| replaced_by_currency = [[Zimbabwe Gold]]
| obsolete_notice = Infobox shows status before going obsolete
| qid =
| image_1 = Zimbabwean banknote collage, fifth dollar.png
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| issuing_authority = [[Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe]]
| issuing_authority_title =
| issuing_authority_website = {{
| date_of_introduction = {{Start date and age|2019|2|25|df=yes}}
| date_of_introduction_source = <ref name="trf-20190225">{{cite news|last1=Winning|first1=Alexander|title=Analysis: Zimbabwe struggles to convince doubters as it launches new currency|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20190224225459-jm22e|access-date=12 December 2022|work=Thomson Reuters Foundation|agency=Reuters|publisher=Thomson Reuters|date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502040309/https://news.trust.org/item/20190224225459-jm22e|archive-date=2 May 2019|location=London}}</ref>
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| using_countries = {{flagcountry|ZWE}}
| inflation_title =
| inflation_rate =
| inflation_source_date = {{plnk|https://rbz.co.zw/index.php|RBZ}},
| inflation_method = [[Consumer price index|CPI]]
| pegged_with =
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}}
The '''Zimbabwean dollar''' ([[currency sign|sign]]: '''Z$'''; [[ISO 4217|code]]: '''ZWL'''),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe Dollar Spot (New)(ZWL) Spot Rate |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/ZWL:CUR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923065817/https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/ZWL:CUR |archive-date=23 September 2021 |url-status=bot: unknown |access-date=2 March 2021 }}</ref> also known as the '''Zimdollar''' or '''Real Time Gross Settlement''' ('''RTGS''') '''dollar''',<ref>{{Cite news|last=Muronzi |first=Chris |date=3 July 2019 |title=Hyperinflation trauma: Zimbabweans' uneasy new dollar |newspaper=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/hyperinflation-trauma-zimbabweans-uneasy-dollar-190702223340179.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|date=23 May 2019 |title=Zimbabwe struggles to keep its fledgling currency alive |magazine=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2019/05/23/zimbabwe-struggles-to-keep-its-fledgling-currency-alive }}</ref> was the currency of [[Zimbabwe]] from February 2019 to April 2024. It was the only legally permitted currency for trade in Zimbabwe from June 2019 to March 2020, after which foreign currencies were legalised again.<ref name="Matiashe" />
Due to the sharp depreciation of the Zimdollar, most transactions are being done in hard currencies, such as the [[U.S. dollar]], in Zimbabwe. On 5 April 2024, it was announced that the Zimdollar would be replaced by the new [[
==History==
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===Continued high inflation===
The fifth Zimbabwean dollar continued to undergo very high inflation, due to continued public distrust<ref name="aj-20220505">{{cite news|last1=Muronzi|first1=Chris|title=Dollar o'clock: Should Zimbabwe axe its faltering currency again?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/5/5/dollar-oclock-should-zimbabwe-axe-its-faltering-currency-again|access-date=18 January 2023|work=Al Jazeera English|publisher=Al Jazeera Media Network|date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118225954/https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/5/5/dollar-oclock-should-zimbabwe-axe-its-faltering-currency-again|archive-date=18 January 2023|location=Doha|language=en}}</ref> and the continued shortage of [[hard currency]] as a result of importers being unable to use Zimbabwean dollars.<ref name="bloomberg-20190604">{{cite news|last1=Latham|first1=Brian|title=Zimbabwe's Quasi-Currency Continues on Its Precipitous Slide|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-04/zimbabwe-s-quasi-currency-continues-on-its-precipitous-slide|access-date=12 December 2022|agency=Bloomberg News|publisher=Bloomberg|date=4 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904214450/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-04/zimbabwe-s-quasi-currency-continues-on-its-precipitous-slide|archive-date=4 September 2019|location=New York City|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Almost immediately after the Reserve Bank abolished the [[Fixed exchange rate system|peg]], the official rate against the US dollar declined to Z$2.80 on 22 March 2019, and Z$6.00 on 12 June 2019, while the parallel rate fluctuated between Z$7.00 and Z$13.00 by 3 July.<ref name="newsday-20190322"/><ref name="newsday-20190612">{{cite web|title=RTGS dollar plunges by 140%|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2019/06/rtgs-dollar-plunges-by-140/|website=NewsDay Zimbabwe|publisher=Alpha Media Holdings|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613130130/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2019/06/rtgs-dollar-plunges-by-140/|archive-date=13 June 2019|location=Harare|date=12 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="dm-20190701">{{cite web|last1=Stoddard|first1=Ed|title=Zimbabwe takes a big gamble in its bid to dump the greenback|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-07-01-zimbabwe-takes-a-big-gamble-in-its-bid-to-dump-the-greenback/|website=Daily Maverick|publisher=Styli Charalambous|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703195638/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-07-01-zimbabwe-takes-a-big-gamble-in-its-bid-to-dump-the-greenback/|archive-date=3 July 2019|location=Johannesburg|date=1 July 2019}}</ref> The Reserve Bank's annual inflation rate surpassed 100% in June 2019, and 500% in December 2019.<ref name="inflation-table">{{cite web|title=Consumer Price Index December 2022|url=https://rbz.co.zw/documents/statistics/2022/NATIONAL_CPI-Dec_2022.xls|website=Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe|access-date=18 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118223816/https://rbz.co.zw/documents/statistics/2022/NATIONAL_CPI-Dec_2022.xls|archive-date=18 January 2023|location=Harare|at=table "CPI 1"|language=en-zw|format=XLS|date=December 2022}}</ref> {{As of|December 2022}}, the Reserve Bank annual inflation rate was 243.76%: the highest (since February 2019) was 837.53% in July 2020, and the lowest was 50.25% in August 2021.<ref name="inflation-table"/> Use of Zimbabwean dollars in Zimbabwe declined in favour of hard currencies, and as a result, in February 2023, Zimbabwe switched its headline inflation rate to one that blended Zimbabwean dollar and US dollar prices, which was criticised by businesses for hiding the real inflation rate in local currency, which persisted despite the use of a "blended" inflation rate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-03 |title=Zimbabwe shifts to new 'blended' inflation that includes USD, ZWL prices. Not a good idea, says business |url=https://newzwire.live/zimbabwe-shifts-to-new-blended-inflation-that-includes-usd-zwl-prices-not-a-good-idea-says-business/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=newZWire |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-27 |title=Blended inflation blurring actual Zim dollar inflation |url=https://www.businessweekly.co.zw/blended-inflation-blurring-actual-zim-dollar-inflation/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=eBusiness Weekly |language=en-GB
The Zimbabwean dollar continued to depreciate. From January to April 2024, it lost over 70% of its value at the official exchange rate, hitting Z$30,000 per US dollar on 5 April. Annual inflation increased from 26.5% in December 2023 to 55.3% in March 2024.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Mutsaka |first=Farai |date=5 April 2024 |title=Zimbabwe introduces new currency as depreciation and rising inflation stoke economic turmoil |url=https://apnews.com/article/zimbabwe-new-currency-inflation-us-dollar-06a656260462d9651112e394e125c5e6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407071856/https://apnews.com/article/zimbabwe-new-currency-inflation-us-dollar-06a656260462d9651112e394e125c5e6 |archive-date=7 April 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=The Associated Press}}</ref>
=== Introduction of Zimbabwean ZiG ===
{{Main|Zimbabwean ZiG}}
On 5 April 2024, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe announced a new currency to be introduced on 8 April, called the [[Zimbabwean ZiG|Zimbabwe Gold]] (ZiG), replacing the Zimbabwean dollar. ZiG is to be backed by a basket of reserves comprising foreign currency and precious metals (mainly gold). Zimbabweans were given 21 days to convert their cash into ZiG.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> John Mushayavanhu, the governor of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, said he expected the new currency to have an impact on inflation and that it would circulate alongside foreign currencies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chingono |first=Nyasha |date=5 April 2024 |title=Zimbabwe launches gold-backed currency to replace battered local dollar |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/zimbabwe-introduce-new-structured-currency-cbank-governor-says-2024-04-05/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240405153308/https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/zimbabwe-introduce-new-structured-currency-cbank-governor-says-2024-04-05/ |archive-date=5 April 2024 |access-date=5 April 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
== Banknotes ==
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! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Main colour
! colspan="3"|Description
! colspan="3"|Date of<ref>{{Harvnb|Linzmayer|2019|pp=
|-
! style="max-width:104px;width:104px"|Obverse
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The $50 note entered circulation on 6 July 2021, and became the first Zimbabwean banknote since the withdrawal of the [[Rhodesian pound]] in 1970 to feature a person: a portrait of [[Nehanda Charwe Nyakasikana|Mbuya Nehanda]], a significant figure of Zimbabwean nationalism, appears on reverse with the [[National Heroes Acre (Zimbabwe)#The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier|Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]] at the [[National Heroes Acre (Zimbabwe)|National Heroes Acre]].<ref name="nz-20210706">{{cite web|last1=Vinga|first1=Alois|title=RBZ Unleashes New $50 Note With Mbuya Nehanda's Head|url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/rbz-unleashes-new-50-note-with-mbuya-nehandas-head/|website=New Zimbabwe|publisher=Destiny Media Group|access-date=10 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210222747/https://www.newzimbabwe.com/rbz-unleashes-new-50-note-with-mbuya-nehandas-head/|archive-date=10 December 2022|date=6 July 2021}}</ref> This was followed by the $100 banknote on 5 April 2022, which featured the ruins of [[Great Zimbabwe]].<ref name="pindula-20220406"/><ref name="rbz-ar2021">{{cite web|last1=Mangudya|first1=John Panonetsa|title=2021 Annual Report|url=https://www.rbz.co.zw/documents/ar/ANNUAL-REPORT-2021.pdf|website=Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe|access-date=10 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210215642/https://www.rbz.co.zw/documents/ar/ANNUAL-REPORT-2021.pdf|archive-date=10 December 2022|location=Harare|page=140|date=22 July 2022}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:
|+2019 banknote series (Signature: [[John Mangudya]], Capital: Harare)
! rowspan="2"|Value
! rowspan="2"|Dimensions
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Main colour
! rowspan=2|Obverse▼
! rowspan=2|Reverse▼
! rowspan=2|Watermark▼
! colspan="3"|Date of
! rowspan="2"|{{abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
▲! Obverse
▲! Reverse
▲! Watermark
! printing
! issue
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| 155 × 62 mm
| style="background:#80C080;width:0"| || Green
| rowspan=6|[[Domboremari]] with trees
| [[National Heroes Acre (Zimbabwe)#The Eternal Flame|Eternal Flame]] at the [[National Heroes Acre (Zimbabwe)|National Heroes Acre]], and the [[Parliament House, Harare|Old Parliament House]]
| rowspan=6|[[Zimbabwe Bird]] and "RBZ"
| 2019
| 11 November 2019
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| 155 × 66 mm
| style="background:#C080FF"| || Purple
| Three giraffes and the Zimbabwe Aloe (''[[Aloe excelsa]]'')
| 2019
| 11 November 2019
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| 155 × 66 mm
| style="background:#FF8080"| || Red
| [[New Reserve Bank Tower]] and four [[African buffalo]]es (''Syncerus caffer'')
| 2020
| 19 May 2020
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| 155 × 66 mm
| style="background:#80C0FF"| || Blue
| [[African elephant]] and [[Victoria Falls]] (Mosi-oa Tunya)
| 2020
| 1 June 2020
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| 155 × 66 mm
| style="background:#C0A080"| || Brown
| [[National Heroes Acre (Zimbabwe)#The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier|Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]] at the [[National Heroes Acre (Zimbabwe)|National Heroes Acre]], and [[Nehanda Charwe Nyakasikana|Mbuya Nehanda]]
| 2020
| 6 July 2021
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| 155 × 66 mm
| style="background:#FFE080"| || Yellow
| African baobab (''[[Adansonia digitata]]'') and the ruins of [[Great Zimbabwe]]
| 2020
| 5 April 2022
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== Relationship with foreign currencies ==
When the RTGS Dollar was introduced in February 2019, Zimbabweans used a mix of foreign currencies including the [[US dollar]], the [[South African rand]], and the [[Renminbi|Chinese yuan]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hungwe|first=Brian|date=6 February 2014 |title=Zimbabwe's multi-currency confusion |website=BBC News Online |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26034078 |access-date=5 September 2016}}</ref> On 24 June 2019, the Zimbabwean government banned the [[Currency substitution|use of foreign currencies]] in local transactions.<ref name="bbc-20190626"/> However, high inflation, continued public resistance to the Zimbabwean dollar, and the worsening [[COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe|coronavirus pandemic]] forced the government to allow Zimbabweans to use foreign currencies again,
== Exchange rates ==
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In late June 2020 the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe launched a new weekly auction of foreign currency, to try to curb the rampant inflation which had driven the Zimdollar down to {{US$|1}} = 80 Zimdollars.<ref name="Auction-1">{{Cite news|title=Zimdollar moves towards stability |date=19 August 2020 |newspaper=Herald |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/zimdollar-moves-towards-stability/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820095647/https://www.herald.co.zw/zimdollar-moves-towards-stability/ |archive-date=20 August 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy}}</ref> Inflation continued for the Zimdollar, and by May 2022, it was "officially quoted at 165.94 against the U.S. dollar while sliding continuously on the black market, where it is [was] currently trading between 330 and 400 to the US dollar."<ref name="Moyo-2022">{{Cite web|last=Moyo |first=Jeffrey |date=12 May 2022 |title=Behind Zimbabwe's Currency Woes |publisher=Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die Freiheit (Friedrich-Naumann Foundation) |url=https://www.freiheit.org/sub-saharan-africa/behind-zimbabwes-currency-woes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513091612/https://www.freiheit.org/sub-saharan-africa/behind-zimbabwes-currency-woes |archive-date=13 May 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> In an attempt to stop additional speculation in the Zimdollar, in May 2022, the Treasury ordered banks to stop lending, to be effective immediately.<ref name="Moyo-2022" />
In July 2022 the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe announced the introduction of official gold coins into the market "as a store of value".<ref name="Gold-coins-2022">{{Cite web|title=Press Statement: Introduction of Gold Coins |date=4 July 2022 |publisher=The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe |url=https://rbz.co.zw/documents/press/2022/June/Press-Statement---Introduction-of-Gold-Coins.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710062405/https://www.rbz.co.zw/documents/press/2022/June/Press-Statement---Introduction-of-Gold-Coins.pdf |archive-date=10 July 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> The gold coins are called "[[Mosi-oa-Tunya (coin)|Mosi-oa-Tunya]]", and they are expected to be sold for either Zimdollars or United States dollars at rates based upon the prevailing international price of gold plus the costs of production.<ref name="Gold-coins-2022" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ndlovu |first=Ray |date=22 July 2022 |title=Zimbabwe Gives Images of Gold Coins Meant to Tackle Inflation |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-22/zimbabwe-gives-images-of-gold-coins-meant-to-tackle-inflation |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723144938/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-22/zimbabwe-gives-images-of-gold-coins-meant-to-tackle-inflation |archive-date=23 July 2022 |url-status=bot: unknown |access-date=24 July 2022 }}</ref> On 12 February 2024, the Finance Minister of Zimbabwe, Mthuli Ncube, said the Zimbabwean dollar could have
On 5 April 2024, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe announced a new currency to be introduced on 8 April, called [[Zimbabwe Gold|Zimbabwean ZiG]] (ZiG), backed by a basket of reserves comprising foreign currency and precious metals (mainly gold). Zimbabweans were given 21 days to convert their cash into ZiG.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Taruvinga |first=Mary |date=5 April 2024 |title=Zimbabwe Launches New Gold-backed Currency |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/zimbabwe-launches-new-gold-backed-currency-53ab2cc1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405174444/https://www.barrons.com/web/20240405160332/https://www.barrons.com/articles/zimbabwe-launches-new-gold-backed-currency-53ab2cc1 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=Barron's}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
The Zimbabwean dollar
{{Exchange rate|ZWL|BWP|ZAR}}
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*[[Zimbabwean bond notes]]
*[[Zimbabwean bond coins]]
*[[Zimbabwean ZiG|Zimbabwe Gold]]
== Notes ==
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{{n-start}}
{{n-before|currency=Multi-currency system|reason=[[dollarisation|de-dollarisation]]}}
{{n-currency|rowspan=2|location=[[Zimbabwe]]|start=25 February 2019|end=8 April 2024|note=
{{n-after|rowspan=2|currency=[[Zimbabwe Gold]]|reason=[[inflation]]|ratio=2498.7242 ZWL = 1 ZiG}}
{{n-before|currency=[[Zimbabwean bonds]]<br><small>([[Zimbabwean bond notes]] and [[Zimbabwean bond coins]])</small>|ratio=at par}}
{{
{{Economy of Zimbabwe}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Zimbabwean dollar, 2019}}
[[Category:Currencies introduced in 2019]]
[[Category:Currencies of Africa]]
[[Category:Currencies of Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in Zimbabwe]]
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