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| subtitle =
| image_link = Pinochle2.svg
| image_caption = The jack of diamonds and [[queen of spades]]
| alt_names =
| type = Trick-taking
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'''Pinochle''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˈ|p|iː|n|ʌ|k|əl}}), also called '''pinocle''' or '''penuchle''',{{sfn|Parlett|2008|p=295}} is a [[trick-taking]]
==History==
Pinochle is thought to have two possible origins. One is that it is a cousin of [[Binokel]], with both games evolving from the game of [[
The word pinochle has several different potential derivations. It may come from the French word ''binocle'' literally meaning "two eyes", or "eyeglasses" or "binoculars",{{sfn|Mozin|1820|p=93}} and was a reference to the mythical notion that the German game of Binocle was invented with a special deck where the Queen of Spades and Jack of Diamonds were pictured in side profile with just one eye each.<ref>"History of Pinochle" in {{cite book|last=Roya|first=Will|date=2021|title=Card Night: Classic Games, Classic Decks, and the History Behind Them|publisher=Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers|page=145|isbn=9780762473519}}</ref> There are also suggestions that the word pinochle comes from ''bis'' (until) and ''Knöchel'' (knuckle) because originally the game ended when a player rapped their knuckles on the table.<ref>{{cite news |title=Points about pinochle |work=[[The Sun (New York City)|New York Sun]] |date=11 February 1900 |pages=28}}</ref> The term may also be related to the French word ''binage'' for the combination of cards called "binocle".<ref>Deborah Doyle (edited). ''Hoyle's Official Rules of Card Games''. Redwood: Dingley. 2000. Page 420.</ref> This latter pronunciation of the game was adopted by German speakers.
German immigrants brought the game of Binokel to America<ref>Pennycook (1982), p. 426.</ref> in the latter quarter of the 19th century, where it was mispronounced and misspelled "
During [[World War I]], the city of [[Syracuse, New York]], outlawed the playing of pinochle in a gesture of [[anti-German sentiment]].<ref>[[Rensselaer County Historical Society]]. ''Online Exhibitions: "Grüß Gott" in Rensselaer County: The Twentieth Century''. 17 October 2002. Downloaded 12 February 2007.[https://www.rchsonline.org/history-lessons/gr-gott-twentieth-century?rq=gott]</ref> It was also temporarily banned in some other US cities as a result of its German heritage, but has since regained popularity.<ref>"History of Pinochle" in {{cite book|last=Roya|first=Will|date=2021|title=Card Night: Classic Games, Classic Decks, and the History Behind Them|publisher=Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers|page=145|isbn=9780762473519}}</ref>
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Because all of these values are multiples of ten, one can arrive at simplified values by removing the trailing zero from each point total. For instance, a pinochle has a simplified score of 4, a double Pinochle would score
===Playing tricks===
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===Two-handed===
Two-handed pinochle<ref name="The New Complete Hoyle Revised">{{cite book |last1=Morehead |first1=Albert |last2=Frey |first2=Richard |last3=Mott-Smith |first3=Geoffrey |title=The New Complete Hoyle Revised |chapter=Pinochle |date=17 September 1991 |edition=5th |publisher=Doubleday |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newcompletehoyle00hoyl/page/327 327–361] |isbn=0-385-24962-4 |chapter-url-access=registration |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/newcompletehoyle00hoyl/page/327}}</ref> is the original pinochle game, while partnership, auction, and all other variants are derived from it. It is the game most similar to the original [[Bezique]] game, whence pinochle was derived, via the German game of [[Binokel]]. The only significant difference in its rules from Bezique is the scoring.
The original version of pinochle involves a partial deal of twelve cards to both players in packets of four, leaving a stock of 24 cards. A player can score one meld after each trick won of the first 12 tricks. Melded cards can even be used to win tricks. After each trick, players draw one card from the stock into their hand starting with the trick-winning player. For the last 12 tricks, melds are taken into each player's hand and are no longer announced by the player who wins the trick. The traditional trick-taking rules apply only for these last 12 tricks.
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===Three-handed===
In Three-handed pinochle
All players review their cards and silently determine their bids. The player to the dealer's left initiates the bidding process. If the player has a meld, he or she is required to open the bidding; otherwise, they may pass or bid. If he or she passes, the obligation to bid passes to the next player, if meld is held. Once a player passes, he or she is out of the auction.
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== Literature ==
* Mozin, Dominique Joseph (1820). ''Nouveau Dictionnaire de Poche Allemand-Français et Français-Allemand'', Volume 2. Stuttgart/Tübingen: Cotta.
* {{cite book |last1=Parlett |first1=David |author-link=David Parlett |title=The Penguin book of card games |date=2008 |publisher=Penguin |location=London |isbn=978-0-141-03787-5}}
* Pennycook, Andrew (1982). ''The Book of Card Games''. London, NY, Sydney, Ontario and Auckland: Granada. {{ISBN|0-583-12910-2}}
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[[Category:19th-century card games]]
[[Category:American card games]]
[[Category:Two-player card games]]
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[[Category:Five-player card games]]
[[Category:Six-player card games]]
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