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{{Short description|Type of naval gun}}
'''Driggs-Schroeder''' was the name of several [[naval artillery|naval guns]] designed by [[William H. Driggs]] and [[Seaton Schroeder]], both US Navy officers, for the [[United States Navy]] in the late 1880s, fitted on ships built in the 1890s. Driggs later founded the [[Driggs-Seabury]] Ordnance Company ca. 1898. ▼
[[File:6 pounder Hotchkiss gun and crew USS Oregon.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A [[Hotchkiss et Cie|Hotchkiss]] 6-pounder rapid-fire gun on {{USS|Oregon|BB-3}}, generally similar to the Driggs-Schroeder 6-pounder. Their 1-pounder and 3-pounder rapid-fire guns were also of this configuration.]]
▲'''Driggs-Schroeder''' was the name of several [[naval artillery|naval guns]] designed by US Navy officers [[William H. Driggs]] and [[Seaton Schroeder]]
These guns were initially produced by the [[William Cramp & Sons]] shipbuilding company,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Database of USA Gunmakers |url=https://www.earmi.it/usa%20gunmakers/d.html |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=www.earmi.it}}</ref> than a separate Drigg-Schroeder Ordnance Company was founded with Cramps' capital, which in 1896 was united with competing [[Hotchkiss gun|Hotchkiss Gun]] Company based in Rhode Island and the American Projectile Company from Massachusets into [[American Ordnance Company]] headed by General Albert C. Ordway.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Image 16 of The journal (New York [N.Y.]), March 21, 1896 |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84031792/1896-03-21/ed-1/?dl=all&sp=1&st=text |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Driggs later founded the [[Driggs-Seabury]] Ordnance Company in 1897, in partnership with his brother Louis Labadie "L. L." Driggs<ref>{{cite book| title=calendar no. 47 |author=Court of Appeals of the State of New York |publisher=The Hecla Press | location = New York |year=1922 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lDR4jF00vFEC&pg=RA4-PP8 |page=8 }}</ref> and Samuel Seabury, a retired US Navy officer.<ref>[http://www.google.com.mx/patents/US839124 Patent assigned by William Hale Driggs in 1906 to Driggs-Seabury Ordnance Corp.]</ref>
Driggs-Schroeder weapons included [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom#United States service|1-pounder]], [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss#US service|3-pounder]], and [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss#American service|6-pounder]] naval guns.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-pgtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA282&lpg=PA282&dq=driggs+ordnance+company&source=bl&ots=J1_KVBcGFV&sig=5wR7k1R1KZr22qOdGm8BLGO32IE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LoYUVc32CMemNtmSgoAP&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=driggs%20ordnance%20company&f=false Lohrer, George L. ''Ordnance Supply Manual'', U. S. Ordnance Dept., 1904, p. 282]</ref> All were rapid-firing, what today would be called "single shot", with brass cased ammunition. They were among numerous models of these guns equipped on US Navy ships of the 1890s. Other manufacturers' designs included fully automatic 1-pounder and 3-pounder guns, but not Driggs-Schroeder. Most Driggs-Schroeder weapons were manufactured by the American Ordnance Company, with some manufactured by Driggs Ordnance Company.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NYA3AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA440&lpg=PA440&dq=driggs+ordnance+company&source=bl&ots=zcPz98JS-M&sig=B_4HsiLdFCgKfobCRfrRU27d6kI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TIgUVYzZFoybgwS9j4PoCg&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=driggs%20ordnance%20company&f=false Executive Documents of the House of Representatives, 1889-90, Washington: Government Printing Office, pp. 440-441]</ref><ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_1pounder_m1.htm DiGiulian, Tony US 1-pounder guns Mks 1-15]</ref><ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_3pounder_m1.htm DiGiulian, Tony US 3-pounder guns Mks 1-12]</ref><ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_6pounder_m1.htm DiGiulian, Tony US 6-pounder guns Mks 1-13]</ref>▼
▲Driggs-Schroeder weapons included [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom#United States service|1-pounder]],<ref>American Ordnance, pp. 35–37</ref> [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss#US service|3-pounder]] (Navy Marks 2 and 3),<ref>American Ordnance, pp. 36–37</ref><ref>Campbell, p. 147</ref> and [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss#
Some of the ships equipped with Driggs-Schroeder guns included [[USS Texas (1892)|USS ''Texas'' (1892)]], [[USS Maine (ACR-1)|USS ''Maine'' (1893)]], and {{USS|Olympia|C-6}}. ''Olympia'' is preserved with her Driggs-Schroeder 6-pounders intact at the [[Independence Seaport Museum]] in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]].▼
[[File:Olympia C-6 13.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Breech of a Driggs-Schroeder 6-pounder gun on USS ''Olympia''.]]
==References==▼
[[File:American engineer and railroad journal (1893) (14572653078).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Driggs-Schroeder 6-pounder gun being tested.]]
[[File:Easton, Pennsylvania (6616803639).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Driggs-Schroeder 6-pounder gun preserved in Easton, Pennsylvania.]]
* Munsey's Magazine Volume XXVI. October 1901, to March 1902. Page 880. Article paragraph covered the Driggs-Schroeder 6-pounders carried on the USS ''Olympia'', USS ''Brooklyn'', and USS ''New York''.▼
▲Some of the ships equipped with Driggs-Schroeder guns included
Driggs-Schroeder designed a "limited recoil" carriage for the [[US Army]]'s [[3.2-inch gun M1890]], along with a 3.2-inch [[field gun]] based on that weapon with a different breech.<ref>American Ordnance, pp. 42, 49–52</ref> These were perhaps the same gun and/or carriage later prototyped by Driggs-Seabury; neither was adopted by the US Army.<ref name=Ordnance1>{{cite book | last = Ordnance Corps | first = US Army | title = Annual Report of the Chief of Ordnance, ''Field Material section'' | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FoVFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA53 | page = 53 | publisher = Government Printing Office | year = 1896 | location = Washington }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://library.bbhc.org/cdm/ref/collection/WRAC/id/8897 |title=Blueprint for a Driggs-Schroeder 3.2-inch gun from Winchester Repeating Arms Company, at the Buffalo Bill Center of the West |access-date=2015-03-28 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402135110/http://library.bbhc.org/cdm/ref/collection/WRAC/id/8897 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-32inch-driggsseabury-fieldgun/?mobileFormat=false ''Scientific American'', Vol. 79, Issue 6, article on the 3.2-inch Driggs-Seabury field gun]</ref>
A 12-pounder gun on a limited recoil carriage for naval [[landing force]]s was submitted to the [[United States Army Ordnance Corps|US Army Ordnance Department]] in [[fiscal year]] 1895; it was not adopted.<ref name=Ordnance1/><ref>American Ordnance, pp. 39–42, 49–52</ref>
An Army [[4"/40 caliber gun|4-inch/40 caliber]] Driggs-Schroeder rapid-fire gun also existed,<ref>American Ordnance, pp. 42–44</ref> probably the same as one of several Navy guns of this type. Only four were emplaced by the Army in [[seacoast defense in the United States|coast defense]] mountings; two at [[Fort Washington Park|Fort Washington]], Maryland 1899–1921 and two at [[Fort Warren (Massachusetts)|Fort Warren]], Massachusetts 1899–1925.<ref>Berhow, pp. 84–85</ref><ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_4-40_mk1.htm DiGiulian, Tony US 4"/40 guns Mks 1-6]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-pgtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA282&lpg=PA259 Lohrer, pp. 259–262]</ref> Driggs-Schroeder designed [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss#US Army service|6-pounders]] designated Marks II and III for the Army;<ref name=AmOrd3739/> they possibly corresponded to the Navy Marks 6 and 8.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-pgtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA282 Lohrer, pp. 282–295]</ref> Some of these weapons were deployed at [[United States Army Coast Artillery Corps|coastal artillery]] forts for land defense. These included experimental quantities on "parapet mounts", wheeled carriages with fittings that allowed them to be secured to [[pintle mount]]s set in concrete. A dozen were deployed at [[Fort Ruger]] in [[Hawaii]] as part of the Land Defense Project of 1915, along with some in the [[Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays]], Philippines.<ref>Berhow, pp. 188–189, 217</ref>
▲==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Berhow |editor-first=Mark A. | title = American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide |edition=Second | publisher = CDSG Press | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-9748167-0-1}}
* {{cite book| title=Naval Weapons of World War Two |author=Campbell, John |publisher=Naval Institute Press | location = Annapolis |year=1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpJTNm6eKEMC&pg=PA147 |isbn=0-87021-459-4}}
* {{cite book | last = American Ordnance Company | title = The Driggs-Schroeder System of rapid-fire guns, 2nd edition | publisher = The Deutsch Lithographing and Printing Company | year = 1896 | location = Baltimore, MD | url = https://archive.org/details/driggsschroeders00amer/page/n10 }}
▲* Munsey's Magazine Volume XXVI
[[Category:Naval artillery]]
[[Category:Naval guns of the United States]]
[[Category:Artillery of the United States]]
[[Category:Coastal artillery]]
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